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Glossar: M

Do you have questions about specific symptoms or ingredients? Our glossary provides an A-to-Z guide to your health.

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M

581 Posts in this encyclopedia category

M16.0

M16.0 is the ICD-10 code for primary bilateral coxarthrosis (hip osteoarthritis). The cartilage of both hip joints gradually breaks down, causing pain and limited mobility.

M16.1

M16.1 is the ICD-10 code for unilateral primary coxarthrosis – degenerative cartilage loss in one hip joint. Common symptoms include hip pain and restricted movement.

M17.0

M17.0 is the ICD-10 code for primary bilateral gonarthrosis (knee osteoarthritis). It is a degenerative joint disease causing cartilage loss and pain in both knees.

M17.1

M17.1 is the ICD-10 code for primary gonarthrosis of one knee – a degenerative cartilage condition affecting a single knee joint with no underlying disease.

M23.2

M23.2 is the ICD-10 code for a loose body in a joint, most often the knee. This fragment of cartilage or bone can cause pain, swelling, and sudden locking of the joint.

M23.3

M23.3 is the ICD-10 code for other meniscus derangements of the knee. It covers degenerative or traumatic changes to the meniscus that can cause pain and restricted movement.

M23.5

M23.5 is the ICD-10 code for loose bodies in the knee joint. These free-floating cartilage or bone fragments cause pain, swelling, and joint locking.

M25.5

M25.5 is the ICD-10 code for joint pain (arthralgia). It describes pain in one or more joints without a specified underlying cause.

M25.6

M25.6 is the ICD-10 code for joint stiffness. It describes reduced mobility in one or more joints and can result from various underlying conditions.

M40.0

M40.0 is the ICD-10 code for round back (hyperkyphosis), an excessive backward curvature of the spine, primarily affecting the thoracic region.

M40.1 is the ICD-10 code for other secondary kyphosis – an abnormal backward curvature of the spine. It develops as a consequence of an underlying condition and may cause pain and restricted mobility.

M40.2

M40.2 is the ICD-10 code for other lordosis of the spine. Lordosis refers to an excessive inward curvature of the vertebral column, most commonly in the lumbar or cervical region.

M40.3

M40.3 is the ICD-10 code for flat back syndrome, a spinal deformity with reduced lumbar lordosis. It commonly affects adults with postural weakness or following spinal surgery.

M40.4

M40.4 is the ICD-10 code for other lordosis – an excessive inward curvature of the spine, typically in the lumbar or cervical region. It may cause back pain and restricted movement.

M40.5

M40.5 is the ICD-10 code for lordosis, an excessive inward curvature of the spine, most commonly affecting the lumbar (lower back) region.

M41.0

M41.0 is the ICD-10 code for infantile idiopathic scoliosis, a lateral curvature of the spine occurring in early childhood with no identifiable cause.

M41.1

M41.1 is the ICD-10 code for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis – a lateral curvature of the spine with no identifiable cause, occurring in children and adolescents.

M41.2

M41.2 is an ICD-10 code for other idiopathic scoliosis. It describes a lateral curvature of the spine with no identifiable cause, most commonly affecting adolescents and young adults.

M41.3

M41.3 is the ICD-10 code for thoracogenic scoliosis, a lateral curvature of the spine caused by thoracic diseases or surgical procedures affecting the chest.

M41.4

M41.4 is the ICD-10 code for neuromuscular scoliosis, a lateral curvature of the spine caused by underlying nerve or muscle disorders such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.

M41.5

M41.5 is the ICD-10 code for other idiopathic scoliosis, a lateral curvature of the spine with no identifiable cause. It most commonly develops during the growth years.

M41.8

M41.8 is the ICD-10 code for other forms of scoliosis – a lateral curvature of the spine that does not fit into other specific subcategories of M41.

M41.9

M41.9 is the ICD-10 code for scoliosis, unspecified – a lateral curvature of the spine. It is used when no more specific classification of the scoliosis type is documented.

M42.0

M42.0 is the ICD-10 code for Scheuermann disease, a growth-related spinal condition in adolescents characterized by structural changes to the vertebral bodies.

M42.1

M42.1 is an ICD-10 diagnosis code for osteochondrosis of the spine in adults, a degenerative condition affecting the intervertebral discs and vertebral bodies, often causing chronic back pain.

M42.9

M42.9 is an ICD-10 diagnosis code for osteochondrosis of the spine, unspecified. It refers to degenerative changes affecting the intervertebral discs and vertebral bodies, often causing back pain.

M43.0

M43.0 is the ICD-10 code for spondylolysis, a defect or stress fracture in the vertebral arch. It most commonly affects the lumbar spine and can cause back pain and spinal instability.

M43.1

M43.1 is the ICD-10 code for spondylolisthesis, a condition where one vertebra slips forward over the one below it, potentially causing back pain and nerve symptoms.

M43.2

M43.2 is the ICD-10 code for fusion of the spine, also known as spondylodesis. It describes the permanent joining of vertebral bodies due to disease or surgical intervention.

M43.3

M43.3 is the ICD-10 code for spondylolisthesis, a condition where one vertebra slips forward over another, potentially causing back pain and neurological symptoms.

M43.4

M43.4 is the ICD-10 code for other habitual atlantoaxial subluxation, referring to recurrent or chronic displacement between the first and second cervical vertebrae.

M43.5

M43.5 is the ICD-10 code for other habitual atlantoaxial subluxation, a condition in which the first cervical vertebra (atlas) repeatedly shifts out of its normal position.

M43.6

M43.6 is the ICD-10 code for torticollis (wryneck), a condition in which the head is tilted and rotated due to muscle or structural abnormalities of the neck.

M43.8

M43.8 is an ICD-10 code for other specified deforming dorsopathies. It covers structural spinal changes that do not fit more specific codes in the M43 group.

M43.9

M43.9 is the ICD-10 code for deforming dorsopathy, unspecified. It refers to a spinal condition with structural changes where no more specific diagnosis has been recorded.

M45.0

M45.0 is the ICD-10 code for ankylosing spondylitis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to progressive stiffness.

M46.0

M46.0 is the ICD-10 code for spinal enthesopathy – a condition affecting the attachment sites of tendons and ligaments along the spine, causing pain and restricted movement.

M46.1

M46.1 is the ICD-10 code for sacroiliitis (not elsewhere classified) – an inflammation of the sacroiliac joints that can cause severe lower back pain.

M46.2

M46.2 is the ICD-10 code for osteomyelitis of the spine – a bacterial bone infection of the vertebrae that can cause severe back pain and neurological damage.

M46.3

M46.3 is the ICD-10 code for an infection of the intervertebral disc (discitis). This inflammatory spinal condition requires early diagnosis and prompt treatment to prevent complications.

M46.4

M46.4 is the ICD-10 code for infective intervertebral disc disorders. Bacteria or other pathogens infect the disc space, causing inflammation, pain, and potentially serious complications.

M46.5

M46.5 is the ICD-10 code for spondylodiscitis, a bacterial infection of the spine affecting the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs.

M46.8

M46.8 is an ICD-10 diagnosis code for other specified inflammatory spondylopathies. It covers spinal inflammatory conditions that do not fall into a more specific diagnostic category.

M46.9

M46.9 is an ICD-10 code for an inflammatory spinal disorder, unspecified. It is used when spinal inflammation is diagnosed but the exact type or cause has not yet been determined.

M47.2

M47.2 is the ICD-10 code for spondylosis with radiculopathy – a degenerative spinal condition in which bony or disc changes compress nerve roots, causing pain, tingling, or weakness.

M47.8

M47.8 is the ICD-10 code for other forms of spondylosis. It refers to degenerative changes of the spine without associated nerve involvement.

M48.0

M48.0 is the ICD-10 code for spinal canal stenosis: a narrowing of the spinal canal that compresses nerves, causing pain, numbness, or difficulty walking.

M48.06

M48.06 is the ICD-10 code for spinal stenosis of the lumbar region. The spinal canal in the lower back is narrowed, potentially causing back pain and leg symptoms.

M48.1

M48.1 is the ICD-10 code for ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine (DISH). A degenerative condition characterized by ossification of spinal ligaments and entheses.

M48.5

M48.5 is the ICD-10 code for non-traumatic vertebral body compression. It frequently occurs in osteoporosis and causes back pain and restricted mobility.

M49.0

M49.0 is an ICD-10 diagnosis code for tuberculosis of the spine. It describes a mycobacterial infection that can damage vertebrae and intervertebral discs.

M49.1

M49.1 is the ICD-10 code for brucellosis of the spine, a bacterial infection caused by Brucella species that affects the vertebral bones and discs.

M49.2

M49.2 is an ICD-10 code for osteonecrosis of the vertebral column. Bone tissue dies due to impaired blood supply, causing back pain and spinal instability.

M49.3

M49.3 is an ICD-10 code for spondylopathy in diseases classified elsewhere, describing spinal disorders that occur as a consequence of another underlying condition.

M49.4

M49.4 is the ICD-10 code for fatigue fracture of the vertebra. It describes a bone fracture caused by repeated mechanical stress rather than a single traumatic event.

M49.5

M49.5 is the ICD-10 code for collapsed vertebra in diseases classified elsewhere. It describes the structural failure of one or more vertebral bodies as a result of an underlying condition.

M49.8

M49.8 is an ICD-10 diagnosis code for other spondylopathies in diseases classified elsewhere. It describes spinal conditions occurring as a consequence of or associated with a systemic underlying disease.

M50.1

M50.1 is the ICD-10 code for cervical disc disorder with radiculopathy, indicating nerve root irritation caused by a damaged disc in the cervical spine.

M51.2

M51.2 is an ICD-10 code for displacement of intervertebral discs in the lumbar and sacral region without myelopathy, commonly known as a lumbar disc herniation or slipped disc.

M53.0

M53.0 is the ICD-10 code for cervicocranial syndrome, a condition causing headaches, dizziness, and neck pain originating from the upper cervical spine.

M53.1

M53.1 is the ICD-10 code for cervicobrachial syndrome, a condition causing pain radiating from the neck into the shoulder and arm, often due to nerve irritation.

M53.2

M53.2 is the ICD-10 code for instability of the spine. It describes abnormal mobility of the vertebral joints that can cause pain and neurological symptoms.

M53.3

M53.3 is an ICD-10 code for sacrococcygeal disorders, which include pain and discomfort in the area of the coccyx (tailbone). This condition is also known as coccydynia.

M53.8

M53.8 is an ICD-10 diagnosis code for other specified diseases of the spine and back. It is used when a spinal condition cannot be assigned to a more specific subcategory.

M54.2

M54.2 is the ICD-10 code for cervical neuralgia – nerve pain in the neck region. Learn about causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

M54.4

M54.4 is the ICD-10 code for lumbosciatica – lower back pain radiating into the leg along the sciatic nerve. It is one of the most common musculoskeletal diagnoses worldwide.

M54.5

M54.5 is the ICD-10 code for low back pain (lumbago). It describes pain in the lumbar region and is one of the most common diagnoses in general practice worldwide.

M60.0

M60.0 is the ICD-10 code for infectious myositis, an inflammatory condition of the skeletal muscles caused by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens.

M60.1

M60.1 is the ICD-10 code for interstitial myositis, an inflammatory condition of skeletal muscle affecting the connective tissue between muscle fibres. It causes pain, weakness and reduced mobility.

M60.2

M60.2 is the ICD-10 code for foreign body myositis, a muscle inflammation caused by embedded foreign material. It may cause pain, swelling, and limited movement.

M60.8

M60.8 is the ICD-10 code for other myositis – inflammatory conditions of skeletal muscle not classified elsewhere. Common causes include autoimmune disorders, medications, and infections.

