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Glossar: S
Do you have questions about specific symptoms or ingredients? Our glossary provides an A-to-Z guide to your health.
S
677 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryS-Acetylglutathion
S-Acetylglutathion ist eine bioverfügbare, oral stabile Form des körpereigenen Antioxidans Glutathion, das eine zentrale Rolle im zellulären Schutz, der Entgiftung und der Immunfunktion spielt.
S-Adenosylhomocysteine
S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is a natural metabolic byproduct formed during the methylation cycle. It serves as a key biomarker for cellular methylation capacity and cardiovascular health.
S-Adenosylmethionine
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is a naturally occurring compound found in virtually every cell of the body, playing a key role in metabolism and used therapeutically for joint health, liver conditions, and depression.
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe)
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is a naturally occurring compound found throughout the body, playing a key role in metabolism and used therapeutically for joint pain, liver conditions, and depression.
Saccharomyces boulardii
Saccharomyces boulardii is a dry yeast that is contained in medicines in freeze-dried form. Saccharomyces boulardii works exclusively in the intestine. There the probiotic active ingredient colonises the intestinal wall.
Sacroiliac Joint
The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) connects the pelvis to the spine. Problems in this area often cause lower back pain and can be effectively treated with various therapies.
Sacroiliac joint syndrome
Sacroiliac joint syndrome refers to pain originating from the sacroiliac joint, which connects the spine to the pelvis. It is a common cause of lower back and buttock pain.
Sacroiliitis
Sacroiliitis is an inflammation of the sacroiliac joint, connecting the sacrum and the ilium of the pelvis. It causes lower back pain and may indicate inflammatory conditions.
Sagittal Split Osteotomy
Sagittal split osteotomy is a jaw surgery procedure used to correct misalignment of the lower jaw, improving chewing function, speech, and facial aesthetics.
Sagittal Suture
The sagittal suture is a fibrous joint running along the midline of the skull, connecting the two parietal bones. It plays a key role in skull growth.
Salbutamol
Salbutamol is a short-acting bronchodilator used to relieve and prevent bronchospasm in asthma and COPD. It works rapidly to open the airways and ease breathing.
Salicylic Acid
Salicylic acid is a beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) known for its keratolytic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Salicylic Acid Derivative
Salicylic acid derivatives are chemical compounds derived from salicylic acid, widely used in medicine as pain relievers, anti-inflammatory agents, and in dermatological treatments.
Salidroside
Salidroside is a bioactive plant compound found in Rhodiola rosea (roseroot) with adaptogenic, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties.
Saline solution
Eine Kochsalzlösung ist eine wässrige Lösung aus Natriumchlorid und Wasser, die in Medizin und Pflege vielseitig eingesetzt wird.
Salivary flow
Salivary flow refers to the production and secretion of saliva by the salivary glands in the oral cavity.
Salivary Gland Inflammation
Salivary gland inflammation (sialadenitis) is an infection or inflammation of one or more salivary glands, commonly caused by bacteria, viruses, or salivary stones.
Salivary Glands
Salivary glands are glands located in and around the mouth that produce saliva, supporting digestion, oral hygiene, and speech.
Salmonella
Salmonella are gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family.
Salter-Harris fracture
A Salter-Harris fracture is a bone fracture in children and adolescents that involves the growth plate. Depending on the type, it may affect normal bone development.
Salutogenesis
Salutogenesis is a health concept that focuses on what keeps people healthy, rather than what causes disease – a perspective developed by Aaron Antonovsky.
Salvia (Sage)
Salvia, commonly known as sage, is a medicinal herb with a long history of use. It is applied for sore throats, inflammation, and excessive sweating.
Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease in which small clusters of inflammatory cells (granulomas) form in various organs, most commonly the lungs and lymph nodes.
Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia is the age-related progressive loss of muscle mass and strength. It increases fall risk and reduces quality of life in older adults.
Satiety Signal
A satiety signal is a biochemical or neurological signal that informs the brain that the body has consumed sufficient food, thereby ending the feeling of hunger.
Sato Staining
Sato staining is a specialized histological staining technique used to visualize collagen fibers in tissue sections. It is applied in pathology and biomedical research.
Savoy cabbage
Wirsing ist eine Kohlsorte mit gekräuselten Blättern, die als Gemüse in der Küche vielseitig verwendet wird.
Scabies treatment
Scabies treatment targets the scabies mite using creams, lotions, or tablets. Learn which therapies are effective and how to prevent reinfestation.
Scalp Psoriasis
Scalp psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition causing scaling, redness, and itching on the scalp. It is not contagious and highly treatable.
Scaphocephaly
Scaphocephaly is a skull deformity in which the head appears elongated and narrow due to premature fusion of the sagittal suture.
Scapula Fracture
A scapula fracture is a break of the shoulder blade, typically caused by high-energy trauma. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for full recovery.
Scapulothoracic
Scapulothoracic refers to the functional connection between the shoulder blade (scapula) and the rib cage (thorax), essential for shoulder mobility and arm elevation.
Scar Correction
Scar correction includes medical and aesthetic procedures aimed at improving the appearance of scars. The goal is better integration with the surrounding skin tissue.
Scar formation prevention
Scar formation prevention includes measures taken after injuries or surgeries to reduce the development of visible scars. Early treatment leads to significantly better skin outcomes.
Scar Massage
Scar massage is a therapeutic technique used to improve the mobility, elasticity, and appearance of scar tissue following surgery or injury.
Scar Regeneration
Scar regeneration refers to the process of restoring and improving scar tissue after injuries or surgery, aiming to restore normal skin structure and function.
Scar Therapy
Scar therapy covers a range of treatments aimed at improving the appearance and function of scars after injuries or surgery. The goal is to enhance mobility, reduce discomfort, and support overall well-being.
Scar Tissue
Scar tissue forms after injuries or surgery as part of the natural wound healing process. It consists of connective tissue and can affect the appearance and function of the skin.
Scarlet fever
Scarlet fever is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus).
scarlet fever symptoms
Scarlet fever is a bacterial infection causing sore throat, high fever, and a distinctive red rash. Learn how to recognize the key symptoms of scarlet fever in children and adults.
Schaftoside
Schaftoside is a plant-derived flavonoid glycoside found in various medicinal plants, known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Scheuermann
Scheuermann disease is a growth disorder of the spine occurring in adolescence, causing an increased thoracic kyphosis and a rounded back posture.
Scheuermann disease
Scheuermann disease is a growth disorder of the spine occurring in adolescence, causing an abnormal forward curvature of the upper back known as kyphosis.
Schilddrüsenunterfunktion
Die Schilddrüsenunterfunktion (medizinisch: Hypothyreose) ist eine häufige Stoffwechselstörung, bei der die Schilddrüse zu wenig Hormone produziert.
Schisandra
Schisandra (Schisandra chinensis), auch chinesisches Spaltkörbchen genannt, ist eine Heilpflanze aus der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin.
Schisandrin
Schisandrin is a bioactive lignan extracted from Schisandra chinensis berries, known for its liver-protective, antioxidant, and adaptogenic properties.
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a parasitic tropical disease caused by flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, primarily affecting the liver, intestines, and urinary tract.
Schizochytrium sp.
Schizochytrium sp. is a marine microorganism recognized as a natural source of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), widely used in dietary supplements and food production.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder affecting perception, thinking, and behavior. People with schizophrenia may experience hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.
Schleimhaut
Die Schleimhaut schützt Körperhöhlen vor Erregern und spielt eine zentrale Rolle bei Immunabwehr, Verdauung und Wundheilung. Erfahre mehr über Aufbau, Funktionen und medizinische Bedeutung.
Schleimpfropf
Der Schleimpfropf ist eine dicke, zähflüssige Schleimbarriere, die den Gebärmutterhals während der Schwangerschaft verschließt und das Eindringen von Keimen verhindert.
Schnappatmung
Schnappatmung (auch: Agonalatmung oder Agonieatmung) ist ein gestörtes, unregelmäßiges Atemmuster, das typischerweise bei einem schweren Sauerstoffmangel (Hypoxie) kurz vor dem Atemstillstand auftritt.
Schreyer Flotation Test
The Schreyer flotation test is a forensic-medical method used to examine the lungs of newborns in order to determine whether a child was born alive.
Schuessler salts
Schüßler-Salze sind biochemische Funktionsmittel, die auf den Arzt Wilhelm Heinrich Schüßler zurückgehen.
Schultze Staining
Schultze staining is a histochemical method used to detect cellulose and starch in plant tissue. It is widely applied in botany, food analysis, and pharmaceutical analytics.
Sciatic Nerve
The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the human body, supplying the leg with motor and sensory functions. Damage can cause severe pain, numbness, or paralysis.
Sciatica Symptoms
Sciatica symptoms include pain, numbness, and tingling along the sciatic nerve – from the lower back down through the leg. Learn about causes, diagnosis, and treatment.
Scleral Icterus
Scleral icterus is the yellowing of the white part of the eyes caused by elevated bilirubin levels in the blood. It is a common early sign of jaundice.
Sclerodemia
Scleroderma, also known as systemic sclerosis, is a rare autoimmune disease characterised by excessive production and deposition of collagen.
Scleroderma
Scleroderma is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes hardening and thickening of the skin and internal organs. It belongs to the group of rheumatic connective tissue diseases.
Sclerostin
Sclerostin is a protein produced by bone cells that inhibits new bone formation. It plays a key role in regulating bone metabolism and is a target for osteoporosis therapy.
Sclerotherapy
Sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat varicose veins and spider veins by injecting a sclerosing agent directly into the affected vessel.
