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M75.1 – Rotator Cuff Syndrome Explained
M75.1 is the ICD-10 code for rotator cuff syndrome, a painful shoulder condition caused by damage to the tendons surrounding the shoulder joint.
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M75.1 is the ICD-10 code for rotator cuff syndrome, a painful shoulder condition caused by damage to the tendons surrounding the shoulder joint.
What is M75.1 – Rotator Cuff Syndrome?
The ICD-10 code M75.1 refers to rotator cuff syndrome, one of the most common shoulder disorders. The rotator cuff consists of four muscles and their associated tendons that surround, stabilize, and move the shoulder joint, enabling actions such as lifting and rotating the arm. In M75.1, these tendon structures become damaged, irritated, or torn, resulting in pain and reduced shoulder function.
Causes
Rotator cuff syndrome can result from a variety of factors:
- Degenerative changes: Age-related wear and tear of the tendons, particularly from the age of 40 onwards
- Acute trauma: A fall onto an outstretched arm or a sudden excessive load on the shoulder
- Overuse: Repetitive overhead movements, common in tradespeople and athletes (e.g., tennis, swimming, throwing sports)
- Impingement syndrome: Narrowing of the space beneath the acromion, causing friction and tendon damage
- Reduced blood supply: Poor vascularization of certain tendon regions increases the risk of tears
Symptoms
Typical symptoms associated with M75.1 include:
- Shoulder pain, often worsening at night or during specific movements
- Pain when lifting the arm above shoulder height
- Weakness in the affected arm
- Restricted shoulder range of motion
- Clicking or grinding sensation in the shoulder joint
- In cases of a complete tear: significant loss of strength or inability to actively raise the arm
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of rotator cuff syndrome is established through:
- Medical history and physical examination: Specific functional tests such as the Jobe test, Drop-Arm test, or Hawkins-Kennedy test
- Ultrasound (sonography): A cost-effective initial imaging method to assess tendon changes
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): The gold standard for precise visualization of the extent and location of tendon damage
- X-ray: To exclude bony abnormalities or calcifications
Treatment
Conservative Treatment
In most patients, a conservative approach is attempted first:
- Physiotherapy: Strengthening of shoulder muscles, improving mobility and joint stability
- Pain management: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen to relieve pain and reduce inflammation
- Corticosteroid injections: Administered into the subacromial space for persistent pain
- Cold and heat therapy: Supportive measures to relieve symptoms
- Rest: Avoidance of pain-triggering movements during the acute phase
Surgical Treatment
If conservative measures fail to provide adequate relief after 3–6 months, or in cases of a complete tendon rupture, surgical intervention may be required:
- Arthroscopic tendon repair: Minimally invasive suturing or reattachment of the torn tendon
- Subacromial decompression: Enlarging the tendon gliding space by removing bony spurs
- Open reconstruction: Used for large or complex tendon tears
Prognosis and Outlook
The prognosis depends largely on the extent of the tendon injury, the age of the patient, and adherence to therapy. Small to medium-sized tears often respond well to conservative treatment. With appropriate therapy, significant improvement in shoulder function is achievable in most cases. Following surgical intervention, rehabilitation typically takes 3–6 months.
References
- German Society for Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery (DGOOC): Clinical Guideline on Rotator Cuff Tears (2021)
- Moosmayer S. et al. – Tendon repair compared with physiotherapy in the treatment of rotator cuff tears. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (2019)
- World Health Organization (WHO): ICD-10 Version 2019, Code M75.1 – Rotator cuff syndrome
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