M60.9

M60.9 is the ICD-10 code for myositis, unspecified. It refers to inflammation of the skeletal muscles that can cause pain, weakness, and muscle loss.

M62.0

M62.0 is the ICD-10 code for separation of muscle (muscle diastasis). It describes the pathological splitting or separation of muscle tissue.

M62.1

M62.1 is the ICD-10 code for ischemic infarction of muscle. Muscle tissue dies due to insufficient blood supply. It most commonly affects patients with diabetes or vascular disease.

M62.2

M62.2 is the ICD-10 code for ischemic infarction of muscle. It refers to the death of skeletal muscle tissue caused by insufficient blood supply.

M65.3

M65.3 is the ICD-10 code for trigger finger (stenosing tenosynovitis), a condition in which a finger catches or locks when bent or straightened.

M65.4

M65.4 is the ICD-10 code for stenosing tenosynovitis, commonly known as trigger finger. The tendon sheath narrows, causing pain and a characteristic snapping or locking when bending the finger.

M70.6

M70.6 is the ICD-10 code for trochanteric bursitis, a painful inflammation of the bursa located at the outer hip. It typically causes pain along the lateral side of the hip and thigh.

M75.1

M75.1 is the ICD-10 code for rotator cuff syndrome, a painful shoulder condition caused by damage to the tendons surrounding the shoulder joint.

M75.2

M75.2 is the ICD-10 code for bicipital tendinitis, an inflammation or degeneration of the long head of the biceps tendon at the shoulder, causing pain and restricted movement.

M75.3

M75.3 is the ICD-10 code for calcific tendinitis of the shoulder: calcium deposits in shoulder tendons cause pain and restricted movement.

M75.4

M75.4 is the ICD-10 code for shoulder impingement syndrome. It occurs when tendons or bursae in the shoulder are compressed, causing pain and restricted movement.

M75.5

M75.5 is the ICD-10 code for subacromial bursitis, an inflammation of the bursa beneath the shoulder roof. It causes shoulder pain and limited range of motion.

M75.8

M75.8 is an ICD-10 code for other shoulder lesions. It covers shoulder conditions that cannot be assigned to a more specific category within the M75 group.

M75.9

M75.9 is an ICD-10 code for an unspecified shoulder lesion. It covers various shoulder conditions causing pain, restricted movement, or inflammation.

M76.0

M76.0 is the ICD-10 code for gluteus medius tendinitis, an irritation or inflammation of the tendon of the middle gluteal muscle, causing lateral hip pain.

M76.1

M76.1 is the ICD-10 code for patellar tendinopathy, also known as jumper's knee. It is a painful overuse condition of the patellar tendon, common in athletes.

M76.2

M76.2 is the ICD-10 code for iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS), commonly called runner's knee. It describes a painful overuse condition on the outer side of the knee.

M76.3

M76.3 is the ICD-10 code for iliotibial band syndrome, an overuse injury causing pain on the outer side of the knee. It is especially common in runners and cyclists.

M76.5

M76.5 is the ICD-10 code for patellar tendinitis, also known as jumper's knee – a painful overuse condition affecting the patellar tendon at the knee joint.

M76.6

M76.6 is the ICD-10 code for Achilles tendinitis – a painful inflammation of the Achilles tendon caused by overuse or degenerative changes.

M76.7

M76.7 is the ICD-10 code for Achilles tendinopathy, a painful overuse condition of the Achilles tendon that commonly affects athletes and physically active individuals.

M76.8

M76.8 is an ICD-10 diagnosis code for other enthesopathies of the lower limb, excluding the foot. These conditions affect tendon and ligament attachment sites, causing pain and restricted movement.

M76.9

M76.9 is an ICD-10 diagnosis code for an unspecified enthesopathy of the lower limb, referring to painful changes at tendon and ligament attachment sites on bone.

M77.0

M77.0 is the ICD-10 code for medial epicondylitis, commonly known as golfer's elbow, a painful tendon condition at the inner elbow.

M77.1

M77.1 is the ICD-10 code for lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow), a painful overuse condition affecting the tendon attachment at the outer elbow.

M77.2

M77.2 is the ICD-10 code for periarthritis of the wrist – an inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the wrist joint, causing pain and restricted movement.

M77.3

M77.3 is the ICD-10 code for heel spur, a bony growth on the heel bone. It causes pain and is treated conservatively or surgically.

M77.4

M77.4 is the ICD-10 code for metatarsalgia – pain in the forefoot region. Learn about causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

M77.5

M77.5 is the ICD-10 code for plantar fasciitis, a painful inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot. It typically causes sharp heel pain, especially with the first steps in the morning.

M77.8

M77.8 is an ICD-10 diagnosis code for other enthesopathies, referring to disorders of tendon and ligament attachment sites at the bone not classified elsewhere.

M77.9

ICD-10 code M77.9 refers to enthesopathy, not otherwise specified (NOS). It describes painful changes at the attachment sites of tendons and ligaments to bone.

M79.1

M79.1 is the ICD-10 code for myalgia (muscle pain). It describes pain in one or more muscles without a clearly identified underlying disease.

M79.6

M79.6 is the ICD-10 code for pain in a limb. It covers pain in the arms and legs without a clearly identifiable underlying cause.

M84.0

M84.0 is the ICD-10 code for malunion of fracture. It refers to a bone fracture that has healed in an incorrect position or alignment after treatment.

M84.1

M84.1 is the ICD-10 code for a non-union fracture (pseudarthrosis). It describes a fracture that fails to achieve complete bony healing over an extended period.

M84.3

M84.3 is the ICD-10 code for stress fractures, also called fatigue fractures. They result from repeated mechanical overload and are common in athletes.

M84.4

M84.4 is the ICD-10 code for stress fracture, a bone break caused by repetitive mechanical loading rather than a single traumatic event.

M84.8

M84.8 is an ICD-10 code for other disorders of bone continuity. It is used when a bone structural disorder cannot be assigned to a more specific category.

M84.9

M84.9 is an ICD-10 code for an unspecified disorder of bone continuity and structure. It is used when a bone condition cannot be assigned to a more specific diagnosis.

M96.1

M96.1 is the ICD-10 code for postlaminectomy syndrome: persistent pain and neurological symptoms following spinal surgery. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

M99.0

M99.0 is the ICD-10 code for segmental and somatic dysfunction. It describes impaired function of spinal or other musculoskeletal segments, commonly treated with manual therapy or chiropractic care.

M99.1

M99.1 is an ICD-10 diagnosis code for the subluxation complex of the spine. It describes a functional misalignment of spinal joints that may cause neurological and musculoskeletal symptoms.

M99.2

M99.2 is an ICD-10 diagnosis code for subluxation stenosis of the neural canal. It describes a narrowing of the spinal canal caused by a partial displacement of a vertebra.

M99.3

M99.3 is an ICD-10 diagnosis code for osseous stenosis of the intervertebral canal. It describes a narrowing of the spinal canal caused by bony structures.

M99.4

M99.4 is an ICD-10 code for connective tissue stenosis of the vertebral canal – a narrowing of the spinal canal caused by connective tissue changes, which may lead to neurological symptoms.

M99.5

M99.5 is an ICD-10 code for segmental and somatic dysfunctions related to intervertebral disc disorders. It is used in manual medicine and orthopaedics.

M99.6

M99.6 is an ICD-10 diagnosis code for lesions of connective tissue and intervertebral discs. It describes degenerative or functional disorders of the spine.

M99.7

M99.7 is an ICD-10 diagnostic code for connective tissue stenosis of the vertebral canal, describing a narrowing of the spinal canal caused by connective tissue changes.

M99.8

M99.8 is an ICD-10 code for other biomechanical lesions. It refers to functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system that cannot be assigned to a more specific diagnostic category.

M99.9

M99.9 is an ICD-10 diagnosis code for an unspecified biomechanical lesion. It is commonly used in chiropractic and osteopathic medicine.

Maca

Maca (Lepidium meyenii) ist eine Wurzelknolle aus den peruanischen Anden, die seit über 2.000 Jahren als Stärkungsmittel verwendet wird.

Macadamia

Die Macadamia ist eine fettreiche, nahrhafte Nuss und gilt als eine der wertvollsten Nussarten der Welt.

Macrocyte

A macrocyte is an abnormally large red blood cell. Macrocytes can indicate nutrient deficiencies or underlying diseases and are detected through a blood count.

Macrogol

Macrogol is a laxative used to treat constipation. It works by retaining water in the bowel, softening the stool and making it easier to pass.

Macrolide Antibiotic

Macrolide antibiotics are a class of antibiotics used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. They are commonly prescribed for respiratory and skin infections.

Macronutrient Analysis

Macronutrient analysis measures the content of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in foods or diets. It is a key tool in nutritional science and dietary planning.

Macronutrient Balance

Macronutrient balance refers to the ratio of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the daily diet and is a key concept for maintaining a healthy and well-rounded nutritional intake.

Macronutrient Balancing

Macronutrient balancing refers to the systematic tracking and distribution of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the diet to achieve individual health and performance goals.

Macronutrient Formula

The macronutrient formula defines the ratio of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the diet, serving as the foundation for meeting individual nutritional energy needs.

Macronutrient Intake

Macronutrient intake refers to the daily consumption of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It forms the foundation of a balanced and health-promoting diet.

Macronutrient Optimization

Macronutrient optimization refers to the targeted adjustment of carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake to support health, physical performance, or body composition goals.

Macronutrient Profile

The macronutrient profile describes the distribution of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the diet. It forms the basis for a needs-based and healthy nutritional plan.

Macronutrient Ratio

The macronutrient ratio describes the proportion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in daily energy intake. It is a key factor in achieving a balanced and healthy diet.

Macronutrient Requirements

Macronutrient requirements describe the daily amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats the body needs. They vary based on age, sex, body weight, and physical activity level.

Macronutrients

Macronutrients are the three main nutrients -- carbohydrates, proteins, and fats -- that provide the body with energy and support vital physiological functions.

Macrophage

Macrophages are specialized immune cells that detect and destroy pathogens and foreign substances. They play a central role in the innate immune defense of the human body.

Macrophage Differentiation

Macrophage differentiation is the process by which precursor cells develop into specialized macrophages. These immune cells play a key role in fighting infection, inflammation, and tissue repair.

Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration is an eye disease in which the macula – the area responsible for sharp central vision – becomes progressively damaged. It is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults.

Macular Pigment

Macular pigment is a natural protective pigment located in the central area of the retina. It consists of lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin, and helps shield the eye from harmful blue light and oxidative stress.

Madelung Deformity

Madelung deformity is a congenital malformation of the wrist in which the radius bone grows shorter and curved, leading to a characteristic bayonet-like wrist alignment, pain, and restricted movement.

Magnesium

Magnesium is an essential mineral and an indispensable nutrient that is involved in numerous physiological processes in the human body.

Magnesium Absorption

Magnesium absorption refers to the uptake of magnesium from food into the bloodstream, primarily in the small intestine. It is essential for magnesium metabolism and overall health.

Magnesium absorption kinetics

Magnesium absorption kinetics describes how quickly and to what extent magnesium is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It depends on the form of magnesium, dose, and individual physiological factors.

Magnesium Absorption Markers

Magnesium absorption markers are diagnostic parameters that indicate how well the body absorbs magnesium from the gut. They help detect deficiencies and absorption disorders at an early stage.

Magnesium absorption optimisation markers

Magnesium absorption optimisation markers are diagnostic parameters that assess how well the body absorbs and utilises magnesium, helping to ensure an optimal magnesium status.