Scoliosis Symptoms
Scoliosis symptoms include visible spinal curvature, back pain, and postural asymmetries. Learn how to recognize the signs and when to seek medical advice.
SDH Deficiency
SDH deficiency is a rare metabolic disorder in which the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase does not function adequately, leading to severe neurological and metabolic complications.
Sea buckthorn
Sanddorn ist eine orangefarbene Beere des Sanddornstrauchs, die wegen ihres hohen Gehalts an bioaktiven Pflanzenstoffen als Lebensmittel und Naturprodukt genutzt wird.
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Die saisonale affektive Störung ist eine Form der Depression, die vor allem in den dunklen Herbst- und Wintermonaten auftritt.
Seasonal Allergy
Seasonal allergy is an immune system overreaction to seasonal triggers like pollen. Common symptoms include sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes.
Sebaceous gland
Sebaceous glands protect the skin, but can lead to acne if they are overactive. Find out how you can regulate sebum production and inflammation holistically.
Sebaceous Gland Activity
Sebaceous gland activity describes how actively the skin sebaceous glands produce sebum. It significantly influences skin appearance and is closely linked to acne and oily skin.
Sebaceous gland biomarker
Sebaceous gland biomarkers are measurable biological parameters derived from sebum that provide insights into skin conditions and metabolic diseases.
Sebaceous Gland Biopsy
A sebaceous gland biopsy is a diagnostic procedure in which a small tissue sample is taken from a sebaceous gland and examined in the laboratory. It helps diagnose disorders of the sebaceous glands accurately.
Sebaceous gland ecological markers
Sebaceous gland ecological markers are biological indicators that characterize the activity and condition of sebaceous glands, aiding in the diagnosis and assessment of skin disorders.
Sebaceous Gland Ecology
Sebaceous gland ecology describes the interplay between sebaceous glands, the skin microbiome, and environmental factors. It plays a key role in skin health, acne, and the skin barrier balance.
Sebaceous Gland Ecology Markers
Sebaceous gland ecology markers are biological parameters that describe the functional and biochemical state of the skin sebaceous glands. They are key to understanding conditions like acne and seborrheic dermatitis.
Sebaceous Gland Function Test
The sebaceous gland function test measures the activity of the sebaceous glands in the skin. It helps diagnose conditions such as acne or seborrhoeic dermatitis.
Sebaceous Gland Hyperplasia
Sebaceous gland hyperplasia is a benign enlargement of the skin sebaceous glands, appearing as soft, yellowish papules typically on the face.
Sebaceous Gland Inflammation
Sebaceous gland inflammation is an inflammatory condition of the skin glands that produce sebum, often causing redness, swelling, and pain. It can lead to pimples, cysts, or abscesses.
Sebaceous Gland Inhibition
Sebaceous gland inhibition refers to the reduction of sebum production in the skin. It is a key therapeutic approach in the treatment of acne and oily skin.
Sebaceous gland inhibitor
A sebaceous gland inhibitor reduces the activity of the sebaceous glands and decreases sebum production in the skin. It is primarily used to treat acne and oily skin.
Sebaceous gland microbiome
The sebaceous gland microbiome refers to the community of microorganisms living in and around the sebaceous glands of the skin, playing a key role in skin health.
Sebaceous Gland Oil
Sebaceous gland oil, known as sebum, is the natural lipid secretion produced by the skin sebaceous glands. It protects the skin from drying out and has antimicrobial properties.
Sebaceous Gland Regulation
Sebaceous gland regulation refers to the control of sebum production in the skin. Hormones, diet, and skincare all influence how much oil the skin produces.
Sebaceous gland regulation markers
Sebaceous gland regulation markers are biological parameters that indicate the activity of the skin's sebaceous glands. They help detect overproduction of sebum in conditions such as acne or seborrhoea.
Sebaceous Gland Secretion
Sebaceous gland secretion, known as sebum, is the oily substance produced by the skin sebaceous glands. It protects skin and hair from drying out and forms a natural protective barrier.
Sebaceous Gland Secretion Analysis
Sebaceous gland secretion analysis examines the composition and quantity of skin sebum. It provides key diagnostic insights into conditions such as acne and seborrhoeic dermatitis.
Sebaceous Gland Stimulation
Sebaceous gland stimulation refers to the activation of the skin´s sebaceous glands, causing them to produce more sebum. It can be triggered by hormones, diet, or external factors.
Sebaceous Gland Suppression
Sebaceous gland suppression refers to the targeted reduction of sebum production in the skin. It is a key therapeutic goal in the treatment of acne and oily skin.
Seborrheic keratosis
Seborrheic keratosis, commonly known as age warts, are benign skin growths that frequently appear with advancing age. They are harmless but should be evaluated by a doctor if they change.
Seborrhiasis
Seborrhiasis is a chronic skin condition characterised by scaly, inflamed patches of skin. It commonly affects the scalp, face, and upper body.
Seborrhoea
Seborrhoea is a condition of excessive sebum production by the skin's oil glands, leading to oily skin and dandruff. It commonly affects the scalp, face, and chest.
Seborrhoeic Keratosis
Seborrhoeic keratosis is a common, benign skin growth that typically appears in middle-aged and older adults. It is harmless and non-contagious.
Seborrhoisches Ekzem
Das seborrhoische Ekzem ist eine chronisch-entzündliche Hauterkrankung, die vor allem talgdrüsenreiche Hautareale betrifft und mit Rötung sowie schuppigen Belägen einhergeht.
Secoisolariciresinol
Secoisolariciresinol is a plant-based lignan found mainly in flaxseeds, converted in the body into estrogen-like compounds with potential health benefits.
Second-Degree AV Block
Second-degree AV block is a cardiac conduction disorder in which some electrical impulses from the atria are partially or intermittently blocked before reaching the ventricles.
Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
Secondary hyperaldosteronism is a condition in which the body produces too much aldosterone, triggered by an external cause such as kidney disease or heart failure.
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is an overactivity of the parathyroid glands caused by persistent low calcium or vitamin D deficiency, most commonly associated with chronic kidney disease.
Secondary materials
Secondary substances (secondary plant substances) are bioactive compounds that plants produce to defend themselves against pests, protect against UV radiation or produce colour.
Secondary Osteoporosis
Secondary osteoporosis is bone loss caused by an underlying medical condition or medication use. Learn about causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Secondary plant substances
Secondary plant substances are natural bioactive compounds that are produced by plants but are not directly involved in growth or energy production.
Secondary Prevention
Secondary prevention refers to measures aimed at early detection of diseases before symptoms appear, enabling timely treatment and preventing long-term complications.
Secret tips for sciatica
Secret tips for sciatica can help relieve nerve pain effectively. Discover simple, evidence-based methods that really work.
Secretory IgA
Secretory IgA (sIgA) is the most important antibody found on mucosal surfaces. It protects the body at its first line of defense against pathogens.
Sedimentation
Sedimentation in medicine refers to the settling of blood components in a sample. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a key marker of inflammation.
Sedimentation Coefficient
The sedimentation coefficient describes how fast a particle sediments in a centrifuge. It is measured in Svedberg units (S) and is a key parameter in biochemistry and medicine.
Sedoheptulose
Sedoheptulose is a seven-carbon sugar (heptose) that plays a key role in the pentose phosphate pathway of human cellular metabolism.
Segmental fracture
A segmental fracture is a bone break in which a segment of bone is completely isolated by two separate fracture lines. It is a serious injury that often requires surgical treatment.
Segmented Granulocyte
Segmented granulocytes are mature white blood cells with a multi-lobed nucleus. They play a key role in defending the body against bacterial and fungal infections.
Segond fracture
The Segond fracture is a small avulsion fracture of the lateral tibial plateau and is considered a reliable indicator of an anterior cruciate ligament injury.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) are compounds that bind to estrogen receptors and act as agonists or antagonists depending on the target tissue.
Selective IgM Deficiency
Selective IgM deficiency is a rare immune disorder characterized by abnormally low levels of Immunoglobulin M in the blood while other antibody classes remain normal.
Selenoprotein
Selenoproteins are proteins that contain the trace element selenium in the form of selenocysteine. They play a key role in antioxidant defense and thyroid hormone metabolism.
Selenoprotein Deficiency
Selenoprotein deficiency occurs when selenium intake is insufficient, impairing vital protective proteins in the body. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
Selenoprotein kinetics
Selenoprotein kinetics describes how the body synthesizes, distributes, and degrades selenium-containing proteins. It is key to understanding selenium metabolism and health.
Selenoprotein kinetics markers
Selenoprotein kinetics markers are biochemical parameters that describe the metabolism and turnover rate of selenoproteins in the body, used to assess functional selenium status.
Selenoprotein optimization
Selenoprotein optimization refers to the targeted support of the body's own selenoprotein synthesis through adequate selenium intake for health and metabolism.
Selenoprotein P
Selenoprotein P is a selenium-containing transport protein produced in the liver that distributes selenium throughout the body. It is considered the most reliable biomarker for selenium status.
Selenoprotein Profile
The selenoprotein profile describes the full set of selenium-dependent proteins in the human body, providing insight into functional selenium status and selenium-dependent metabolic processes.
Self-acceptance
Self-acceptance is the ability to embrace oneself with all strengths and weaknesses. It is a key foundation for mental health and overall well-being.
Self-disclosure
Self-disclosure refers to the part of a message in which the sender reveals personal information about themselves. It is a key concept in communication psychology, therapy, and doctor-patient interaction.
Self-efficacy
Self-efficacy refers to a person's belief in their own ability to successfully manage difficult situations and challenges through their own actions.
Self-esteem
Self-esteem refers to how positively or negatively a person evaluates themselves. A healthy self-esteem is essential for mental well-being and quality of life.
