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S93.2 – Ankle Ligament Rupture | ICD-10 Code
S93.2 is an ICD-10 diagnosis code for rupture of ligaments at the ankle and foot level. It describes a ligament injury most commonly caused by twisting or rolling the ankle.
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S93.2 is an ICD-10 diagnosis code for rupture of ligaments at the ankle and foot level. It describes a ligament injury most commonly caused by twisting or rolling the ankle.
What Does ICD-10 Code S93.2 Mean?
The code S93.2 belongs to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and stands for rupture of ligaments at the ankle and foot level. It describes a partial or complete tear of one or more ligaments that stabilize the ankle joint. This type of injury is one of the most common sports-related injuries worldwide.
Causes
Ligament rupture at the ankle is typically caused by sudden overloading or trauma:
- Rolling or twisting the ankle (supination trauma), especially during sports or on uneven surfaces
- Falls or sudden twisting movements of the ankle joint
- Direct impact or force applied to the joint
- Sudden changes of direction during sports activities (e.g., football, basketball, handball)
Symptoms
Typical signs and symptoms of an ankle ligament rupture include:
- Sudden, intense pain around the ankle
- Swelling and bruising (haematoma) around the ankle joint
- Reduced range of motion in the foot and ankle
- Feeling of instability in the joint (the ankle "gives way")
- Pain when bearing weight or walking
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made through a combination of clinical examination and imaging:
- Clinical examination: Palpation of the ankle, stability tests (e.g., anterior drawer test)
- X-ray: To rule out bone fractures
- Ultrasound: Visualization of the ligaments and assessment of injury severity
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): For complex or unclear cases to precisely assess ligament and surrounding tissue damage
Treatment
Treatment depends on the severity of the ligament injury. Three grades are commonly distinguished:
Grade I – Ligament Sprain (Distortion)
Mild overstretching without a tear. Treatment: Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE protocol).
Grade II – Partial Tear
Partial rupture of the ligament. Treatment: Stabilizing orthosis or taping, physiotherapy, and temporary partial weight relief.
Grade III – Complete Tear
Full rupture of the ligament. Treatment: In most cases conservative management with a stabilizing orthosis and physiotherapy; surgical intervention in selected cases (e.g., chronic instability or professional athletes).
General Treatment Measures
- Pain relief with anti-inflammatory medications (e.g., ibuprofen, diclofenac)
- Physiotherapy to restore strength, mobility, and coordination
- Proprioceptive training to prevent recurrence
- Gradual return to weight-bearing activities and sport
Prognosis
With timely and consistent treatment, ankle ligament injuries generally heal well. Recovery time ranges from a few weeks to several months depending on the severity. Without proper treatment, there is a risk of developing chronic joint instability.
References
- World Health Organization (WHO): ICD-10 Version 2019, Code S93.2 – Rupture of ligaments at ankle and foot level.
- Kerkhoffs GM, et al. – Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ankle sprains. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2012; 46(12): 854–860.
- van den Bekerom MP, et al. – What is the evidence for rest, ice, compression, and elevation therapy in the treatment of ankle sprains in adults? Journal of Athletic Training, 2012; 47(4): 435–443.
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