Magnesium absorption optimization

Magnesium absorption optimization refers to strategies that improve the uptake of magnesium in the body. Optimizing absorption ensures adequate supply of this essential mineral.

Magnesium Absorption Rate

The magnesium absorption rate describes what percentage of ingested magnesium is actually taken up from the intestine into the bloodstream. It is a key factor in determining how well the body is supplied with this essential mineral.

Magnesium balance analysis

Magnesium balance analysis evaluates the intake, distribution, and excretion of magnesium in the body. It is used to diagnose deficiency or excess states.

Magnesium balance control markers

Magnesium balance control markers are diagnostic parameters used to monitor the body's magnesium status. They help detect deficiency or excess at an early stage.

Magnesium Balance Measurement

Magnesium balance measurement assesses the intake and excretion of magnesium in the body. It is used to diagnose magnesium deficiency or excess.

Magnesium Balance Monitoring

Magnesium balance monitoring tracks the intake and excretion of magnesium in the body. It helps detect deficiencies or excess levels early and is essential in clinical care settings.

Magnesium bioavailability

Magnesium bioavailability describes how effectively the body absorbs magnesium from food or supplements. It depends on the magnesium compound used, dosage, and individual health factors.

Magnesium bisglycinate

The combination with glycine and magnesium creates an organic compound that can be easily absorbed by the body and helps to maintain a healthy energy metabolism and nerve function.

Magnesium bisglycinate therapy

Magnesium bisglycinate therapy uses a highly bioavailable, well-tolerated form of magnesium to treat magnesium deficiency and related health complaints effectively.

Magnesium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate is a chemical compound consisting of magnesium, carbon and oxygen. This inorganic compound occurs in nature, particularly in the form of minerals such as magnesite.

Magnesium citrate

Magnesium citrate is an organic magnesium compound that is characterised by its particularly high bioavailability, making it ideal for rapid and efficient absorption in the body.

magnesium daily requirement

The magnesium daily requirement defines how much magnesium the body needs each day. It varies based on age, sex, and individual health conditions.

magnesium deficiency symptoms

Magnesium deficiency can cause muscle cramps, fatigue, and heart palpitations. Learn about the key symptoms, causes, and treatment of low magnesium levels.

Magnesium gluconate

Magnesium gluconate is an organic compound in which magnesium is combined with gluconic acid.

Magnesium glycinate

Magnesium glycinate is a chelated form of magnesium in which the mineral is combined with the amino acid glycine.

Magnesium Homeostasis

Magnesium homeostasis refers to the body regulation of magnesium levels in blood and tissues. Balanced magnesium levels are essential for nerve function, muscle activity, and metabolism.

Magnesium L-Threonate

Magnesium L-Threonate is a unique form of magnesium that effectively crosses the blood-brain barrier, supporting cognitive health, memory, and brain function.

Magnesium lactate

Magnesium lactate is the magnesium salt of lactic acid. It is a readily absorbable magnesium compound that supports the acid-base balance and promotes muscle and nerve function and energy metabolism.

Magnesium Metabolism

Magnesium metabolism refers to the absorption, distribution, and excretion of magnesium in the body. Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in more than 300 enzymatic reactions.

Magnesium Overdose Symptoms

A magnesium overdose can cause serious symptoms. Learn which signs indicate too much magnesium in the body and when to seek immediate medical attention.

Magnesium Transporter

Magnesium transporters are specialized proteins that regulate the movement of magnesium ions across cell membranes. They are essential for maintaining magnesium balance in the human body.

Magnesiumascorbat

Magnesiumascorbat kombiniert Vitamin C mit Magnesium in einer magenfreundlichen, gut verträglichen Form – ideal für Immunsystem, Zellschutz und Energiehaushalt.

Magnesiumcarbonat

Magnesiumcarbonat ist eine anorganische Magnesiumverbindung mit säure-neutralisierender (antazidischer) Wirkung. Erfahre mehr über Vorteile, Einsatzgebiete und Unterschiede zu besser resorbierbaren Magnesiumformen.

Magnesiumchlorid

Magnesiumchlorid ist eine gut bioverfügbare Magnesiumform mit innerlicher und äußerlicher Anwendung – ideal für Muskelentspannung, Immunsystem und Zellschutz. Erfahre hier mehr.

Magnesiumhydroxid

Magnesiumhydroxid wirkt als Antazidum und mildes Abführmittel, ist jedoch für die Magnesiumversorgung nur bedingt geeignet. Erfahre hier alles über Anwendung, Wirkung und Grenzen.

Magnesiummalat

Magnesiummalat ist eine gut verträgliche, bioverfügbare Magnesiumverbindung mit energieliefernder Wirkung – ideal bei Erschöpfung, Muskelkrämpfen und zur Unterstützung des Zellstoffwechsels.

Magnesiumorotat

Magnesiumorotat ist eine besonders bioverfügbare Magnesiumverbindung mit positiven Effekten auf Herzfunktion, Zellstoffwechsel und Energiehaushalt – ideal bei Belastung und Herzproblemen.

Magnesiumoxid

Magnesiumoxid enthält viel elementares Magnesium, wird aber nur schlecht aufgenommen. Erfahre hier, wann es sinnvoll ist, und welche Vorteile und Grenzen diese Magnesiumform hat.

Magnesiumräuber

Magnesiumräuber erhöhen den Magnesiumverlust im Körper. Erfahre, welche Faktoren den Bedarf steigern und wie Du vorbeugen kannst.

Magnesiumsulfat

Magnesiumsulfat, auch bekannt als Bittersalz oder Epsom-Salz, wird medizinisch bei Magnesiummangel, Darmreinigung und Muskelentspannung verwendet. Erfahre hier alles zu Wirkung und Anwendung.

Magnesiumtaurat

Magnesiumtaurat kombiniert Magnesium mit Taurin – ideal zur Unterstützung von Herzfunktion, Nerven und Stressresistenz. Hoch bioverfügbar und gut verträglich für eine gezielte Anwendung.

Magnesiumthreonat

Magnesiumthreonat verbessert gezielt die Magnesiumkonzentration im Gehirn und unterstützt Gedächtnis, Konzentration und neuronale Gesundheit – besonders bei Stress und kognitivem Abbau.

Magnetic Field Therapy

Magnetic field therapy is a physical treatment method in which electromagnetic fields are applied to the body to promote healing processes and relieve pain.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body without using radiation.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Diagnostics

MRI diagnostics is a medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body – without the use of radiation.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive diagnostic method that analyzes the chemical composition of body tissues, revealing metabolic changes without surgery or radiation.

Magnetic Therapy

Die Magnettherapie ist ein alternativmedizinisches Verfahren, bei dem statische oder pulsierende Magnetfelder eingesetzt werden, um Schmerzen zu lindern und Heilungsprozesse zu unterstützen.

Magnetit (Fe₃O₄)

Magnetit ist ein natürlich vorkommendes Eisenoxid mit der chemischen Formel Fe₃O₄ und zählt zu den wichtigsten Eisenerzen weltweit.

Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT)

Die MRT ist ein strahlungsfreies Bildgebungsverfahren mit hoher Auflösung für Gehirn, Gelenke und innere Organe. Erfahre hier, wie die Magnetresonanztomographie funktioniert und wann sie eingesetzt wird.

Maintenance Dose

A maintenance dose is the amount of medication given regularly to keep a stable therapeutic drug level in the blood after the treatment goal has been achieved.

Maisonneuve fracture

A Maisonneuve fracture is a severe ankle injury involving a proximal fibula fracture combined with ligament and syndesmotic damage. Surgical treatment is usually required.

Major Basic Protein

Major Basic Protein (MBP) is a cytotoxic protein found in eosinophil granules, playing a key role in allergic reactions, parasite defense, and eosinophilic inflammation.

Majoran

Majoran ist ein aromatisches Küchenkraut, dessen Blätter frisch oder getrocknet zum Würzen von Speisen verwendet werden.

Malabsorption

Malabsorption occurs when the intestine cannot adequately absorb nutrients. It leads to deficiencies, digestive complaints, and various systemic symptoms.

Malabsorption markers

Malabsorption markers are laboratory values that indicate impaired nutrient absorption in the intestine. They help doctors detect malabsorption syndromes at an early stage.

Malaria

Malaria ist eine schwere Infektionskrankheit, übertragen durch Anopheles-Mücken. Symptome, Behandlung und wirksame Schutzmaßnahmen gegen Malaria im Überblick.

Malaria Symptoms

Malaria symptoms include high fever, chills, and headache. Learn to recognize the early warning signs of this serious infectious disease after travel to at-risk regions.

Malassimilation

Malassimilation refers to impaired processing and absorption of nutrients in the digestive tract. It includes maldigestion and malabsorption, leading to nutritional deficiencies.

Malic acid

Malic acid is a naturally occurring organic acid found in many fruits and plays an important role in the body's energy metabolism.

Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare, aggressive soft tissue sarcoma arising from the cells of the peripheral nerve sheath, often linked to Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

Malnutrition

Mangelernährung bezeichnet einen Zustand, in dem dem Körper über einen längeren Zeitraum essenzielle Nährstoffewie Eiweiß, Vitamine oder Mineralien fehlen oder unzureichend aufgenommen werden.

Malocclusion

Malocclusion refers to a misalignment of the teeth or jaws, where the upper and lower teeth do not fit together correctly. It can affect chewing, speech, and oral health.

Maltitol

Maltitol (E965) is a sugar alcohol used as a sugar substitute in reduced-sugar foods. It provides fewer calories than sugar and has a minimal impact on blood glucose levels.

Maltodextrin

Maltodextrin ist ein kohlenhydrathaltiges Polysaccharid, das durch enzymatische Hydrolyse von Stärke (meist aus Mais, Weizen, Reis oder Kartoffeln) gewonnen wird.

Maltose

Maltose, also known as malt sugar, is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules. It forms during starch breakdown and occurs naturally in malt, beer, and certain foods.

Mammary Gland

The mammary gland is a glandular organ of the female breast responsible for milk production. It is influenced by hormones and can be affected by various diseases.

Mandible

The mandible is the lower jawbone of the human skull. It holds the lower teeth and is the only movable bone in the facial skeleton.

Mandibular fracture

A mandibular fracture is a break in the lower jawbone (mandible). It most commonly results from trauma and typically requires medical or surgical treatment.

Manganese

An essential trace element that is involved in bone formation and energy metabolism. It supports antioxidant defence and wound healing.

Manganese Sulfate

Manganese sulfate is an inorganic manganese compound used as a mineral source in dietary supplements and the food industry.

Manifestation Index

The manifestation index indicates what proportion of infected individuals actually develop clinical symptoms of a disease. It is a key epidemiological measure.

Mannitol

Mannitol is a natural sugar alcohol used as a sweetener, pharmaceutical excipient, and osmotic diuretic in clinical medicine.

Mannose

D-mannose is a naturally occurring simple sugar (monosaccharide) that is closely related to glucose and is also found in small quantities in the human body and in fruits such as apples, cranberries, peaches and berries.

Manual

Manual therapy refers to hands-on treatment techniques used by therapists to relieve pain, restore movement, and treat musculoskeletal disorders.

Manual therapy

Manual therapy is a special form of physiotherapy treatment that deals with the diagnosis and targeted treatment of functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system

Manuka honey

Manuka honey is a special honey made from the nectar of the manuka plant (Leptospermum scoparium), which is native to New Zealand.

Maple Syrup

Maple syrup is a natural sweetener derived from the sap of sugar maple trees. It contains sugars, minerals, and antioxidants, making it a popular food ingredient worldwide.

