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M60.0 – Infectious Myositis: Causes & Treatment
M60.0 is the ICD-10 code for infectious myositis, an inflammatory condition of the skeletal muscles caused by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens.
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M60.0 is the ICD-10 code for infectious myositis, an inflammatory condition of the skeletal muscles caused by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens.
What is M60.0 – Infectious Myositis?
The ICD-10 code M60.0 refers to infectious myositis, an inflammation of the skeletal muscles caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. The condition can affect individual muscles or muscle groups and ranges in severity from mild discomfort to life-threatening illness.
Causes
Infectious myositis can be triggered by a variety of organisms:
- Bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (the most common cause of pyomyositis), Streptococci, Clostridia
- Viruses: Influenza viruses, Coxsackieviruses, HIV, SARS-CoV-2
- Parasites: Trichinella spiralis (trichinosis), Toxoplasma gondii
- Fungi: Candida species (rare, mostly in immunocompromised patients)
Contributing risk factors include a weakened immune system, diabetes mellitus, intravenous drug use, muscle trauma, or surgical procedures.
Symptoms
Symptoms of infectious myositis vary depending on the causative agent and disease severity:
- Localized muscle pain, swelling, and warmth
- Muscle weakness and limited range of motion
- Fever and general malaise
- Redness of the skin overlying the affected muscle
- In severe cases: abscess formation, sepsis
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is established through a combination of clinical and laboratory findings:
- Blood tests: Elevated inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR) and raised muscle enzymes (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase)
- Imaging: Ultrasound or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) to visualize inflammation and abscesses
- Pathogen identification: Blood cultures, wound swabs, or muscle biopsy for microbiological analysis
- Serology: Detection of antibodies when viral or parasitic causes are suspected
Treatment
Treatment depends on the underlying pathogen:
- Bacterial myositis: Antibiotics (e.g., penicillin, flucloxacillin, clindamycin); surgical drainage in cases of abscess
- Viral myositis: Primarily supportive care with pain relief and rest; antiviral medications for specific viruses
- Parasitic myositis: Antiparasitic drugs (e.g., albendazole for trichinosis)
- Fungal myositis: Antifungal agents (e.g., fluconazole, amphotericin B)
Severe cases may require hospitalization, and in critical situations, treatment in an intensive care unit.
Prognosis
With early diagnosis and targeted treatment, the prognosis for infectious myositis is generally favorable. However, severe or untreated cases can lead to permanent muscle damage or life-threatening complications such as sepsis.
References
- World Health Organization (WHO): ICD-10 Version 2019 – M60.0 Infective myositis. Available at: https://icd.who.int/
- Crum-Cianflone NF. Bacterial, Fungal, Parasitic, and Viral Myositis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2008; 21(3):473–494.
- Longo DL et al. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education, 2018.
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