Self-Management
Self-management refers to the ability to actively control one's own health. It includes strategies for coping with chronic illnesses in everyday life.
Sellick Maneuver
The Sellick maneuver is a technique used in anesthesia where pressure is applied to the cricoid cartilage to prevent aspiration of stomach contents during intubation.
Semaglutide
Semaglutide is an active ingredient used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. It mimics the gut hormone GLP-1 to regulate blood sugar and body weight.
Semi-Recumbent Position
The semi-recumbent position is a body posture in which the upper body is elevated at an angle of 30 to 60 degrees. It is widely used in nursing care and medicine.
Semiconservative
Semiconservative describes the mode of DNA replication in which each daughter molecule retains one original parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.
Semimembranosus tendinopathy
Semimembranosus tendinopathy is a painful condition affecting the tendon of the semimembranosus muscle at the back of the thigh. It commonly occurs in athletes and causes pain at the posterior inner knee.
Senescence
Senescence is the biological process by which cells permanently stop dividing. It plays a key role in aging and the development of age-related diseases.
Senolytics
Senolytics are compounds that selectively eliminate senescent cells from the body, helping to slow down aging and reduce the burden of age-related diseases.
Sense Organ
Sense organs are specialized body structures that detect stimuli from the environment and transmit them to the brain, enabling sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.
Sensitization
Sensitization is the process by which the immune system develops a specific response to a substance, making the body susceptible to allergic reactions upon future exposure.
Sensorimotor system
The sensorimotor system describes the interaction between sensory perception and motor control in the human body. It is essential for coordinated movement and motor learning.
Sensory Cell
Sensory cells are specialized cells in the human body that detect stimuli from the environment and convert them into nerve impulses, forming the basis of all sensory perception.
Sensory Disturbance
A sensory disturbance is an altered or impaired perception of touch, pain, or temperature stimuli. It may present as numbness, tingling, or abnormal sensations in various parts of the body.
Sensory Perception
Sensory perception refers to the ability of the nervous system to detect, transmit, and process stimuli from the environment and the body. It forms the basis for touch, pain, and temperature sensation.
Sensory Processing
Sensory processing describes how the nervous system receives, filters, and interprets sensory information. Disorders in this area can significantly affect daily life and well-being.
Sensory system
The sensory system refers to the body's ability to detect, transmit, and process stimuli from the environment and from within. It is fundamental to perception, movement, and overall health.
Septal Deviation
A septal deviation is a crooked or displaced nasal septum that can cause breathing difficulties. It may be present from birth or result from injury.
Septic Arthritis
Septic arthritis is a serious joint infection caused by bacteria or other pathogens, classified as a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.
Septum oesophagotracheale
The septum oesophagotracheale is an embryonic dividing wall that separates the esophagus from the trachea during fetal development. Malformations can lead to life-threatening connections between these two structures.
Sequence-based diagnostics
Sequence-based diagnostics analyzes the DNA or RNA sequence of an organism to detect diseases, identify pathogens, and precisely characterize genetic alterations.
Sermorelin
Sermorelin is a synthetic peptide that stimulates the release of growth hormone. It is used medically to diagnose and treat growth hormone deficiency.
Seronegative Arthritis
Seronegative arthritis is a form of inflammatory joint disease in which typical blood markers such as rheumatoid factor are absent, yet joint inflammation persists.
Seropositive Arthritis
Seropositive arthritis is a form of inflammatory joint disease in which specific antibodies are detectable in the blood, such as rheumatoid factor or anti-CCP antibodies.
Serotonergic
Serotonergic refers to anything related to the neurotransmitter serotonin, including nerve pathways, receptors, and medications that influence the serotonin system.
Serotonin Deficiency Syndrome
Serotonin Deficiency Syndrome describes a condition in which the body does not produce enough serotonin, potentially leading to mood disorders, sleep disturbances, and depression.
Serotonin Metabolism
Serotonin metabolism describes the production, function, and breakdown of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the body. It plays a key role in mood, sleep, digestion, and many other vital processes.
Sertraline
Sertraline is a prescription antidepressant belonging to the SSRI class, widely used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and other mental health conditions.
Serum Albumin
Serum albumin is the most abundant protein in human blood plasma, playing a vital role in transport and fluid balance. Low levels may indicate liver, kidney, or nutritional disorders.
Serum Ferritin
Serum ferritin is a blood test that reflects the body's iron stores. It is used to diagnose iron deficiency or iron overload.
Serum Ferritin Marker
The serum ferritin marker is a laboratory value that reflects the body´s iron storage status. It is used to diagnose iron deficiency or iron overload.
Serum ferritin optimization
Serum ferritin optimization refers to targeted measures aimed at adjusting the ferritin level in the blood to an optimal range for health and well-being.
Serum ferritin status
The serum ferritin status reflects the measured ferritin level in the blood and provides insight into the body's iron stores. It is a key diagnostic marker for iron deficiency or iron overload.
Serum Glucose
Serum glucose refers to the concentration of glucose in the blood serum. It is a key laboratory value used to diagnose and monitor diabetes mellitus and metabolic disorders.
Serum Homocysteine
Serum homocysteine refers to the concentration of the amino acid homocysteine in the blood. Elevated levels are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular and neurological diseases.
Serum Homocysteine Level
The serum homocysteine level measures the concentration of the amino acid homocysteine in the blood. Elevated levels are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and neurological disorders.
Serum Iron
Serum iron refers to the concentration of iron measured in the liquid portion of the blood. It is a key laboratory marker used to diagnose iron deficiency or iron overload.
Serum Lactate Measurement
Serum lactate measurement determines the lactate level in the blood and is used to detect oxygen deficiency, shock, or severe metabolic disorders.
Serum Lipid Analysis
Serum lipid analysis is a blood test that measures blood fat levels such as cholesterol and triglycerides. It is used to assess cardiovascular risk and detect lipid disorders early.
Serum Lipid Profile
A serum lipid profile is a blood test that measures fat levels such as cholesterol and triglycerides. It is used to assess cardiovascular risk.
Serum Protein
Serum proteins are protein molecules dissolved in blood serum that perform vital functions including transport, immune defense, and blood clotting. Their levels reflect nutritional status and organ health.
Serum Protein Analysis
Serum protein analysis is a laboratory method used to measure and separate the protein fractions in blood serum. It provides key diagnostic insights into liver disease, inflammation, immune disorders, and malignancies.
Serum Protein Markers
Serum protein markers are proteins found in blood serum that serve as diagnostic indicators for diseases, inflammation, or organ function.
Serum zinc analysis
Serum zinc analysis is a blood test used to measure zinc levels in the serum. It helps diagnose zinc deficiency or zinc toxicity and is essential for assessing zinc metabolism.
Serum Zinc Level
The serum zinc level measures the concentration of zinc in the blood serum and is used to diagnose zinc deficiency or zinc excess. It is a key laboratory parameter in nutritional and metabolic medicine.
Severe sore throat
A severe sore throat involves intense pain in the throat area and can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, inflammation, or other irritants.
Sevoflurane
Sevoflurane is an inhaled anesthetic used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It acts rapidly and is well tolerated by patients of all ages.
Sex Hormone
Sex hormones are naturally produced chemical messengers that regulate sexual development, reproduction, and many vital body functions. The most important include estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections passed primarily through sexual contact. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications.
SGLT2 inhibitors
SGLT2 inhibitors are medications used to treat type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. They lower blood sugar by acting on the kidneys.
Shaking trauma
Shaken baby syndrome is a severe form of child abuse in which an infant or toddler is shaken violently.
Sherren Triangle
The Sherren triangle is a clinical sign used in the diagnosis of appendicitis. It marks a triangular area of tenderness in the right lower abdomen indicating potential inflammation of the appendix.
Shin splints
Shin splints is a common overuse injury causing pain along the inner edge of the shinbone, frequently affecting runners and athletes. It is also known as medial tibial stress syndrome.
Shingles Vaccine
Die Gürtelrose-Impfung schützt vor einer Erkrankung durch das Varizella-Zoster-Virus, das nach einer überstandenen Windpockeninfektion im Nervensystem verbleibt und später als Gürtelrose (Herpes zoster) reaktiviert werden kann.
Short Bowel Syndrome
Short bowel syndrome occurs after the loss of a large portion of the small intestine, leading to serious malabsorption of nutrients, fluids, and vitamins.
Short Cognitive Performance Test
The Short Cognitive Performance Test (SKT) is a neuropsychological assessment tool used to evaluate memory and attention deficits, commonly applied in the diagnosis and monitoring of dementia.
Short-Chain Fatty Acids
Short-chain fatty acids are natural metabolic byproducts produced in the gut through bacterial fermentation and play a key role in digestive and overall health.
Short-sightedness
Short-sightedness (myopia) is a common refractive error in which distant objects appear blurry. It occurs when the eye focuses light in front of the retina instead of directly on it.
Shortness of Breath
Shortness of breath (dyspnea) is the feeling of not getting enough air. It can indicate conditions affecting the lungs, heart, or other organ systems.
Shoulder arm syndrome
Shoulder arm syndrome describes pain radiating from the cervical spine into the shoulder and arm, often caused by nerve irritation or herniated discs.
Shoulder Dislocation
A shoulder dislocation occurs when the head of the upper arm bone is forced out of the shoulder socket. It is the most common joint dislocation. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
Shoulder Girdle
The shoulder girdle connects the arm to the trunk and enables a wide range of movement. Learn about its structure, function, and common musculoskeletal issues.
Shoulder Joint
The shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the body but also prone to injury. Learn more about its anatomy, common conditions and exercises for stability.