Maraviroc

Maraviroc is an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV-1 infection. It blocks the entry of the virus into human immune cells and is used specifically against CCR5-tropic HIV-1.

Marburg-Virus

Marburg-Virus ist ein hochgefährliches Filovirus, das eine schwere hämorrhagische Virusinfektion verursacht, die als Marburg-Fieber bekannt ist.

Marcus Gunn Jaw Winking Syndrome

Marcus Gunn Jaw Winking Syndrome is a rare congenital condition in which jaw movements cause involuntary lifting of the upper eyelid. It is a neuro-ophthalmological abnormality present from birth.

Marcus Gunn Syndrome

Marcus Gunn Syndrome is a rare congenital condition in which a drooping eyelid involuntarily lifts when the jaw is moved, such as during chewing or opening the mouth.

Marfan Syndrome

Marfan syndrome is a genetic connective tissue disorder affecting the heart, eyes, and skeleton. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent serious complications.

Marigold

The marigold (Calendula officinalis) is a medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties that has been used in natural medicine for centuries.

Marionettenfalten

Marionettenfalten sind senkrecht verlaufende Falten, die sich von den Mundwinkeln in Richtung Kinn ziehen.

Marsupialisation

Marsupialisation is a surgical procedure used to treat cysts or abscesses by creating a permanent opening that allows continuous drainage.

Maryland bridge

A Maryland bridge is a minimally invasive dental prosthesis used to replace missing teeth without grinding down the adjacent teeth.

Mast Cell Activation

Mast cell activation describes the process by which mast cells of the immune system are triggered to release chemical mediators, causing inflammatory and allergic reactions throughout the body.

Mast Cell Activation Syndrome

Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS) is a chronic immune disorder in which mast cells are repeatedly and excessively activated, releasing inflammatory mediators that trigger a wide range of symptoms.

Mast Cell Degranulation

Mast cell degranulation is the process by which mast cells release inflammatory mediators, triggering allergic reactions and immune responses. It plays a key role in allergies, asthma, and anaphylaxis.

Mast Cell Stabilization

Mast cell stabilization refers to therapeutic strategies that prevent excessive mast cell activation, thereby reducing allergic reactions and inflammatory processes in the body.

Mast Cell Stabilizer

Mast cell stabilizers are substances that prevent the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells, thereby reducing allergic reactions.

Mast Cell Therapy

Mast cell therapy refers to medical treatments that target mast cells to control allergic and inflammatory conditions such as mastocytosis and MCAS.

Mastitis

Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast tissue that most commonly occurs during breastfeeding. It causes pain, redness, and swelling of the breast and can be triggered by a bacterial infection.

Mastitis Treatment

Mastitis treatment addresses inflammation of the breast tissue, most commonly during breastfeeding. Learn about causes, symptoms, and effective therapy options.

Mastoidectomy

A mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure on the mastoid bone behind the ear, used to treat infections or inflammatory conditions affecting the middle ear and mastoid region.

Mastoiditis

Mastoiditis is a bacterial infection of the mastoid bone located behind the ear. It most commonly develops as a complication of a middle ear infection and requires prompt medical treatment.

Mastopathie

Mastopathie ist eine gutartige, hormonabhängige Veränderung des Brustdrüsengewebes, die häufig mit Spannungsgefühl oder Knotenbildung einhergeht.

Matcha

Matcha ist ein hochwertiger, fein vermahlener grüner Tee, der in der japanischen Teekultur eine lange Tradition hat.

Mate

Mate is a traditional South American drink with stimulating, antioxidant and digestive benefits. Learn more about its natural ingredients and therapeutic uses.

Maternity Protection

Maternity protection refers to the legal safeguards for pregnant and breastfeeding women in the workplace in Germany. It covers employment bans, protection periods, and rights during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Maternity Record (Mutterpass)

The Maternity Record (Mutterpass) is the official prenatal care document issued to all pregnant women in Germany, containing key health data and examination results throughout pregnancy.

Matrix Space

The matrix space refers to the extracellular area between cells and tissues containing the extracellular matrix, essential for cell communication, nutrient transport, and tissue structure.

Maturation Hormone

Maturation hormones regulate growth and sexual development in the human body. Key examples include FSH and LH, which control puberty and reproductive function.

Maxilla

The maxilla is a paired facial bone that holds the upper teeth, forms the hard palate, the floor of the nasal cavity, and part of the orbital floor.

Maxillary fracture

A maxillary fracture is a break of the upper jaw bone (maxilla), typically caused by trauma or accidents. It requires immediate medical attention.

Maxillary Sinus Revision

Maxillary sinus revision is a surgical procedure to clean and treat the maxillary sinus. It is used for chronic inflammation, cysts, or foreign bodies in the sinus cavity.

Maxillary Sinusitis

Maxillary sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the maxillary sinuses. It causes facial pain, nasal congestion, and pressure behind the cheeks.

Maximum Lethal Dose

The maximum lethal dose describes the highest dose of a substance that does not yet cause complete mortality in an exposed group of organisms. It is a key concept in toxicology.

Maximum Performance Test

A maximum performance test is a diagnostic procedure used to assess the highest possible output of a system or organism under full load. It is applied in medicine and medical technology.

Mazdutide

Mazdutide is a dual GLP-1/GCG receptor agonist under clinical development for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. It mimics the action of naturally occurring metabolic hormones.

McCune-Albright Syndrome

McCune-Albright Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder affecting bones, skin, and hormone-producing glands. It is characterized by patchy skin pigmentation, bone abnormalities, and early-onset puberty.

MCH Value

The MCH value indicates the average amount of hemoglobin contained in a single red blood cell. It is a key parameter in blood tests used to evaluate and classify anemia.

MCHC value

The MCHC value (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) indicates the average haemoglobin concentration in the red blood cells (erythrocytes).

MCT oil

MCT oil, short for medium-chain triglycerides, is a special source of fat that is converted directly into energy without being stored as body fat.

MCV Value

Der MCV-Wert (Mean Corpuscular Volume) ist ein wichtiger Blutwert, der das durchschnittliche Volumen der roten Blutkörperchen (Erythrozyten) im Blut misst.

MDS

MDS (Myelodysplastic Syndrome) is a group of bone marrow disorders in which blood cell production is impaired, leading to an increased risk of anaemia and blood cancer.

ME/CFS

ME/CFS is a severe chronic illness causing extreme fatigue, cognitive impairment, and post-exertional malaise that significantly reduces quality of life.

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) measures the average amount of hemoglobin in a single red blood cell. It is a key blood count parameter used to diagnose and classify different types of anemia.

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration

The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) measures the average concentration of hemoglobin within red blood cells. It is a key parameter in complete blood count diagnostics.

Mean Corpuscular Volume

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) measures the average size of red blood cells and is a key blood test parameter used to diagnose and classify different types of anemia.

Measles

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection with potentially serious complications. Find out everything about symptoms, transmission, progression and the important vaccination here.

Measles Vaccination

The measles vaccination provides reliable protection against measles, a highly contagious viral disease. A two-dose schedule is recommended for children worldwide.

Measuring Cortisol

Measuring cortisol determines the level of this stress hormone in blood, urine, or saliva. The test helps diagnose adrenal disorders such as Cushing syndrome or adrenal insufficiency.

Mebendazole

Mebendazole is an anthelmintic used to treat worm infections such as roundworm, pinworm, and hookworm. It works by blocking glucose uptake in parasites.

Mechanics of Breathing

The mechanics of breathing describes the physical and muscular processes that enable inhalation and exhalation. It is the foundation of pulmonary ventilation.

Mechano Growth Factor

Mechano Growth Factor (MGF) is an isoform of IGF-1 that is released in response to mechanical stress on muscle tissue, promoting muscle repair and growth.

Meconium Ileus

Meconium ileus is a bowel obstruction in newborns caused by abnormally thick meconium blocking the small intestine. It is often the first sign of cystic fibrosis.

Media addiction

Media addiction is a serious digital addiction. Find out how it develops, which symptoms are typical and which paths can lead out of the addiction.

Medial Collateral Ligament Injury

A medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury affects the stabilizing band on the inner side of the knee, commonly caused by twisting or impact. Severity ranges from a mild sprain to a complete tear.

Medial collateral ligament sprain

A medial collateral ligament sprain is an overstretching of the inner knee ligament without a complete tear. It commonly occurs during sports and causes pain, swelling, and tenderness on the inner side of the knee.

Medial collateral ligament tear

A medial collateral ligament (MCL) tear is a knee injury caused by sideways force, often during sports. It leads to inner knee pain, swelling, and joint instability.

Medial Malleolus

The medial malleolus is the bony prominence on the inner side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the tibia. It stabilizes the ankle joint and is a common site of fractures.

Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome

Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS) is a common overuse injury causing pain along the inner shinbone, particularly in runners and athletes. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment.

Mediastinum

The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, located between the two lungs. It contains the heart, major vessels, esophagus, and trachea.

Medical Device

A medical device is an instrument, apparatus, or substance intended for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It is subject to strict regulatory approval requirements.

Medical History

A medical history is the systematic collection of a patient´s health background through structured questioning. It forms the foundation of every medical diagnosis.

Medicinal Mushrooms

Medicinal mushrooms such as Reishi, Shiitake and Cordyceps support immunity, reduce stress and enhance resilience. Discover their traditional and modern uses.

Medicinal plant

A medicinal plant is a plant whose active compounds are used to prevent or treat illnesses. They form the scientific basis of phytotherapy.

Medicinal Plants

Heilpflanzen sind Pflanzen oder Pflanzenteile, die aufgrund ihrer Inhaltsstoffe medizinisch wirksam sind.

Megalocyte

A megalocyte is an abnormally large red blood cell that appears in certain blood disorders. It is most commonly caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid.

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) is a common eyelid condition in which the oil-producing glands along the eyelid margins do not function properly, leading to dry and irritated eyes.

Melanoma

Melanoma is a malignant skin tumor arising from pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. It is the most dangerous form of skin cancer and requires early detection and treatment.

Melanotan

Melanotan is a synthetic peptide hormone that stimulates skin tanning. It is not approved for medical use and carries significant health risks.

Melanotan I

Melanotan I (afamelanotide) is a synthetic peptide that stimulates skin pigmentation and is medically approved for certain light-sensitivity disorders.

Melanotan II

Melanotan II is a synthetic peptide that stimulates skin tanning and is used as an unlicensed lifestyle substance. It carries significant health risks.

Melas

MELAS is a rare mitochondrial disease affecting muscles, the brain, and nerves. It is characterized by stroke-like episodes, muscle weakness, and neurological symptoms.

Melasma

Melasma is an acquired skin pigmentation disorder characterized by symmetrical, brownish patches on the face. It most commonly affects women with darker skin tones.

Melatonin

Melatonin is a natural hormone that is produced in the pineal gland of the brain and is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle.

Melatonin Regulation

Melatonin regulation refers to the body processes that control the production and release of the sleep hormone melatonin. It governs the sleep-wake cycle and is key to healthy sleep.

Meldonium

Meldonium is a drug originally developed to treat heart conditions. It affects fat metabolism and has been misused as a performance-enhancing substance in sports.

Melena

Melena refers to black, tarry stools caused by bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate evaluation.

Melperone

Melperone is an antipsychotic drug belonging to the butyrophenone class, primarily used to treat sleep disorders and agitation in elderly patients.

Membrana tensionis reciproca

The membrana tensionis reciproca is an osteopathic concept describing the reciprocal tension relationship of the cranial dura mater membranes between the skull and the sacrum.

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane fluidity describes the mobility of lipids and proteins within the cell membrane. It is essential for key cellular functions such as signal transduction and nutrient transport.

