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Powassan Virus – Symptoms, Transmission and Risk Factors
The Powassan virus is tick-borne and can cause encephalitis. Learn about its symptoms, transmission routes, risk groups and prevention strategies.
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The Powassan virus is tick-borne and can cause encephalitis. Learn about its symptoms, transmission routes, risk groups and prevention strategies.
Powassan Virus
The Powassan virus (POWV) is a rare, tick-borne virus that can cause severe neurological diseases in humans. It belongs to the Flaviviridae family and is primarily found in North America. Transmission occurs through the bite of infected ticks, particularly Ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick or deer tick).
After an incubation period of 1 to 4 weeks, symptoms may include fever, headache, vomiting, and, in severe cases, encephalitis (brain inflammation) or meningitis. Approximately 10% of symptomatic individuals die, and about half of survivors suffer from long-term neurological complications.
Since there is no specific treatment or vaccine, the focus lies on early detection, tick bite prevention, and symptomatic management. People with weakened immune systems or those frequently exposed to wooded areas are at higher risk.
Transmission:
- Via tick bite (mainly Ixodes scapularis)
- No known human-to-human transmission
Symptoms:
- Fever, chills
- Headache, vomiting
- Confusion, speech disturbances
- Meningitis or encephalitis
- Seizures, paralysis
Prevention:
- Tick protection (long clothing, repellents)
- Immediate tick removal
- Avoidance of high-risk areas (e.g., dense forests)
Literature & Sources:
- CDC – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Powassan Virus
- ECDC – European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
- Hermance ME et al. (2015): Powassan Virus: An Emerging Arbovirus
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