Shoulder Pain
Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints, caused by injuries, inflammation, or wear and tear. It can significantly limit mobility and quality of life.
Shoulder prosthesis
A shoulder prosthesis replaces the damaged shoulder joint fully or partially with an artificial implant, relieving pain and restoring mobility.
Shoulder Tendon Tear
A shoulder tendon tear is a partial or complete rupture of one or more tendons in the shoulder, most commonly affecting the rotator cuff. It causes pain and limited range of motion.
SI Joint Blockage
An SI joint blockage is a functional restriction of the sacroiliac joint causing lower back pain. It is common and responds well to treatment.
SI joint syndrome
SI joint syndrome refers to pain and dysfunction of the sacroiliac joint. It is one of the most common causes of lower back and buttock pain.
Sialorrhea
Sialorrhea refers to excessive drooling or the inability to control saliva in the mouth. It is often linked to neurological conditions and can significantly affect quality of life.
Sickle Cell
Sickle cells are abnormally shaped red blood cells that occur in sickle cell disease and can obstruct blood flow throughout the body.
Sickle cell anaemia
Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic blood disorder in which the red blood cells take on an abnormal shape.
Sideroblastic Disorder
A sideroblastic disorder is a condition in which the bone marrow cannot properly incorporate iron into hemoglobin, leading to ring sideroblasts and a specific form of anemia.
Sideropenia
Sideropenia refers to an iron deficiency in the body. It can cause fatigue, pallor, and difficulty concentrating, and is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide.
Siebenschläfer
The Siebenschlafer (June 27) is a traditional German weather rule predicting summer weather. It also refers to a rodent and an ancient Christian legend. Learn more here.
Sigmoid diverticulitis
Sigmoid diverticulitis is an inflammation of small pouches in the sigmoid colon, the last section of the large intestine. It typically causes pain in the lower left abdomen and requires medical treatment.
Significant
Significant in medicine and science describes a result that is statistically meaningful and unlikely to have occurred by chance alone.
Signs of Degeneration
Signs of degeneration are clinical or imaging findings that indicate the breakdown of tissues or structures in the body. They often occur due to aging or chronic mechanical stress.
Signs of Dehydration
Signs of dehydration are physical indicators that the body lacks sufficient fluids. They range from mild dry mouth to severe confusion and loss of consciousness.
signs of heart attack
Recognizing the signs of a heart attack can save lives. Common symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and pain radiating to the arm. Learn more now.
Signs of Pneumonia
Signs of pneumonia include cough, fever, and shortness of breath. Early recognition of symptoms is essential for prompt and effective treatment.
Signs of Vagotonia
Signs of vagotonia are physical indicators of increased parasympathetic nervous system activity. They affect heart rate, digestion, and other body functions.
Sildenafil
Sildenafil is a prescription medication used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. It works by relaxing blood vessels and improving blood flow.
Silent Inflammation
Silent inflammation, also known as "silent inflammation", refers to a chronic subliminal inflammatory reaction in the body that usually goes unnoticed - but contributes massively to the development of many diseases of civilisation
Silent reflux
Silent reflux (LPR) is a form of reflux where stomach acid rises into the throat without causing typical heartburn symptoms.
Silicon Dioxide
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2, E551) is a naturally occurring inorganic compound widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications as an anti-caking agent and carrier substance.
Silychristin
Silychristin is a natural plant compound found in milk thistle and belongs to the silymarin group of flavonolignans. It exerts hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects.
Silydianin
Silydianin is a naturally occurring plant compound from milk thistle and belongs to the group of flavonolignans. It has antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties.
Simethicone
Simethicone is an antifoaming agent used to relieve bloating, gas, and a feeling of fullness by breaking up gas bubbles in the digestive tract.
Simultaneous
Simultaneous refers to events or processes occurring at the same time. In medicine, it describes concurrent diagnoses, treatments, or procedures, playing a key role in combination therapies and multimorbidity management.
Simultaneous Vaccination
Simultaneous vaccination refers to the concurrent administration of active and passive immunization against the same disease, such as rabies or tetanus, for immediate and long-term protection.
Simvastatin
Simvastatin is a prescription medication used to lower elevated cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Syndrome
Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Syndrome is a painful overuse condition at the lower pole of the kneecap in children and adolescents, commonly triggered by repetitive sports activity.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a common genetic variation where a single nucleotide differs at a specific position in the genome. SNPs influence disease risk and medication responses.
Single-Cell Therapy
Single-cell therapy is a complementary health concept in which living single-celled organisms – mainly microalgae or bacteria – are used to support health and well-being.
sinupret forte
Sinupret forte is a herbal medicinal product used to treat acute and chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (sinusitis). It helps liquefy mucus and supports normal sinus drainage.
Sinus Arrhythmia
Sinus arrhythmia is an irregular heart rate originating from the sinus node, most commonly linked to breathing. It is generally considered a normal, harmless physiological finding.
Sinus floor augmentation
Sinus floor augmentation is a surgical procedure to build up bone in the upper jaw, enabling the safe placement of dental implants in the posterior maxilla.
Sinus lift
A sinus lift is a surgical procedure to augment bone in the upper jaw, performed to create sufficient bone volume for dental implant placement.
Sinuses Blocked but Nose Clear
Blocked sinuses with a clear nose are a common phenomenon. Causes may include inflammation, allergies, or anatomical factors. Learn more here.
Sinusitis Home Remedies
Home remedies for sinusitis can help relieve pressure, pain, and congestion. Discover natural methods that support recovery alongside medical treatment.
Sitagliptin
Sitagliptin is an oral antidiabetic drug belonging to the DPP-4 inhibitor class, used to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Sitkowski Sign
The Sitkowski sign is a clinical examination finding used when appendicitis is suspected. It is positive when the patient experiences right lower quadrant pain upon being turned to the left side.
Sitosterolemia
Sitosterolemia is a rare inherited metabolic disorder in which plant sterols (phytosterols) accumulate in the blood and tissues, significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Situationship
A situationship is a romantic or emotional connection without clear definitions or commitment. It falls between friendship and a relationship and can have significant effects on mental well-being.
SIV (Simian Immunodeficiency Virus)
SIV (Simian Immunodeficiency Virus) is a retrovirus that infects non-human primates and is considered the evolutionary predecessor of HIV. It plays a key role in HIV and AIDS research.
Sjögren Syndrome
Sjögren syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily attacks the glands producing tears and saliva, causing dry eyes and dry mouth.
Skimmed Milk Powder
Skimmed milk powder is a high-protein, low-fat powder produced by removing water from fat-free milk. It is widely used in nutrition, food production, and clinical dietetics.
Skin appendages
Skin appendages are specialized structures of the skin, including hair, nails, and glands. They perform essential protective and regulatory functions in the human body.
Skin Barrier Function
The skin barrier function protects the body from dehydration, pathogens, and harmful substances. It is essential for healthy, resilient skin.
Skin Barrier Protection
Skin barrier protection refers to measures and products that maintain and strengthen the natural protective function of the skin. An intact skin barrier prevents moisture loss.
Skin barrier regeneration
Skin barrier regeneration refers to the skin's ability to restore its protective outer layer after damage. It is essential for healthy, resilient skin.
Skin Biopsy
A skin biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of skin tissue is removed and examined in a laboratory to diagnose skin conditions.
Skin Blood Flow
Skin blood flow refers to the circulation of blood through the extensive vascular network of the skin. It plays a key role in temperature regulation, nutrient supply, and wound healing.
Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, caused by the uncontrolled growth of skin cells. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes and survival rates.
Skin Collagen Analysis
Skin collagen analysis measures the collagen content and structure within the skin. It helps objectively assess skin aging, collagen degradation, and the effectiveness of treatments.
Skin Collagen Structure
The skin collagen structure describes the arrangement and molecular organization of collagen fibers in the skin, providing firmness, elasticity, and youthful appearance to the tissue.
Skin Collagen Synthesis
Skin collagen synthesis is the process by which skin cells produce collagen, the key structural protein responsible for skin firmness, elasticity, and tissue regeneration.
Skin Homeostasis
Skin homeostasis refers to the natural balance of the skin that regulates regeneration, protection, and moisture levels, ensuring healthy and resilient skin.
Skin Inflammation
Skin inflammation is an inflammatory reaction of the skin that causes redness, swelling, itching, or pain. It can be triggered by many different causes.
Skin microbiome
The skin microbiome protects against inflammation and pathogens. Find out how to strengthen it.
Skin Microbiome Balance
Skin microbiome balance refers to the equilibrium of microorganisms living on the skin. A healthy microbiome protects against infections and supports overall skin health.
Skin rash (exanthema)
A skin rash, medically known as an exanthema, is a visible change in the skin that can be characterised by redness, swelling, blisters, wheals or scaling.
Skin Regeneration
Skin regeneration refers to the natural ability of the skin to renew and repair itself after injuries, inflammation, or the effects of aging.
Skin Sebum Regulation
Skin sebum regulation refers to the control of sebum production by the skin sebaceous glands. A balanced sebum level is essential for healthy skin and the prevention of acne.
Skull base
The skull base is the lower bony region of the skull that supports the brain and contains many nerves and blood vessels.
Skull Contusion
A skull contusion is a blunt injury to the skull without a bone fracture. It typically results from falls or impacts and may cause pain, swelling, and bruising at the site of injury.
Skullcap (Scutellaria)
Skullcap (Scutellaria) is a calming and anti-inflammatory herb used for stress, sleep issues, and chronic inflammation. Learn more about its traditional and modern uses.
Sleep apnoea
Sleep apnoea is a serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops or becomes shallow during sleep.