Membrane Potential

The membrane potential is the electrical voltage between the inside of a cell and its surrounding environment. It is essential for the function of nerve and muscle cells.

Membrane Structure

Membrane structure describes the molecular composition of biological membranes that surround every cell and perform vital functions throughout the human body.

Memory Performance

Memory performance refers to the brain´s ability to encode, store, and retrieve information. It is essential for learning, concentration, and overall cognitive health.

Memory Protein

Memory proteins are molecules in the brain involved in the formation and storage of memories. They play a key role in learning processes and synaptic plasticity.

Menaquinone

Menaquinone is the natural form of vitamin K2 and plays a key role in blood clotting, bone health, and vascular protection.

Meningeal Sheath

The meningeal sheath refers to the three protective connective tissue layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord: the dura mater, arachnoidea, and pia mater.

Meningioma

A meningioma is a usually benign tumor arising from the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It often grows slowly and may cause no symptoms.

Meningitis

Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes of the brain and spinal cord (meninges) that surround the central nervous system. It

meningitis vaccine

The meningitis vaccine protects against life-threatening inflammation of the brain membranes. Learn who should get vaccinated and which vaccines are available.

Meningococcal B Vaccine

The meningococcal B vaccine protects against infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B, helping to prevent life-threatening conditions such as meningitis and septicaemia.

Meniscal lesion

A meniscal lesion is damage to one or both menisci in the knee joint. It commonly results from twisting movements or wear and tear, causing pain and restricted mobility.

Meniscal resection

Meniscal resection is a surgical procedure in which damaged meniscus tissue in the knee joint is removed. It is most commonly performed minimally invasively via arthroscopy.

Meniscopathy

Meniscopathy refers to diseases or damage affecting the meniscus of the knee joint, causing pain, swelling, and limited mobility.

Meniscus articularis

The meniscus articularis is a fibrocartilaginous structure found in certain joints, acting as a shock absorber and contributing to stability and even load distribution.

Meniscus Injury

A meniscus injury is damage to the cartilage tissue in the knee joint. It is often caused by twisting movements or overuse and leads to pain, swelling, and limited mobility.

Meniscus repair

Meniscus repair is a surgical procedure to fix a torn meniscus in the knee joint, aiming to preserve the natural cartilage tissue and restore full knee function.

Meniscus tear

Ein Meniskusriss ist eine Verletzung des halbmondförmigen Knorpelgewebes im Kniegelenk, das als Stoßdämpfer zwischen Ober- und Unterschenkel dient.

Menopause

The menopause is a natural process in every woman's life. Find out all about symptoms, hormonal changes and holistic methods of support during the menopause.

Menopause Age

Menopause age refers to the point at which a woman has her last menstrual period. The average age of menopause is around 51 years, typically occurring between ages 45 and 55.

menopause symptoms

Menopause brings a wide range of physical and emotional symptoms. Learn which complaints are typical and when it is advisable to seek medical advice.

Menorrhagia

Menorrhagia refers to abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding. It can significantly impact quality of life and may indicate an underlying gynecological condition.

Menstrual Cycle Changes

Menstrual cycle changes refer to deviations in the normal female menstrual cycle. They may affect duration, intensity, or regularity and can indicate hormonal imbalances or underlying medical conditions.

Menstrual Pain

Menstrual pain refers to cramping lower abdominal pain that occurs during menstruation. It is very common and can be relieved through home remedies or medication.

Mental Disorders

Mental disorders are conditions that affect thinking, feeling, or behavior. They can impact daily life but are treatable with the right support.

Mental Stress

Mental stress refers to psychological demands placed on a person that can affect their well-being, performance, and overall health.

Mentale Gesundheit

Mentale Gesundheit beschreibt den Zustand des emotionalen, psychischen und sozialen Wohlbefindens.

Mentalization

Mentalization is the ability to understand one's own and others' thoughts, feelings, and intentions. It is fundamental to social interaction and mental health.

Mepolizumab

Mepolizumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat severe eosinophilic asthma and other eosinophilic conditions. It works by blocking interleukin-5, thereby reducing eosinophil levels in the blood.

Mercury

Mercury (Hg) is a naturally occurring heavy metal that exists in different forms.

Mercury Antidote

A mercury antidote is a medical countermeasure used to treat mercury poisoning. It binds the toxic heavy metal in the body and promotes its elimination through the kidneys.

Mercury Detoxification

Mercury detoxification refers to medical procedures used to remove toxic mercury from the body. It is applied in cases of mercury poisoning and includes chelation therapy and supportive measures.

Mercury Exposure

Mercury exposure occurs when the body absorbs mercury through food, air, water, or skin contact, potentially causing serious health damage. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment.

Mercury Marker

A mercury marker is a diagnostic laboratory value that measures mercury levels in blood, urine, or hair to detect mercury exposure or poisoning in the body.

Mercury Test

A mercury test measures the concentration of mercury in blood, urine, or hair. It is used to diagnose mercury poisoning and to assess exposure to this toxic heavy metal.

Mercury Therapy

Mercury therapy refers to historical medical treatments using mercury compounds. Today, mercury is classified as highly toxic and is no longer used therapeutically in modern medicine.

Merocrine

Merocrine describes a secretion type in which gland cells release their contents without any cell damage. It is the most common secretion method in the human body.

MERS

MERS ist ein schweres Atemwegssyndrom durch das MERS-Coronavirus mit hoher Sterblichkeit. Erfahre hier alles über Symptome, Übertragung, Risikogebiete und Schutzmaßnahmen.

Mesaxon

The mesaxon is a specialized membrane structure found in the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves. It connects the Schwann cell to the axon surface and is essential for proper nerve conduction.

Mesenchyme

Mesenchyme is embryonic connective tissue that gives rise to many body tissues and organs. It plays a central role in human development.

Mesenteric Artery Stenosis

Mesenteric artery stenosis is a narrowing of the intestinal blood vessels that reduces blood flow to the bowel, often causing abdominal pain after meals and digestive problems.

Mesogastrium

The mesogastrium is an embryonic peritoneal fold that suspends the stomach and guides its positional development within the body during fetal growth.

Mesomeric Effect

The mesomeric effect describes the delocalization of electrons in conjugated systems through resonance. It significantly influences the reactivity and properties of organic molecules.

Messenger Substance

Messenger substances are chemical signaling molecules in the body that transmit information between cells, organs, and the nervous system. They regulate vital functions such as mood, metabolism, and immune defense.

Metabolic Health

Metabolic health means all key metabolic markers are in a healthy range without medication – vital for preventing chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease.

Metabolic screening

Metabolic screening is a preventive diagnostic procedure used to detect inherited or acquired metabolic disorders at an early stage, often before symptoms appear.

Metabolic Syndrome

Das metabolische Syndrom ist eine Gruppe von Stoffwechselstörungen, die das Risiko für Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Typ-2-Diabetes und Schlaganfall erheblich erhöhen.

Metabolism

Metabolism refers to all chemical processes in the body that generate energy and sustain cell function. It is fundamental to health and overall well-being.

Metabolite

A metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism. Metabolites are formed during the breakdown or synthesis of nutrients and play a key role in the biochemical processes of the human body.

Metacarpus

The metacarpus, or palm of the hand, consists of five metacarpal bones connecting the wrist to the fingers. It forms the bony framework of the hand.

Metal Allergy

A metal allergy is an immune system hypersensitivity reaction to certain metals such as nickel, cobalt, or chromium. It most commonly presents as contact dermatitis.

Metamizole

Metamizole is a potent non-opioid analgesic used to relieve severe pain and high fever. It also has antispasmodic properties, making it effective for colic-type pain.

Metamyelocyte

A metamyelocyte is an immature precursor cell of granulocytes, a type of white blood cell, produced in the bone marrow. Its presence in peripheral blood may indicate infection, inflammation, or blood disorders.

Metastasis

A metastasis is a secondary tumor that forms when cancer cells break away from the primary tumor and spread to other parts of the body through blood or lymph vessels.

Metatarsus

The metatarsus (midfoot) consists of five long bones in the foot located between the tarsal bones and the toes. It forms the bony foundation of the forefoot arch.

Meteorism

Meteorism refers to an excessive accumulation of gas in the gastrointestinal tract, causing abdominal bloating and discomfort. Common causes include dietary habits and digestive disorders.

Metformin

Metformin ist ein orales Antidiabetikum und gilt als Standardtherapie bei Typ-2-Diabetes.

Methane

Methane (CH4) is a colorless, odorless gas and the simplest hydrocarbon. In a medical context, it is produced in the human gut and plays a role in digestive processes.

Methanol

Methanol is a highly toxic alcohol that causes severe poisoning upon ingestion. Even small amounts can lead to permanent blindness or death.

Methionine

Methionine is an essential amino acid that the human body cannot produce on its own and must obtain through diet. It plays a key role in protein synthesis, methylation reactions, and sulfur metabolism.

Methocarbamol

Methocarbamol is a centrally acting muscle relaxant used to relieve painful muscle spasms. It works through the central nervous system to reduce muscle tension and cramping effectively.

Methotrexate

Methotrexate (MTX) is a medication used to treat cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. It works by inhibiting cell growth and suppressing the immune system.

Methyl Groups

Methyl groups are simple chemical building blocks (CH3) that play a central role in gene regulation, metabolism, and overall health in the human body.

Methylation

Methylation is a biochemical process in which methyl groups are attached to DNA, proteins, or other molecules. It plays a central role in gene regulation and overall health.

Methylation Status

Methylation status describes the extent to which methyl groups are attached to biological molecules, especially DNA. It affects gene activity, cell health, and numerous metabolic processes.

Methylcobalamin

Methylcobalamin is a bioactive form of vitamin B12 that is essential in the body for the formation of red blood cells, DNA synthesis and neurological function. This form of the vitamin is particularly well absorbed by nerve cells.

Methylenblau

Methylenblau ist eine synthetische aromatische Verbindung mit vielseitiger medizinischer Anwendung.

Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol

Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol (MBBT) is an organic UV filter used in sunscreens that absorbs both UVA and UVB radiation, providing broad-spectrum protection against UV-induced skin damage.

Methylglyoxal

Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a chemical compound that is found in high concentrations in Manuka honey in particular and gives it its exceptional antibacterial properties.

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM)

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a naturally occurring sulfur-containing compound widely used as a dietary supplement for joint pain, muscle recovery, and inflammation.

Metophym

Metophym is a homeopathic preparation traditionally used to relieve musculoskeletal complaints and mild rheumatic conditions.

Metoprolol

Metoprolol is a cardioselective beta-blocker used to treat high blood pressure, heart arrhythmias, and heart failure. It slows the heart rate and lowers blood pressure effectively.

Metronidazole

Metronidazole is an antibiotic and antiparasitic drug effective against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. It is used to treat infections such as trichomoniasis, amoebiasis, and bacterial vaginosis.

Mevalonate Pathway

The mevalonate pathway is a central metabolic route in human cells that governs the biosynthesis of cholesterol, steroid hormones, and other essential biomolecules.

MFGM

MFGM (Milk Fat Globule Membrane) is a bioactive membrane structure found in breast milk and cow milk, playing a key role in infant brain development and immune function.

MGF

MGF (Mechano Growth Factor) is a growth factor released in response to mechanical stress on muscle tissue, playing a key role in muscle repair and growth.

Michaelis-Menten Constant

The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) is the substrate concentration at which an enzyme reaches half of its maximum reaction rate. It is a key measure of the affinity of an enzyme for its substrate.

