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TSH Level – Meaning, Causes and Diagnosis
The TSH level reflects thyroid function. Deviations may indicate hyper- or hypothyroidism
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The TSH level (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is a key laboratory marker for assessing thyroid function.
Produced in the pituitary gland, the TSH level regulates the production of thyroid hormones T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine). A typical reference range is 0.4–4.0 mIU/L, though it may vary slightly between laboratories.
Elevated TSH levels usually indicate hypothyroidism, while low levels are often linked to hyperthyroidism. Pituitary disorders, medications, or pregnancy can also affect values. Symptoms range from fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance to tachycardia, weight loss, and excessive sweating.
TSH is measured via a blood test and often assessed alongside free thyroid hormones fT3 and fT4. Treatment depends on the diagnosis – hypothyroidism is usually managed with levothyroxine, while hyperthyroidism may require medication, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery.
Key Facts about TSH Level
- Thyroid-regulating hormone
- Elevated in hypothyroidism, low in hyperthyroidism
- Reference range: approx. 0.4–4.0 mIU/L
- Measured via blood test
- Treatment depends on underlying cause
Literature references:
- Garber, J. R., et al. (2012). Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults. Thyroid.
- Biondi, B., & Cooper, D. S. (2018). Subclinical thyroid disease. The Lancet.
- Ross, D. S., et al. (2016). 2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism. Thyroid
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