Sleep Architecture
Sleep architecture describes the structured sequence of sleep stages throughout the night and is essential for restorative, healthy sleep.
Sleep Architecture Analysis
Sleep architecture analysis examines the structural composition of sleep and the sequence of its stages. It provides key insights into sleep quality and potential sleep disorders.
Sleep biohacking
Sleep biohacking refers to targeted, science-based methods for optimizing sleep quality and duration using techniques, nutrition, and technology.
Sleep Cycle Analysis
Sleep cycle analysis examines the different stages of human sleep, helping to scientifically assess sleep quality and identify sleep disorders.
Sleep Cycle Optimization
Sleep cycle optimization refers to targeted strategies aimed at improving the natural sleep phases to enhance recovery, health, and overall performance.
Sleep Cycle Optimization Markers
Sleep cycle optimization markers are biological and physiological parameters used to assess and improve sleep quality. They help detect sleep disorders early and guide targeted interventions.
Sleep Cycle Regulation
Sleep cycle regulation refers to the biological mechanisms that control the progression through sleep stages. It is essential for restorative sleep and overall health.
Sleep Deprivation
Sleep deprivation refers to a condition in which a person does not get enough sleep over a period of time. It can significantly affect physical and mental health.
Sleep Deprivation Therapy
Sleep deprivation therapy is a psychiatric treatment for depression in which controlled sleep loss can rapidly improve mood symptoms within a single night.
Sleep disorders
With sleep disorders, those affected suffer from difficulties falling asleep, staying asleep or poor sleep quality, which can significantly impair their quality of life.
Sleep hormone
Melatonin, often referred to as the ""sleep hormone"", plays a central role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle.
Sleep Hormone Analysis
A sleep hormone analysis measures hormones like melatonin and cortisol that regulate sleep. It helps identify hormonal imbalances causing sleep disorders and guides targeted treatment.
Sleep Hormone Regulation
Sleep hormone regulation describes how the body controls the sleep-wake cycle through hormones such as melatonin and cortisol. It is essential for restorative sleep and overall health.
Sleep hormone therapy
Sleep hormone therapy uses melatonin, the body's natural sleep hormone, to treat sleep disorders and regulate the sleep-wake cycle effectively.
Sleep Onset Disorder
A sleep onset disorder describes the persistent difficulty of falling asleep within a normal timeframe. It can be caused by stress, underlying health conditions, or poor sleep habits.
Sleep Onset Latency
Sleep onset latency is the time it takes for a person to fall asleep after going to bed. It is a key measure of sleep quality in sleep medicine.
Sleep paralysis
Schlafparalyse ist ein Zustand zwischen Schlaf und Wachsein, bei dem Betroffene bei vollem Bewusstsein sind, sich jedoch nicht bewegen oder sprechen können.
Sleep peptides
Sleep peptides are endogenous or synthetic protein fragments that promote sleep and regulate the sleep-wake cycle. They are considered key natural molecules for restorative sleep.
Sleep Phase Architecture
Sleep phase architecture describes the structured sequence of sleep stages during a night. Understanding it is essential for evaluating sleep quality and diagnosing sleep disorders.
Sleep Phase Optimization
Sleep phase optimization refers to targeted strategies for improving sleep architecture. The goal is restorative, deep sleep to support overall health and performance.
Sleep phases
Sleep phases describe the different stages of sleep the body passes through each night. They are essential for physical recovery, memory consolidation, and overall health.
Sleep Problems
Sleep problems refer to difficulties falling or staying asleep and can significantly impact overall health. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
Sleep Quality
Sleep quality describes how restorative and deep a person´s sleep is. Good sleep quality is essential for physical health, mental well-being, and daily performance.
Sleep quality index
The sleep quality index is a standardized tool used to assess the quality of sleep. It measures multiple dimensions of sleep and helps identify sleep disorders.
Sleep Regression
Sleep regression refers to phases when babies or toddlers suddenly sleep worse than before. These phases are developmental and temporary.
Sleep rhythm
The sleep rhythm describes the regular pattern of sleep and wake phases. A healthy sleep rhythm is essential for physical and mental well-being.
Sleep Therapy
Sleep therapy refers to medical and therapeutic approaches used to treat sleep disorders. Its goal is to improve sleep quality and overall health and well-being.
Sleep tracking
Sleep tracking refers to the digital recording and analysis of sleep phases and sleep quality using apps, wearables, or dedicated sleep monitors.
Sleep-wake cycle
The sleep-wake cycle is a biological process that controls the regular changes between sleep and wakefulness.
Sleeping berry
The sleeping berry, also known as ashwagandha or Withania somnifera, is a medicinal plant that has been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for thousands of years.
Sliding hiatal hernia
A sliding hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach slides up through the diaphragm opening into the chest cavity. It is the most common type of hiatal hernia and often causes acid reflux and heartburn.
Slimming syringe
The so-called weight loss injection is a colloquial term for drug injections with GLP-1 analogues, which were originally developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a hip condition in growing children where the femoral head slips off the growth plate. It most commonly affects adolescents during puberty.
Small Intestinal Atrophy
Small intestinal atrophy refers to the deterioration of the small intestine lining, severely impairing nutrient absorption. It is commonly associated with celiac disease, chronic inflammation, or malnutrition.
Smartphone Addiction
Smartphone addiction describes a compulsive, uncontrolled use of mobile phones that negatively affects daily life, sleep, and social relationships.
Smear infection
A smear infection is the transmission of pathogens via contaminated hands or surfaces. It is one of the most common routes of infection in everyday life.
Smith Fracture
A Smith fracture is a break of the distal radius (forearm bone) in which the bone fragment tilts toward the palm. It is considered the reverse of a Colles fracture.
Smoker´s Lung
Smoker's lung refers to chronic lung damage caused by long-term tobacco use. It includes COPD, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis, and is one of the most common preventable diseases worldwide.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is a cell organelle without ribosomes that synthesizes lipids, detoxifies harmful substances, and regulates calcium levels.
Smooth tongue
A smooth tongue is a symptom in which the tongue appears shiny, flat and reddened due to loss of papillae. It often indicates an underlying nutrient deficiency.
SN1 reaction
The SN1 reaction is a two-step nucleophilic substitution mechanism in organic chemistry, proceeding through a carbocation intermediate with characteristic racemization.
SN2 reaction
The SN2 reaction is a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution mechanism in which a nucleophile attacks a substrate and displaces a leaving group in a single concerted step.
Sneezing Urge
The sneezing urge is a reflex-driven impulse to sneeze, triggered by irritation of the nasal mucosa. It can be caused by allergies, infections, or environmental stimuli.
Social Code
The German Social Code (Sozialgesetzbuch, SGB) is the central legal framework governing social security in Germany, covering health insurance, pension, care, and welfare benefits.
Social development
Social development is the lifelong process through which individuals acquire social skills, relationships, and behaviors that enable them to interact effectively within a community.
Socket Preservation
Socket preservation is a dental procedure performed after tooth extraction to maintain the jawbone structure, prevent bone loss, and prepare the site for a future dental implant.
Sodium acetate
Sodium acetate is the sodium salt of acetic acid, widely used in medicine, the food industry, and laboratory chemistry as a buffer and electrolyte source.
Sodium Aluminosilicate
Sodium aluminosilicate (E554) is an approved food additive used as an anti-caking agent to prevent powdered foods from clumping together and to maintain their free-flowing properties.
Sodium benzoate
Sodium benzoate (E211) is a widely used preservative in foods and beverages. It inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds to extend shelf life.
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is a naturally occurring compound widely used in medicine, the food industry, and everyday household applications.
Sodium carbonate
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is an inorganic compound used as a food additive, in industry, and in medicine. It has strong alkaline properties and is commonly known as soda ash.
Sodium carboxymethyl starch
Sodium carboxymethyl starch is a modified starch derivative widely used as a tablet disintegrant in pharmaceuticals, helping medicines dissolve quickly in the digestive tract.
Sodium Chloride
Natriumchlorid (NaCl), allgemein als Kochsalz bekannt, ist eines der am häufigsten verwendeten Mineralstoffe und spielt eine zentrale Rolle im menschlichen Körper.
Sodium Citrate
Natriumcitrat ist das Natriumsalz der Zitronensäure und wird häufig als Lebensmittelzusatzstoff (E331) verwendet.
Sodium cyclamate
Sodium cyclamate is an artificial sweetener and food additive (E952) used as a low-calorie sugar substitute in beverages and food products.
Sodium Ferrocyanide
Sodium ferrocyanide (E535) is an approved food additive used as an anticaking agent in table salt to prevent clumping and maintain free-flowing texture.
Sodium fluoride
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is an inorganic fluoride compound widely used in dentistry for caries prevention and in medicine for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Sodium hyaluronate
Sodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, widely used in medicine and cosmetics. It retains moisture, lubricates joints, and supports skin elasticity.
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as caustic soda, is a strongly alkaline inorganic compound used in industry, food production, and medicine.
Sodium hydroxide solution
Sodium hydroxide solution, commonly known as caustic soda, is a highly alkaline aqueous solution of NaOH. It is widely used in industry and medicine but is strongly corrosive and hazardous to human tissue.
Sodium hypochlorite
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a chemical compound with powerful disinfecting properties. It is widely used in medicine, dentistry, and food hygiene as an antimicrobial and bleaching agent.
Sodium metabisulfite
Sodium metabisulfite (E223) is a chemical preservative used in food, pharmaceuticals, and industry. It acts as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.
Sodium nitrite
Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is a chemical salt used as a food additive (E250) for curing and preserving meat products. It inhibits bacterial growth but can pose health risks in excessive amounts.