Microatelectasis

Microatelectasis refers to the collapse of small areas of lung tissue. It commonly occurs after surgery or prolonged bed rest and can impair oxygen exchange in the lungs.

Microbial Load

Microbial load refers to the quantity and type of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses or fungi present in food, water, air or on surfaces.

Microbiology

Microbiology is the science that studies microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It forms the foundation of medicine, hygiene, and infectious disease research.

Microbiome

The microbiome influences digestion, the immune system and cell health. Find out why a healthy gut flora is essential for vitality, longevity and modern health care.

Microbiome Analysis

A microbiome analysis examines the community of microorganisms living in the gut. It provides insights into digestive health and can help guide targeted treatment of gut-related conditions.

Microbiome Regulation

Microbiome regulation refers to the balance of microorganisms living in and on the human body. A healthy microbiome supports immunity, digestion, and overall wellbeing.

Microbiome Sequencing

Microbiome sequencing is a modern diagnostic method that genetically analyzes all microorganisms living in or on the human body, providing key insights into health and disease.

Microbiome Test

A microbiome test analyzes the composition of gut bacteria to provide insights into digestive health. It helps identify imbalances in the microbiome at an early stage.

Microbiome Therapy

Microbiome therapy aims to restore or improve the microbial balance in the body to treat or prevent a range of diseases and health conditions.

Microcyte

A microcyte is an abnormally small red blood cell. Microcytes are commonly associated with iron deficiency anemia or inherited blood disorders and are identified through a complete blood count.

Microcytic Anemia

Microcytic anemia is a type of anemia in which red blood cells are abnormally small. It is most commonly caused by iron deficiency and presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath.

Microcytosis

Microcytosis refers to the presence of abnormally small red blood cells. It is commonly associated with iron deficiency anaemia or other blood disorders.

Microdialysis

Microdialysis is a minimally invasive technique used to continuously sample biochemical substances directly from living tissue, enabling real-time monitoring of local metabolism.

Microfracture

Microfracture is a minimally invasive surgical technique used to treat cartilage defects in joints. Small holes are drilled into the bone to stimulate the natural regeneration of cartilage tissue.

Microneedling

Microneedling ist ein minimalinvasives kosmetisches Verfahren, bei dem die Haut mit feinen Mikronadeln perforiert wird, um gezielt Regenerationsprozesse und Kollagenbildung anzuregen.

Micronutrient Combination

A micronutrient combination brings together several vitamins, minerals, or trace elements in one supplement to provide the body with essential nutrients it needs for vital metabolic processes.

Micronutrient Deficiency

Micronutrient deficiency occurs when the body does not receive adequate amounts of essential vitamins, minerals, or trace elements. It can cause a wide range of symptoms and seriously affect long-term health.

Micronutrient Formula

A micronutrient formula is a dietary supplement combining multiple vitamins, minerals, and trace elements in a single product to support the body's daily nutritional requirements.

Micronutrient infusion

A micronutrient infusion delivers vitamins, minerals, and trace elements directly into the bloodstream via an intravenous drip. It is used to correct deficiencies or meet increased nutritional needs.

Micronutrient Interaction

Micronutrient interactions describe how vitamins, minerals, and trace elements can mutually influence each other in terms of absorption, metabolism, and biological activity.

Micronutrient Status

Micronutrient status describes how well the body is supplied with vitamins, minerals, and trace elements. It is a key indicator of overall health and wellbeing.

Micronutrient Synergy

Micronutrient synergy describes how vitamins, minerals, and trace elements work together, mutually enhancing and optimizing each other´s biological effects in the body.

Micronutrient Synthesis

Micronutrient synthesis refers to the body's ability to produce certain vitamins and essential nutrients on its own. Learn which micronutrients the human body can synthesize.

Micronutrient Therapy

Micronutrient therapy uses vitamins, minerals, and trace elements in targeted doses to prevent and treat health conditions. It complements conventional medicine with an evidence-based approach.

Micronutrients

Micronutrients are essential nutrients that the body needs in small amounts to maintain a variety of vital functions. These nutrients include vitamins, minerals and trace elements.

Microsurgery

Microsurgery is a highly precise surgical technique performed under a microscope to treat tiny structures such as blood vessels and nerves.

Micturition

Micturition refers to the process of emptying the urinary bladder, commonly known as urination. It is a complex physiological process controlled by the nervous system.

Midazolam

Midazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine used for sedation, anesthesia induction, and seizure management. It produces anxiolytic, muscle-relaxant, and hypnotic effects.

Midbrain

The midbrain (mesencephalon) is a key section of the brainstem responsible for controlling movement, vision, hearing, and states of consciousness.

Middle Ear Effusion

Ein Paukenerguss bezeichnet die Ansammlung von Flüssigkeit im Mittelohr, genauer in der Paukenhöhle hinter dem Trommelfell.

Middle Ear Infection

A middle ear infection (otitis media) is an inflammation of the middle ear, most commonly affecting children and caused by bacteria or viruses.

Middle Ear Infection Symptoms

Middle ear infection typically causes ear pain, a feeling of pressure in the ear, and reduced hearing. It is especially common in children.

middle ear infection what to do

For a middle ear infection, pain relievers, decongestant nasal drops, and warmth can help. Learn what to do at home and when to see a doctor.

Midostaurin

Midostaurin is a targeted cancer medicine used to treat acute myeloid leukemia and systemic mastocytosis. It blocks specific enzymes that drive tumor growth.

Midwife with hospital admitting privileges

A midwife with hospital admitting privileges is a self-employed midwife who provides continuous care through pregnancy, birth, and the postnatal period using reserved beds in a hospital.

Migraine

Migraine is an attack-like headache characterised by recurring, usually one-sided, pulsating headaches.

Migraine aura

Migraine aura refers to transient neurological symptoms that occur before or during a migraine attack, lasting between 5 and 60 minutes.

Migraine Causes

Migraine is a neurological condition causing severe headaches. Its causes include genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors that trigger attacks in susceptible individuals.

Migraine with Aura

Migraine with aura is a neurological condition characterised by recurring headache attacks preceded by reversible neurological symptoms such as visual disturbances.

Migräne Symptome

Migräne äußert sich nicht nur durch starke, pulsierende Kopfschmerzen, sondern häufig auch durch vielschichtige Begleitsymptome.

Mikroplastik

Mikroplastik bezeichnet Kunststoffpartikel mit einer Größe von weniger als 5 Millimetern, die in der Umwelt weit verbreitet sind.

Milien (Hautgrieß)

Milien (auch Hautgrieß genannt) sind kleine, weiße, feste Erhebungen auf der Haut, die durch verstopfte Talgdrüsen entstehen.

Milk allergy

The milk allergy is a genuine food allergy in which the immune system overreacts to milk protein

Milk Fat

Milk fat is the natural fat component found in cow milk and other dairy products. It consists of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and provides important fat-soluble vitamins.

Milk Intolerance

Milk intolerance refers to adverse reactions to components of milk, most commonly lactose or milk proteins. Affected individuals experience digestive complaints after consuming dairy products.

Milk Let-Down / Milk Coming In

Milk coming in refers to the onset of breast milk production after childbirth. The breasts become full, firm, and warm – a natural process in the early days of breastfeeding.

Milk Proteins and Immunity

Milk proteins can influence the immune system in various ways – both supporting immune defense and triggering allergic reactions. Learn about their immunological role.

Milk Thistle Cleanse

Mariendistelkur bezeichnet eine zeitlich begrenzte Anwendung von Mariendistelextrakten, die zur Unterstützung der Leberfunktion eingesetzt wird.

Milk-Cereal Porridge

Milk-cereal porridge is a nutrient-rich complementary food for infants from around 6 months, combining milk and cereal to support healthy growth and development.

Millard-Gubler Syndrome

Millard-Gubler Syndrome is a rare neurological condition caused by a lesion in the pons of the brainstem, leading to ipsilateral facial nerve palsy and contralateral hemiplegia.

Miller Fisher Syndrome

Miller Fisher Syndrome is a rare neurological autoimmune disease. Learn about symptoms, causes, and how recovery can be supported.

Milz

Die Milz ist ein etwa faustgroßes Organ im linken Oberbauch unterhalb des Zwerchfells, das zur Gruppe der lymphatischen Organe gehört.

Mindfulness

Achtsamkeit beschreibt die bewusste, nicht-wertende Wahrnehmung des gegenwärtigen Moments: mit all seinen Gedanken, Gefühlen, Empfindungen und Reizen.

Mindfulness Meditation

Mindfulness meditation is a mental practice that involves intentionally focusing attention on the present moment. It promotes relaxation, stress reduction, and psychological well-being.

Mineral Acid

Mineral acids are inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or nitric acid. They are used in industry and medicine but can cause severe chemical burns upon contact.

Mineral Analysis

A mineral analysis measures the levels of essential minerals in the body, helping to detect deficiencies or excess levels at an early stage.

Mineral Balance

Mineral balance describes the intake, distribution, and excretion of essential minerals in the body. A well-regulated mineral balance is vital for overall health and normal bodily functions.

Mineral complex

A mineral complex is a supplement combining several essential minerals in one product. It supports vital body functions and helps to compensate for nutritional deficiencies.

Mineral Deficiency

Mineral deficiency occurs when the body does not receive adequate amounts of one or more essential minerals. It can lead to a wide range of health problems affecting energy, bones, and immunity.

Mineral Intake

Mineral intake refers to the daily consumption of essential inorganic nutrients through diet. Minerals are vital for bone health, muscle function, nerve signaling, and metabolism.

Mineral kinetics

Mineral kinetics describes how minerals are absorbed, distributed, stored, and excreted in the human body. It is fundamental to nutritional medicine and supplementation.

Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons

Mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOSH and MOAH) are complex mixtures derived from the processing of crude oil.

Mineral Synergy

Mineral synergy describes how different minerals work together in the body, mutually enhancing or complementing each other to optimally support health and bodily functions.

Mineral Water Analysis

A mineral water analysis examines the chemical composition of mineral water, including its mineral and trace element content, helping to assess water quality and health benefits.

Minimal Erythema Dose

The Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) is the lowest dose of UV radiation that produces a visible reddening of the skin. It is a key measure of individual UV sensitivity.

Minimally invasive

Minimally invasive refers to medical procedures performed with the least possible tissue damage. Small incisions or natural body openings replace large surgical wounds, promoting faster recovery.

Minoxidil

Minoxidil is an active ingredient used to treat hair loss and high blood pressure. Applied topically to the scalp or taken orally, it promotes hair regrowth effectively.

Miosis

Miosis is the constriction of the pupil of the eye to a diameter of less than 2 mm. It can occur naturally in bright light or be caused by medications, drugs, or neurological conditions.

Miotic

A miotic is a pharmacological agent that causes constriction of the pupil. Miotics are primarily used in the treatment of glaucoma to reduce intraocular pressure.

Mirtazapine

Mirtazapine is an antidepressant used to treat depression. It works by influencing neurotransmitters in the brain, helping to improve mood, sleep, and appetite.

Miscarriage Prevention

Miscarriage prevention includes medical and lifestyle measures aimed at reducing the risk of pregnancy loss. Learn about causes, risk factors, and treatment options.

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are essential for energy production and cell health. Find out how you can strengthen them with diet, nutrients and a healthy lifestyle.

Mitochondrial Biogenesis

Mitochondrial biogenesis is the process by which cells form new mitochondria or expand existing ones, playing a key role in energy production and overall cell health.

Mitochondrial Biogenesis Analysis

Mitochondrial biogenesis analysis examines the formation and proliferation of mitochondria within cells. It provides key insights into cellular energy metabolism, cell health, and mitochondrial diseases.