Sodium Picosulfate
Sodium picosulfate is a laxative used to treat constipation and to cleanse the bowel before medical procedures such as colonoscopy.
Sodium Salts of Guanosine-5-Phosphoric Acid
The sodium salts of guanosine-5'-phosphoric acid are food additives (E 627, E 630) used as flavor enhancers that intensify the savory umami taste in a wide range of food products.
Sodium Salts of Inosine-5'-phosphoric Acid
Sodium salts of inosine-5'-phosphoric acid are food additives (E630-E633) used as flavor enhancers that intensify the savory, umami taste in processed foods.
Sodium salts of uridine-5-phosphoric acid
Sodium salts of uridine-5-phosphoric acid are nucleotide compounds used in nutritional supplements and the food industry, playing a key role in cellular energy metabolism and RNA synthesis.
Sodium Selenate
Sodium selenate is an inorganic selenium compound used as a dietary supplement and in medicine to supply the body with the essential trace element selenium.
Sodium sulfate
Sodium sulfate is an inorganic salt used in medicine as an osmotic laxative and electrolyte solution. It supports bowel cleansing and is applied before colonoscopies and in the treatment of poisoning.
Sodium sulphite
Sodium sulphite (E221) is a food additive used as a preservative and antioxidant. It protects food from oxidation and microbial spoilage, and is found in wine, dried fruit, and seafood.
Soft Gelatin Capsule
A soft gelatin capsule is a flexible, sealed dosage form made from gelatin or plant-based materials, enclosing liquid or semi-solid active ingredients.
Soft Tissue Biopsy
A soft tissue biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of muscle, fat, tendon, or connective tissue is removed and examined to diagnose tumors, inflammation, or other conditions.
Soft Tissue Edema
Soft tissue edema is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the connective tissue, causing swelling, tightness, and pain. It can have a variety of underlying causes.
Soft Tissue Infiltration
Soft tissue infiltration occurs when an infusion fluid or medication unintentionally leaks into surrounding tissue instead of entering the vein.
Soft Tissue Mobilization
Soft tissue mobilization is a manual therapy technique targeting muscles, fascia, and connective tissue to relieve pain, reduce tension, and restore normal movement and function.
Soft tissue sarcoma
Soft tissue sarcomas are rare malignant tumours of the connective tissue
Solar Erythema
Solar erythema is an inflammatory reddening of the skin caused by excessive UV radiation exposure. It is commonly known as sunburn and can involve pain, swelling, and blistering.
Soledum forte
Soledum forte is a herbal medicinal product containing cineole (eucalyptol) used to treat respiratory conditions such as bronchitis and sinusitis.
Soluble ST2
Soluble ST2 (sST2) is a cardiac biomarker used to assess heart failure severity, prognosis, and cardiovascular risk by measuring a circulating decoy receptor in the blood.
Somatic Dysfunction
Somatic dysfunction refers to impaired function of body structures such as muscles, joints, or fascia. It is diagnosed and treated in osteopathy and manual medicine.
Somatization
Somatization refers to the occurrence of physical symptoms without a sufficient organic cause, triggered by psychological stress. Those affected experience real, distressing complaints.
Somatostatin
Somatostatin is a naturally occurring hormone that inhibits the release of several other hormones. It plays a key role in regulating growth, digestion, and metabolism.
Somatropin
Somatropin is a synthetically produced human growth hormone used in medicine to treat growth disorders and hormone deficiency.
Somnolence
Somnolence refers to a state of excessive drowsiness and reduced alertness. Affected individuals can be awakened but respond slowly. It may indicate serious underlying medical conditions.
Somogyi Effect
The Somogyi Effect describes a morning rise in blood sugar caused by the body overreacting to nighttime low blood sugar. It mainly affects people with diabetes mellitus.
Sonic toothbrush
The sonic toothbrush is a modern electric toothbrush that works with high-frequency vibrations to clean teeth and gums particularly thoroughly.
Sonnensturm
Sonnenstürme entstehen durch Eruptionen auf der Sonne und können technische Systeme auf der Erde stören. Erfahre mehr über Ursachen und mögliche Folgen.
Sonography
Sonography is a diagnostic imaging technique that uses ultrasound waves to visualize organs and tissues. It is painless, radiation-free, and widely used in medicine.
Sorbic acid
Sorbic acid (E200) is a natural preservative that protects food from mold and yeast. It is considered safe and is approved by food safety authorities worldwide.
Sorbitol Intolerance
Sorbitol intolerance is a food intolerance in which the sugar alcohol sorbitol is not fully absorbed in the small intestine, causing symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
Sore Throat
A sore throat is an inflammation of the throat area causing pain, difficulty swallowing, and redness. It commonly occurs with colds or bacterial infections.
Sour cream calories
Schmand (German sour cream) contains around 210 kcal per 100 g and is a rich fermented dairy product. Learn about its calories, nutrients, and culinary uses.
Sourdough bread
Sauerteigbrot ist ein Brot, das mithilfe eines natürlichen Gärprozesses aus Mehl und Wasser ohne industrielle Backhefe hergestellt wird.
soy protein
Soy protein is a plant-based protein derived from soybeans. It is considered a complete protein containing all essential amino acids and is widely used as a dietary supplement in vegan and vegetarian diets.
Soy protein isolate
Soy protein isolate is a highly refined protein derived from soybeans, containing at least 90% protein. It is widely used in sports nutrition, meat alternatives, and processed foods.
Spasticity
Spasticity is a condition of abnormal muscle stiffness caused by increased muscle tone due to damage to the central nervous system. It commonly occurs after stroke, in multiple sclerosis, or following spinal cord injuries.
Special nutrition
Special nutrition refers to medically adapted food products designed for individuals with specific dietary needs, such as allergies, metabolic disorders, or clinical malnutrition.
Specialist in Dermatology and Venereology
A specialist in dermatology and venereology diagnoses and treats diseases of the skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes, as well as sexually transmitted infections.
Specialist in Neurology
A specialist in neurology is a physician focused on diagnosing and treating disorders of the nervous system, including conditions such as stroke, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis.
Specialist in Nuclear Medicine
A specialist in nuclear medicine uses radioactive substances for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Key procedures include PET, SPECT, scintigraphy, and radionuclide therapies.
Specialist in Ophthalmology
A specialist in ophthalmology is a medical doctor trained to diagnose and treat diseases and disorders of the eye and visual system.
Speech therapy
Logopädie ist ein therapeutisches Fachgebiet zur Diagnostik und Behandlung von Störungen der Sprache, des Sprechens, der Stimme, des Schluckens und der Kommunikation.
Speed strength
Speed strength is the ability of the muscles to generate maximum force in the shortest possible time. It is essential in sports performance and medical rehabilitation.
Spermatocele
A spermatocele is a benign, fluid-filled cyst that develops in the epididymis. It is usually painless and harmless, requiring no treatment in most cases.
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis is the biological process by which mature sperm cells are produced in the testes. It begins at puberty and continues throughout a man's life.
Spermidine
Spermidine is an endogenous substance that stimulates autophagy and is associated with cell protection, anti-ageing and healthy ageing. Find out more about its effects and use.
Sphingolipid synthesis
Sphingolipid synthesis is the biochemical process by which sphingolipids are produced – key components of cell membranes involved in signaling, cell growth, and programmed cell death.
Sphingolipids
Sphingolipids are essential components of cell membranes and play key roles in cell signaling, structural integrity, and metabolic regulation.
Sphingomyelin
Sphingomyelin is a key phospholipid found in animal cell membranes. It plays a central role in membrane stability, nerve function, and intracellular signaling.
Spider Naevus
A spider naevus is a benign skin lesion consisting of a central red spot with fine radiating blood vessels. It often occurs in liver disease or during pregnancy.
Spider veins
Besenreiser sind feine, oberflächliche Blutgefäße, die als kleine, sichtbare Rötungen oder bläuliche Verästelungen auf der Haut erscheinen.
Spigelian Hernia
A Spigelian hernia is a rare type of abdominal wall hernia in which tissue protrudes through a weakness along the Spigelian line, located at the outer edge of the rectus muscle.
Spinal Canal
The spinal canal is the bony channel formed by the vertebrae of the spine, protecting the spinal cord and housing the nerve roots.
Spinal Canal Stenosis
Spinal canal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal that puts pressure on the spinal cord and nerves, causing back pain, numbness, and difficulty walking.
Spinal Cord Compression
Spinal cord compression is a serious medical condition in which the spinal cord is damaged by external pressure. It can cause paralysis, sensory disturbances, and loss of bladder or bowel control.
Spinal Cord Injury
A spinal cord injury is damage to the spinal cord that can cause paralysis, loss of sensation, and other neurological deficits. It requires immediate medical attention.
Spinal cord stimulation
Spinal cord stimulation is a minimally invasive pain therapy in which electrical impulses are delivered to the spinal cord via an implanted electrode to relieve chronic pain.
Spinal cord tumor
A spinal cord tumor is an abnormal growth in or around the spinal cord that can cause serious neurological symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential.
Spinal Epidural Hematoma
A spinal epidural hematoma is a rare but serious accumulation of blood in the epidural space of the spine that can compress the spinal cord and lead to paralysis.
Spinal fusion
Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure that permanently joins two or more vertebrae. It is used to treat instability, deformity, or severe back pain.
Spinal Osteoarthritis
Spinal osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition affecting the joints of the spine, causing pain and reduced mobility. It is one of the most common disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
Spinal Shock
Spinal shock is a transient neurological condition following acute spinal cord injury, characterized by complete loss of all motor, sensory, and reflex functions below the level of injury.