Mitochondrial biogenesis markers

Mitochondrial biogenesis markers are measurable biological indicators that reflect the formation of new mitochondria in cells. They are key tools in medical research and clinical diagnostics.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Mitochondrial dysfunction refers to impaired functioning of the mitochondria, affecting cellular energy production and linked to a wide range of serious health conditions.

Mitochondrial Energy Production

Mitochondrial energy production is the core cellular process by which mitochondria convert nutrients into usable energy in the form of ATP, powering virtually every function in the human body.

Mitochondrial Function

Mitochondrial function refers to the vital roles mitochondria play within cells, primarily generating energy as ATP. They are essential for metabolism, signaling, and overall cellular health.

Mitochondrial Function Analysis

Mitochondrial function analysis is a diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the performance of the cell´s energy-producing organelles. It helps detect mitochondrial disorders and metabolic diseases at an early stage.

Mitochondrial Health

Mitochondrial health refers to the optimal function of the body´s cellular powerhouses. Healthy mitochondria are essential for energy production, metabolism, and cell protection.

Mitochondrial membrane analysis

Mitochondrial membrane analysis examines the integrity and function of mitochondrial membranes, providing insights into cellular energy metabolism. It is used in diagnostics for fatigue, chronic conditions, and mitochondrial disorders.

Mitochondrial membrane optimization

Mitochondrial membrane optimization refers to targeted strategies that improve the structure and function of mitochondrial membranes to enhance cellular energy production and health.

Mitochondrial Membrane Potential

The mitochondrial membrane potential describes the electrical voltage across the inner mitochondrial membrane and is a key indicator of cellular energy production and overall cell health.

Mitochondrial membrane repair

Mitochondrial membrane repair refers to cellular processes that restore damaged mitochondrial membranes. It is essential for energy production and overall cell health.

Mitochondrial Regeneration

Mitochondrial regeneration refers to the renewal and restoration of mitochondria – the energy powerhouses of our cells. It plays a key role in overall health, vitality, and disease prevention.

Mitochondrial repair

Mitochondrial repair refers to the biological processes that restore damaged mitochondria within cells. Healthy mitochondria are essential for energy production and overall cellular health.

Mitochondrial stimulation

Mitochondrial stimulation refers to targeted measures that enhance the function and performance of mitochondria – the powerhouses of human cells responsible for energy production.

Mitochondrial Therapy

Mitochondrial therapy refers to treatment approaches aimed at improving the function of mitochondria, the energy-producing powerhouses of our cells.

Mitohormesis

Mitohormesis describes the process by which moderate mitochondrial stress signals promote health and longevity. A key biological protective principle relevant to aging and metabolic health.

Mitophagy

Mitophagy is a specialised process of autophagy that focuses on the targeted cleaning and regeneration of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria.

Mitral Regurgitation

Mitral regurgitation is a heart condition in which the mitral valve does not close properly, causing blood to flow back into the left atrium. It can place a long-term strain on the heart.

Mitral Valve Stenosis

Mitral valve stenosis is a narrowing of the mitral valve in the heart that restricts blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle.

Mixed connective tissue disease

Mixed connective tissue disease is a rare autoimmune disorder combining features of several connective tissue diseases. It affects joints, muscles, and internal organs.

Mizellen

Mizellen sind winzige, kugelförmige Strukturen, die entstehen, wenn sich amphiphile Moleküle, also Moleküle mit einem wasserliebenden (hydrophilen) und einem fettliebenden (lipophilen) Teil, in einer Flüssigkeit zusammenlagern.

Mizellenwasser

Mizellenwasser ist ein sanftes Reinigungsprodukt für die Haut. Es wirkt auf der Grundlage sogenannter Mizellen, das sind winzige Molekülaggregate aus Tensiden.

MK-7

MK-7 is a form of vitamin K2. The designation MK7 indicates a difference in the molecular structure from other vitamin K2 MK structures. It supports the correct distribution of calcium in the body.

MKS

Die Maul- und Klauenseuche ist eine hochansteckende Tierseuche bei Paarhufern. Erfahre mehr über Symptome, Übertragung, wirtschaftliche Folgen und internationale Bekämpfungsstrategien.

Mobilisation

Mobilisation refers to therapeutic measures aimed at restoring or improving physical movement and function after injury, surgery, or illness.

Mode (Statistics)

The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set. In medicine, it helps identify the most common measurements or findings within a patient group.

Modified Release

Modified release is a pharmaceutical technology that slows or controls the release of an active ingredient, maintaining a steady drug level in the blood over a longer period of time.

Modified Starch

Modifizierte Stärke ist ein industriell veränderter Stärkezusatzstoff, der aus pflanzlichen Rohstoffen wie Mais, Kartoffeln, Reis oder Weizen gewonnen wird.

Moist Wound Care

Moist wound care is a modern wound management concept that maintains a moist wound environment to accelerate healing, reduce pain, and minimize complications.

Molasses

Molasses is a thick, dark syrup produced as a byproduct of sugar refining from sugarcane or sugar beets. It is rich in minerals such as iron, calcium, and magnesium.

Mold

Molds are a group of microorganisms belonging to the fungi family, found almost everywhere in the environment.

Mole

A mole is a benign pigmented skin lesion caused by a local accumulation of melanocytes. Most moles are harmless but should be monitored regularly for any changes.

Mole Removal

Das Entfernen eines Muttermals (medizinisch: Nävus) ist ein dermatologischer Eingriff, der aus medizinischen oder ästhetischen Gründen erfolgen kann.

Moleküle

Moleküle sind die kleinsten Einheiten chemischer Verbindungen und bilden die Grundlage aller biologischen Prozesse. Erfahre mehr über Aufbau, Funktion und Bedeutung für Gesundheit und Ernährung.

Molkenhydrolysat

Molkenhydrolysat ist ein schnell verfügbares Protein mit hoher Bioverfügbarkeit – ideal für Muskelaufbau, sensible Verdauung und klinische Ernährung. Erfahre alles über Vorteile und Einsatzbereiche.

Molluscum contagiosum

Dellwarzen sind kleine, harmlose Hautveränderungen, die durch eine Infektion mit dem Molluscum-contagiosum-Virus verursacht werden.

Molybdenum

An essential trace element that serves as a cofactor for enzymes in the metabolism of amino acids and purines. It supports detoxification and energy metabolism.

Mometasone

Mometasone is a synthetic corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory properties, widely used for allergies, asthma, and inflammatory skin conditions.

Monk Fruit

Monk fruit (Luo Han Guo) is a subtropical fruit whose extract is used as a natural, calorie-free sweetener with a long history in traditional Chinese medicine.

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO inhibitors, MAOIs) are a class of antidepressants that block the enzyme monoamine oxidase.

Monoaminooxidase (MAO)

MAO steht für Monoaminooxidase, ein Enzym, das in Nervenzellen, Leber und Darm vorkommt und für den Abbau wichtiger Neurotransmitter wie Serotonin, Dopamin, Noradrenalin und Tyramin verantwortlich ist.

Monoarthritis

Monoarthritis is an inflammation affecting a single joint. It can occur acutely or chronically and has various causes including infections, gout, or trauma.

Monocytes

Monocytes are white blood cells that play a central role in the immune system. They fight infections and help regulate inflammatory responses throughout the body.

Monocytes absolute

Monocytes absolute refers to the measured number of monocytes per microliter of blood. This value is part of the complete blood count and provides important information about infections, inflammation, and immune system disorders.

Monogamous

Monogamous describes a relationship model in which a person is exclusively partnered with one other person. It is the most widely practiced relationship form worldwide.

Monozygotic

Monozygotic refers to twins who develop from a single fertilized egg. They are genetically identical and are commonly known as identical twins.

Monteggia fracture

A Monteggia fracture is a combined injury of the forearm involving a fracture of the ulna and a dislocation of the radial head. Prompt medical treatment is essential.

Montelukast

Montelukast is a prescription medication used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. It works by blocking leukotrienes, thereby reducing airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction.

Morbus Addison

Morbus Addison is a rare disorder of the adrenal cortex in which too few vital hormones are produced. It requires lifelong hormone replacement therapy.

Morbus Menière

Morbus Menière ist eine chronische Erkrankung des Innenohrs, die durch wiederkehrende Schwindelanfälle, Hörminderung und Tinnitus gekennzeichnet ist.

Morbus sudeck

Morbus Sudeck, also known as Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), is a chronic pain condition typically triggered by injury, causing severe pain, swelling, and limited movement.

Morbus Wegener

Morbus Wegener is a rare autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of blood vessels, primarily affecting the airways and kidneys. Early treatment is essential.

Moringa

Moringa oleifera, auch bekannt als Wunderbaum, stammt ursprünglich aus Nordindien und gilt aufgrund seines außergewöhnlichen Nährstoffprofils als eines der bedeutendsten pflanzlichen Superfoods.

Morning After Pill

Die Pille danach ist ein hormonelles Notfallverhütungsmittel, das eine ungewollte Schwangerschaft nach ungeschütztem Geschlechtsverkehr verhindern kann.

Morning sickness

Morning sickness is a common early pregnancy symptom involving nausea and vomiting, often occurring in the first trimester. It affects up to 80% of pregnant women.

Morning stiffness

Morning stiffness is the feeling of stiffness and reduced joint mobility experienced after waking up. It is a common symptom of rheumatic and other joint-related conditions.

Morphine

Morphine is a powerful opioid analgesic used to treat severe pain. It acts directly on the brain and spinal cord and is considered the gold standard in pain management.

Morris Point

The Morris point is a clinical pressure point in the right lower abdomen used to help diagnose appendicitis by indicating inflammation of the appendix.

Mortality Rate

The mortality rate indicates how many deaths occur in a defined population within a specific period of time. It is a key measure in epidemiology and public health statistics.

Mortierella alpina

Mortierella alpina is a soil-dwelling fungus recognized as a key natural source of arachidonic acid (ARA), widely used in the food and dietary supplement industry.

Motor Development

Motor development describes the process by which humans acquire movement skills, especially in childhood. It includes both gross and fine motor abilities.

MOTS-c

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial peptide that plays a key role in metabolic regulation, insulin sensitivity, and cellular stress response.

Mouches volantes

Mouches volantes are perceived opacities in the field of vision that appear as floating threads, dots, or cobwebs. They are most commonly caused by changes in the vitreous humor of the eye.

Mould allergy

Mould allergy is a hypersensitive reaction of the immune system to spores or components of moulds, which are primarily absorbed via the respiratory tract.

Mouse arm

Mouse arm refers to pain and discomfort in the arm, wrist, or shoulder caused by prolonged, repetitive computer mouse use. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment.

Movember

Movember ist eine internationale Gesundheitskampagne, die jedes Jahr im November auf die psychische und körperliche Gesundheit von Männern aufmerksam macht.

Moxonidine

Moxonidine is an antihypertensive drug belonging to the class of imidazoline receptor agonists. It is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).

Moyamoya

Moyamoya is a rare progressive cerebrovascular disease in which the major brain arteries narrow, increasing the risk of stroke in both children and adults.

MRI Knee

A knee MRI is a non-invasive imaging procedure used to produce detailed images of knee structures such as menisci, ligaments, and cartilage. It is radiation-free and highly accurate.

MRKH Syndrome

MRKH syndrome is a congenital condition in which the uterus and vagina are absent or underdeveloped. It affects females with a normal female chromosomal pattern (46,XX) and functioning ovaries.

mRNA

mRNA basiert auf Ribose-Zucker und dient als molekularer Bauplan für Proteine. Erfahre mehr über ihre Rolle in Impfstoffen, Krebstherapie und moderner Medizin.

mRNA-Impfung

mRNA-Impfstoffe liefern genetische Informationen zur gezielten Immunaktivierung – sicher, effizient & ohne Erbguteingriff. Alles zur Wirkweise, Sicherheit und Forschung.