Spindle Cell
Spindle cells are elongated, spindle-shaped cells found in various tissues. In pathology, they are especially relevant as markers for certain benign and malignant tumor types.
Spinocerebellar
Spinocerebellar refers to the connection between the spinal cord and the cerebellum. Together, these structures regulate movement coordination, balance, and posture.
Spinous cell layer
The spinous cell layer (Stratum spinosum) is a layer of the epidermis located between the basal layer and the granular layer. It plays a key role in skin stability and immune defence.
Spiral fracture
A spiral fracture is a bone break in which the fracture line winds around the bone in a spiral pattern, typically caused by a twisting force.
Spirometry
Spirometry is a lung function test that measures breathing capacity and airflow. It helps diagnose conditions such as asthma and COPD quickly and non-invasively.
Spironolactone
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic and aldosterone antagonist used to treat heart failure, high blood pressure, and fluid retention.
Splenic Artery
The splenic artery is the largest branch of the celiac trunk and supplies the spleen, pancreatic tail, and parts of the stomach with oxygenated blood.
Splenic Function Test
A splenic function test is a diagnostic procedure used to assess how well the spleen is working. It helps detect conditions such as hyposplenia or asplenia at an early stage.
Splenomegaly
Splenomegaly refers to an abnormal enlargement of the spleen. It is usually a sign of an underlying condition and is diagnosed through imaging.
Spondylarthrosis
Spondylarthrosis is a degenerative condition affecting the small facet joints of the spine, causing back pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.
Spondyloarthritis
Spondyloarthritis is a group of inflammatory rheumatic diseases primarily affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints. It includes conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis.
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolisthesis is a spinal condition in which one vertebra slips forward over the one below it. It can cause back pain, nerve compression, and reduced mobility.
Spondylose
Spondylose ist ein Sammelbegriff für degenerative Veränderungen der Wirbelsäule, insbesondere im Bereich der Wirbelkörper und Zwischenwirbelgelenke.
Spoon feeding
Spoon feeding refers to giving infants and toddlers complementary foods using a spoon. It is a key step in the transition from milk feeding to solid foods.
Sports mouthguard
A sports mouthguard protects teeth, jaw and soft tissues from injuries during physical activity. It is especially recommended for contact and combat sports.
Sports Rehabilitation
Sports rehabilitation is a medical program designed to restore physical function and performance after sports injuries or surgery through targeted movement therapy.
Spousal Income Splitting
Spousal income splitting is a German tax procedure in which a married couple´s combined income is halved, taxed, and then doubled to reduce the overall tax burden.
sprained ankle
A sprained ankle occurs when the ligaments of the ankle joint are overstretched or torn. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, and limited range of motion.
Sprint performance
Sprint performance refers to the body's ability to generate maximum speed over short distances. It is a key measure in sports science, athletics, and rehabilitation.
Sprout therapy
Sprout therapy uses germinated seeds such as wheatgrass or broccoli sprouts to support health. Sprouts are rich in vital nutrients, enzymes, and secondary plant compounds.
Sputum pituitosum
Sputum pituitosum refers to thick, mucous sputum expectorated from the airways. It commonly occurs in bronchial and pulmonary conditions.
Sputum sanguinolentum
Sputum sanguinolentum refers to bloody or blood-tinged sputum coughed up from the respiratory tract. It may indicate various conditions affecting the lungs or bronchi.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor arising from squamous epithelial cells. It can affect the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs, requiring early diagnosis and treatment.
Squamous Epithelium
Squamous epithelium is a flat cell tissue that lines many body surfaces. It protects organs and mucous membranes and plays a key role in medical diagnostics.
St. John’s Wort
Johanniskraut (Hypericum perforatum) ist eine der bekanntesten Heilpflanzen Europas und wird traditionell zur Stärkung des seelischen Gleichgewichts verwendet.
St. John's Wort Extract
St. John's wort extract is derived from the medicinal plant Hypericum perforatum and is traditionally used for mild depression and inner restlessness.
Stable Fracture
A stable fracture is a bone break in which the broken ends remain correctly aligned and do not shift. It often heals without surgery.
Stapedectomy
A stapedectomy is a microsurgical procedure of the middle ear in which the fixed stapes bone is removed and replaced with a prosthesis to restore hearing in patients with otosclerosis.
Stapedius Reflex
The stapedius reflex is an involuntary protective response of the middle ear in which the stapedius muscle contracts in response to loud sounds, shielding the inner ear from damage.
Stapedoplasty
Stapedoplasty is a microsurgical procedure of the middle ear used to treat otosclerosis. The fixed stapes bone is replaced with a prosthesis to restore hearing function.
Stapedotomy
Stapedotomy is a microsurgical procedure of the middle ear used to treat otosclerosis, restoring hearing by inserting a small prosthesis into the stapes footplate.
Staphisagria
Staphisagria is a homeopathic remedy derived from stavesacre, used for emotional wounds, post-surgical healing, and urinary tract complaints.
Staphylococcal Enterotoxicosis
Staphylococcal enterotoxicosis is a form of food poisoning caused by heat-stable toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. It leads to rapid onset of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Staphylococci
Staphylococci are spherical bacteria commonly found on skin and mucous membranes. They can be harmless or cause serious infections depending on circumstances.
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus ist eine weit verbreitete Bakteriengattung, deren Erreger Hautinfektionen, Sepsis und resistente Krankenhauskeime wie MRSA verursachen können.
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium and one of the most common causes of skin, wound, and respiratory infections. Resistant strains such as MRSA pose a serious public health challenge.
Start-up pain
Start-up pain refers to pain that occurs at the beginning of movement after a period of rest and typically eases within minutes. It is a common symptom of osteoarthritis.
Stasis dermatitis
Stasis dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting the lower legs, caused by impaired venous blood flow. It presents with redness, swelling, and itching.
Statin intolerance
Statin intolerance refers to the inability to tolerate statins, a commonly prescribed drug class for lowering cholesterol, due to side effects such as muscle pain or elevated liver enzymes.
Statin-associated muscle symptoms
Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are muscle-related side effects that can occur during statin therapy, ranging from mild muscle pain to rare severe muscle damage.
Stearic Acid
Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid naturally found in animal and plant fats, playing important roles in nutrition, medicine, and various industries.
Stearidonic acid
Stearidonic acid (SDA) is a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid found in certain plant oils. It is more efficiently converted to EPA in the body than ALA, making it a promising plant-based omega-3 source.
Steatohepatitis
Steatohepatitis is a liver inflammation caused by fat deposits in the liver. It can progress to liver cirrhosis and liver failure if left untreated.
Stem Cell Injection
A stem cell injection is a medical procedure in which stem cells are introduced into the body to regenerate damaged tissue or treat various diseases.
Stem Cell Therapy
Stem cell therapy uses the body's own or donated stem cells to treat serious diseases. It aims to regenerate damaged tissue or rebuild a healthy immune system.
Stent Implantation
Stent implantation is a minimally invasive procedure in which a small tubular mesh device is inserted into a narrowed vessel or duct to keep it permanently open and restore normal flow.
Stereotaxy
Stereotaxy is a precise neurosurgical technique that uses a three-dimensional coordinate system to accurately target specific areas within the brain.
Steroid Biosynthesis
Steroid biosynthesis is the process by which the body produces steroid hormones from cholesterol. It primarily occurs in the adrenal glands, gonads, and liver.
Steroid Rosacea
Steroid rosacea is a skin condition triggered by prolonged use of corticosteroid creams, causing facial redness, pustules, and a burning sensation.
Stigmatization
Stigmatization refers to the social devaluation of people based on specific characteristics. In healthcare, it commonly affects individuals with mental illness, addiction, or chronic conditions.
Still syndrome
Still syndrome is a rare inflammatory disease related to rheumatoid arthritis, affecting both children and adults. It is characterized by spiking fever, joint pain, and a salmon-colored skin rash.
STING agonist
STING agonists are compounds that activate the innate immune receptor STING, triggering a powerful immune response. They are primarily investigated in cancer immunotherapy and infectious disease research.
Stinging nettle
The stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) is one of the oldest and most versatile medicinal plants in Europe.
Stockholm syndrome
Stockholm syndrome describes a psychological response in which hostages or victims develop emotional bonds with their captors. It is considered a protective mechanism of the psyche.
Stoffwechsel anregen
Der Stoffwechsel (Metabolismus) umfasst alle biochemischen Vorgänge im Körper, die Energie aus Nahrung gewinnen und in Körperfunktionen umwandeln.
Stomach flu
Stomach flu, also known as gastroenteritis, is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract caused by viruses, bacteria or, more rarely, parasites.
Stomach flu how long
How long does a stomach bug last? Most cases resolve within 1 to 3 days. Learn when symptoms improve and when to seek medical advice.
Stomach Pain
Stomach pain refers to discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen. It is very common and often harmless, but can sometimes indicate a more serious underlying condition.
Stomach Ulcer Symptoms
Stomach ulcer symptoms include burning upper abdominal pain, nausea, and bloating. Learn which warning signs require immediate medical attention.
Stomatitis
Stomatitis is an inflammation of the oral mucosa that causes painful sores, redness, and swelling. It can be triggered by infections, irritants, nutritional deficiencies, or systemic diseases.
Stool Analysis
A stool analysis is a laboratory examination of a stool sample that provides insights into gut health, infections, inflammation, and digestive disorders.
Stool Microbiome
The stool microbiome refers to the entirety of microorganisms found in human stool. It reflects the composition of the gut flora and serves as a key indicator of digestive and overall health.