MS Disease

MS disease (Multiple Sclerosis) is a chronic condition of the central nervous system in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers.

MS Symptoms

MS symptoms are diverse and can affect nerves, muscles, and senses. Learn which signs may indicate Multiple Sclerosis and when to seek medical advice.

MSM

MSM powder (methylsulfonylmethane) is a natural dietary supplement that supports joints, skin and connective tissue and has an anti-inflammatory effect.

MSM Warning

MSM Warnung bezieht sich auf mögliche Hinweise und Vorsichtsmaßnahmen bei der Einnahme von Methylsulfonylmethan (MSM).

MT-2

MT-2 (Melanotan II) is a synthetic peptide known for promoting skin tanning. It acts via melanocortin receptors and is not approved for human use in most countries.

mtDNA

mtDNA refers to mitochondrial DNA, the genetic material found inside mitochondria. It is inherited exclusively from the mother and plays a key role in cellular energy production.

mTOR (mechanistic Target of Rapamycin)

mTOR is a central enzyme (kinase) in human cells that regulates cell growth, metabolism, and cell division. It plays a key role in cancer, metabolic diseases, and the aging process.

mTOR Signaling Pathway

The mTOR signaling pathway is a central cellular network that regulates cell growth, metabolism, and division. It plays a key role in cancer, diabetes, and the aging process.

Mucin

Mucin is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein that forms the main component of mucus, protecting the mucosal surfaces of the airways, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs.

Mucosal Edema

Mucosal edema is a swelling of the mucous membranes caused by fluid accumulation in the tissue. It can affect the airways, digestive tract, nasal passages, and other areas of the body.

Mucosal Healing

Mucosal healing refers to the restoration of the intestinal lining in inflammatory bowel disease. It is a key treatment goal in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Mucosal Immune Response

The mucosal immune response is the immune defense of the body's mucous membranes against pathogens and foreign substances, protecting the gut, airways, and other mucosal surfaces.

Mucosal Immunity

Mucosal immunity protects the body surfaces of the gut, airways, and oral cavity from pathogens. It forms one of the most important defense systems in the human body.

Mucosal Irritation

Mucosal irritation refers to inflammation or irritation of the mucous membranes, such as those lining the mouth, stomach, or airways. It can be caused by chemicals, infections, or mechanical factors.

Mucosal Layer

The mucosal layer is the innermost lining of the gastrointestinal tract. It protects tissues, absorbs nutrients, and plays a key role in the body's immune defense.

Mucosal Permeability

Mucosal permeability refers to how easily substances pass through the intestinal lining. Increased permeability is linked to inflammation and various chronic conditions.

Mucosal Protection

Mucosal protection refers to mechanisms and treatments that shield the gastrointestinal lining from damage. It plays a key role in managing and preventing digestive disorders.

Mucositis

Mucositis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes, most commonly occurring as a side effect of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. It causes pain, redness, and sores in the mouth or gastrointestinal tract.

Mucous Membrane Inflammation

Mucous membrane inflammation, also called mucositis, is an inflammation of the mucous membranes lining various body cavities. It causes pain, redness, and swelling.

Mucuna pruriens

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume plant rich in L-DOPA, widely used in traditional medicine and as a dietary supplement to support neurological and hormonal health.

Mugwort

Beifuß (Artemisia vulgaris) ist ein altes und vielseitiges Heilkraut aus der Familie der Korbblütler.

Multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheaths of the nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord.

Multivitamin

A multivitamin is a dietary supplement that combines several vitamins, often supplemented with minerals and other micronutrients, in a single capsule or tablet.

Mumijo

Mumijo, also known as shilajit in some regions, is a natural resinous substance found in the mountains of Asia, particularly in the Himalayas.

Mumps

Mumps ist eine ansteckende Viruserkrankung, die vor allem die Ohrspeicheldrüsen betrifft und mit Fieber sowie schmerzhaften Schwellungen einhergeht.

Munchausen Syndrome

Munchausen syndrome is a serious mental health condition in which a person deliberately fakes or induces illness symptoms to gain medical attention and care.

Muscle Compartment

A muscle compartment is a connective tissue space enclosed by fascia, containing muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. Increased pressure within it can cause compartment syndrome.

Muscle contusion

A muscle contusion is a blunt muscle injury caused by direct external force. It causes pain, swelling, and bruising, but typically heals completely with proper care.

Muscle Cramps

Muscle cramps are sudden, involuntary contractions of a muscle or muscle group, often painful and short-lasting. They can affect anyone and have various causes.

Muscle Imbalance

Muscle imbalance refers to a functional disproportion between opposing muscle groups. It can cause pain, poor posture, and increased injury risk.

Muscle Inflammation

Muscle inflammation (myositis) is an inflammation of the skeletal muscles causing pain, weakness, and swelling. It can result from infections, autoimmune conditions, or other causes.

Muscle Pain

Muskelschmerzen (Myalgien) äußern sich als ziehende, drückende oder stechende Schmerzen in der Muskulatur und können lokal begrenzt oder den gesamten Körper betreffen.

Muscle Protein Synthesis

Muscle protein synthesis is the biological process by which muscle cells build new protein structures. It is essential for muscle growth, recovery, and strength development.

Muscle relaxant

Muscle relaxant describes the property of a substance or measure that relaxes skeletal or smooth muscle tissue and relieves muscle tension or spasms.

Muscle Soreness

Muskelkater ist eine Mikroverletzung der Muskelfasern, die nach ungewohnter oder intensiver körperlicher Belastung auftritt.

Muscle Strain

A muscle strain is a painful overstretching of muscle fibers without a complete tear. It is common in sports and causes sudden pain and restricted movement in the affected area.

Muscle strength

Muscle strength is the ability of muscles to generate force. It is essential for movement, posture, and physical performance in everyday life and sport.

Muscle Tear

A muscle tear is a complete or partial rupture of muscle fibers, often caused by overexertion or trauma. It causes severe pain, swelling, and restricted movement.

Muscle tone

Muscle tone refers to the natural resting tension present in muscles at all times. It is essential for posture, movement, and neurological health.

Muscles of Facial Expression

The muscles of facial expression are a group of facial muscles that control emotional expressions and essential functions such as speaking and chewing.

Muscular dystrophy

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited muscle diseases that cause progressive muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass, primarily affecting skeletal muscles.

Musculoskeletal

Musculoskeletal refers to everything involving the interaction of muscles, bones, joints, tendons, and ligaments. Disorders of this system are among the most common causes of pain and limited mobility worldwide.

Musculoskeletal system

The musculoskeletal system includes all structures that enable movement: bones, muscles, joints, ligaments, and tendons.

Musculus quadratus lumborum

The musculus quadratus lumborum is a deep back muscle of the lumbar region. It stabilizes the spine and pelvis and plays a key role in trunk movements and posture.

Muskelfaserriss

Ein Muskelfaserriss ist eine Sportverletzung, bei der einzelne oder mehrere Muskelfasern innerhalb eines Muskels reißen.

Mutagenesis

Mutagenesis refers to the process by which permanent changes occur in the DNA sequence of an organism. It plays a key role in cancer research, genetics, and biotechnology.

Myasthenia

Myasthenia, also known as myasthenia gravis, is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the transmission of signals between nerves and muscles is disturbed.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a bacterium that commonly causes atypical pneumonia and respiratory infections, especially in children and young adults.

Mycosis

Mycosis is a fungal infection that can affect the skin, mucous membranes, nails, or internal organs. Fungal infections are common and usually treatable.

Mycosis Fungoides

Mycosis fungoides is the most common primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, a rare skin cancer that progresses slowly and can affect the skin, lymph nodes, and internal organs.

Myelin

Myelin is a fatty protective layer that surrounds nerve fibers, enabling rapid transmission of nerve impulses. Damage to the myelin sheath can lead to serious neurological disorders.

Myelocyte

A myelocyte is an immature precursor cell of white blood cells produced in the bone marrow, playing a key role in the development of granulocytes.

Myelography

Myelography is a diagnostic imaging procedure used to visualize the spinal canal and spinal cord by injecting contrast dye into the spinal fluid space.

Myeloma

Myeloma is a malignant blood cancer originating in the bone marrow, where abnormal plasma cells multiply uncontrollably. It is one of the most common blood cancers worldwide.

Myelopathy

Myelopathy refers to damage or dysfunction of the spinal cord, affecting movement, sensation and organ control. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for recovery.

Myelosuppression

Myelosuppression is the suppression of blood cell production in the bone marrow. It commonly occurs as a side effect of chemotherapy or radiation therapy and can lead to serious complications.

Mykoplasmen

Mykoplasmen sind sehr kleine Bakterien ohne Zellwand, die beim Menschen Infektionen der Atemwege, des Urogenitaltrakts und anderer Gewebe verursachen können.

Myo-Inositol

Myo-inositol is a naturally occurring, vitamin-like substance that is often categorised as a B vitamin, although it can be synthesised by the body itself. It is the most common form of inositol found in plant and animal cells and plays a central role in cell metabolism, in signal transduction and in the regulation of hormones and neurotransmitters.

Myocardial Ischemia

Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced, causing oxygen deprivation that can lead to a heart attack if left untreated.

Myocardial Scintigraphy

Myocardial scintigraphy is a nuclear medicine imaging technique used to assess blood flow and function of the heart muscle. It helps detect coronary artery disease and areas of reduced blood supply.

Myofascial Pain

Myofascial pain is a chronic muscle pain condition caused by sensitive trigger points within muscle tissue. It commonly affects the neck, shoulders, and back.

Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Myofascial pain syndrome is a chronic pain condition affecting the muscles, characterized by sensitive pressure points known as trigger points that cause local and referred pain.

Myofascial Techniques

Myofascial techniques are manual therapy methods used to treat pain and dysfunction in muscles and fascia. They help restore mobility and support tissue healing.

Myokarditis

Myokarditis ist eine Entzündung des Herzmuskels, die häufig durch Viren ausgelöst wird und zu Herzschmerzen, Atemnot und Herzrhythmusstörungen führen kann.

Myokine

Myokines are signaling proteins released by muscle tissue during physical activity. They regulate metabolism, immune function, and inflammation throughout the body.

Myometrium

The myometrium is the middle, muscular layer of the uterine wall. It enables contractions during childbirth and plays a central role in the female reproductive system.

Myopathy

Myopathy is a disease of the skeletal muscles that causes muscle weakness and muscle loss. Causes can be genetic, inflammatory, or metabolic in origin.

Myopia

Myopia (nearsightedness) is a common refractive error where distant objects appear blurry. It is usually caused by an elongated eyeball or an overly curved cornea.

Myotendinous

Myotendinous refers to the transitional zone between a muscle and its tendon. Injuries in this region are common in sports and can cause pain and loss of function.

Mysophobia

Mysophobie, umgangssprachlich auch als „Keimangst“ bekannt, beschreibt die pathologische Angst vor Schmutz, Bakterien oder Kontamination.

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Excessive salivation

Excessive salivation, also known as hypersalivation or sialorrhea, refers to an overproduction of saliva. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

Elvanse

Elvanse is a prescription medication used to treat ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults. It contains the active ingredient lisdexamfetamine and belongs to the class of central nervous system stimulants.

Tamiflu

Tamiflu is an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent influenza (flu). It contains the active ingredient oseltamivir and helps shorten the duration of illness.

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