Stool Sample
A stool sample is a laboratory test of fecal matter used to detect diseases of the digestive tract. It aids in diagnosing infections, inflammation, and bowel conditions.
stop nosebleed
Stop a nosebleed quickly and safely: Learn the correct first aid steps, what to avoid, and when to seek medical attention for a nosebleed.
Storage Protein Deficiency
Storage protein deficiency refers to a lack of proteins that store essential nutrients in the body. It can impair metabolism and organ function significantly.
Stork Bite
A stork bite is a harmless birthmark in newborns, appearing as a reddish patch on the neck, forehead, or eyelids. It usually fades on its own within the first years of life.
Strabismus
Strabismus is a misalignment of the eyes in which both eyes do not point in the same direction simultaneously. It can be congenital or acquired.
Strain of the Upper Thigh
An upper thigh strain is a painful overstretching of the muscle fibers in the front, back, or inner thigh. It commonly occurs during sports and typically heals well with proper treatment.
Strangulation (Forensic Medicine)
Strangulation in forensic medicine refers to compression of the neck by a ligature or pressure, which can lead to unconsciousness or death.
Stratum basale
The stratum basale is the innermost layer of the epidermis, acting as a germinal layer that continuously renews the skin through cell division.
Stratum corneum
The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the skin. It protects the body from water loss, pathogens, and environmental influences.
Stratum germinativum
The stratum germinativum (basal layer) is the deepest layer of the epidermis. It contains stem cell-like cells that continuously produce new skin cells.
Stratum granulosum
The stratum granulosum is a layer of the epidermis where keratinocytes form granules and initiate keratinization. It plays a key role in the skin barrier function.
Stratum lucidum
The stratum lucidum is a thin, translucent layer of skin found only in areas of thick skin such as the palms and soles of the feet.
Stratum spinosum
The stratum spinosum is a layer of the epidermis composed of prickle cells. It plays a key role in the mechanical strength and protective barrier function of the skin.
Strength training
Strength training is a form of physical exercise that uses resistance to build and strengthen muscles. It supports muscle growth, bone density, and overall health.
Strengthen the Immune System
Um das Immunsystem zu stärken, sollten Maßnahmen ergriffen werden, die die normale Funktion der körpereigenen Abwehr unterstützen und die Widerstandsfähigkeit gegenüber Krankheitserregern erhöhen.
Strengthening Immune Cells
Strengthening immune cells means actively supporting the body's defense system. Proper nutrition, sleep, and micronutrients help immune cells function more efficiently.
Strengthening the Pelvic Floor
Pelvic floor strengthening: targeted exercises for better stability, continence, and well-being. Ideal after childbirth, for incontinence, or as prevention.
Streptococcal symptoms
Streptococcal symptoms include sore throat, fever, and skin rash. Learn when to seek medical advice and how infections are treated.
Streptococci
Streptococci are a group of bacteria that can be responsible for a variety of infections, from harmless colds to serious illnesses such as pneumonia and even blood poisoning (septicaemia);
Streptococcus
Streptococcus is a genus of gram-positive cocci or spherical bacteria belonging to the Streptococcaceae family within the Lactobacillales order. Help to combat harmful microorganisms and stabilise the intestinal flora
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a spherical bacterium and one of the leading causes of bacterial pneumonia and meningitis worldwide. It poses a significant public health challenge across all age groups.
Stress abbauen
Stress abbauen ist essenziell für die mentale Gesundheit, das Immunsystem und einen gesunden Hormonhaushalt.
Stress Fractures
Stress fractures are small cracks in a bone caused by repetitive force or overuse. They are common in athletes and cause localized pain and swelling.
Stress Hormone
Stress hormones are chemical messengers released by the body during stressful situations. They prepare the body for fight or flight and influence many physiological functions.
Stress Hormone Level
The stress hormone level refers to the concentration of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline in the blood. Elevated levels may indicate chronic stress or underlying medical conditions.
Stress Hormones
Stress hormones are chemical messengers released by the body during stressful situations. They prepare the organism for fight or flight and influence heart rate, metabolism, and immune function.
Stress Management
Stressmanagement bezeichnet eine Reihe von Techniken und Strategien, die darauf abzielen, die Auswirkungen von Stress zu reduzieren und das Wohlbefinden zu fördern.
Stress Reduction
Stress reduction includes methods and strategies that help decrease physical and mental stress responses, promoting long-term health and well-being.
Stress Response
The stress response is the body's natural reaction to threatening or demanding situations. It triggers physical and psychological changes that prepare the body for fight or flight.
Stress Symptoms
Stress symptoms are physical and psychological complaints caused by prolonged strain. Common signs include sleep disturbances, headaches, and inner restlessness.
Stress Ulcer
A stress ulcer is an acute gastric lesion that develops rapidly in critically ill patients or those under severe physiological stress. It can lead to dangerous gastrointestinal bleeding.
Stretch Marks
Stretch marks are streak-like scars on the skin caused by rapid growth or weight changes. They are medically harmless but often a cosmetic concern.
Stretch marks in pregnancy
Schwangerschaftsstreifen sind streifenförmige Hautveränderungen, die durch eine starke Dehnung des Bindegewebes während der Schwangerschaft entstehen.
Stroke Risk
Stroke risk refers to the likelihood of experiencing a stroke. Key risk factors include high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, and smoking.
Stroke Symptoms
Stroke symptoms appear suddenly and include facial drooping, arm weakness, and speech difficulties. Immediate action saves lives and brain function.
Struma nodosa
Struma nodosa is a nodular enlargement of the thyroid gland, involving one or multiple nodules. It is one of the most common thyroid conditions worldwide.
Study Participant
A study participant, or proband, is a person who voluntarily takes part in a scientific study or clinical trial. Participants play a vital role in advancing medical research.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a life-threatening bleed into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain, often causing a sudden, severe headache of extreme intensity.
Subchondral Cyst
A subchondral cyst is a fluid-filled cavity that forms in the bone just beneath the joint cartilage. It is commonly associated with osteoarthritis.
Subchondral Sclerosis
Subchondral sclerosis is a hardening and increased density of the bone tissue located just beneath the joint cartilage. It is a hallmark radiological sign of osteoarthritis and results from elevated mechanical stress on the joint.
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue
Subcutaneous adipose tissue is the layer of fat located directly beneath the skin, serving as an energy reserve, thermal insulation, and mechanical cushion.
Subcutaneous Injection
A subcutaneous injection is a method of delivering medication directly into the fatty tissue just beneath the skin using a fine needle. It is commonly used for insulin, anticoagulants, and various other medications.
Subdural Hematoma
A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood between the brain and the dura mater. It usually results from head injury and can be life-threatening.
Subdural Space
The subdural space is a narrow gap between two layers of the brain's protective membranes. It lies between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater and is clinically important in cases of subdural bleeding.
Sublimation
Sublimation is a psychological defense mechanism in which unconscious drives or impulses are redirected into socially accepted and constructive behaviors.
Sublimations
Sublimation is an unconscious defense mechanism in psychology where unacceptable impulses are redirected into socially acceptable and constructive behaviors.
Subluxation
What is a subluxation and why do our joints pop? Find out all about incomplete dislocations, causes and treatment options.
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Substrate-level phosphorylation is a biochemical process in which ATP is produced directly from a high-energy substrate molecule. It is a key component of cellular energy metabolism.
Subtalar Arthrodesis
Subtalar arthrodesis is a surgical procedure to fuse the subtalar joint, relieving pain and stabilising the hindfoot in cases of severe joint disease or deformity.
Succinyl-CoA
Succinyl-CoA is a key intermediate in the citric acid cycle, playing a central role in energy metabolism and in the biosynthesis of heme and amino acids.
Sudan ebolavirus
Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) is a highly dangerous pathogen of the family Filoviridae that causes severe viral hemorrhagic fever with a high case fatality rate.
Sudden Hearing Loss
Ein Hörsturz ist ein plötzlich auftretender, meist einseitiger Hörverlust, der ohne erkennbare äußere Ursache auftritt. Betroffene berichten häufig von einem dumpfen Gefühl im Ohr, Tinnitus, Druckempfinden oder Schwindel.
Sufentanil
Sufentanil is a highly potent opioid analgesic used primarily in anaesthesia and intensive care. It acts on opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord to relieve severe pain.
Sufficient
In medicine, sufficient means adequate or effective enough to meet clinical requirements. It describes conditions, treatments, or care that fulfill the necessary medical standards.
Sugammadex
Sugammadex is a medication used to reverse neuromuscular blockade after anaesthesia. It selectively binds muscle relaxants, enabling rapid recovery of muscle function.
Sugar Beet Syrup
Sugar beet syrup is a natural sweetener made from concentrated sugar beet juice. It contains minerals and is traditionally used as a bread spread and baking ingredient.
Sugar of fruits
Fructose, also known as fruit sugar, is a natural simple sugar found in fruits, vegetables, and honey, and widely used as a sweetener in the food industry.
Sugar substitutes
Sugar substitutes are sweet-tasting substances used to replace conventional sugar in food. They provide fewer calories and have little to no effect on blood sugar levels.
Sugar withdrawal
Sugar withdrawal refers to the process of reducing or eliminating sugar intake, which can trigger physical and psychological symptoms. Learn about causes, stages, and helpful tips.
Sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine is a medication used to treat chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. It acts as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent.
Sulfonamide Antibiotic
Sulfonamide antibiotics are bacteriostatic drugs that inhibit bacterial growth. They are commonly used to treat urinary tract infections and other bacterial diseases.
Sulfonylurea
Sulfonylureas are oral blood sugar-lowering medications used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. They stimulate the pancreas to release insulin.
Sulforaphane
Sulforaphan ist ein sekundärer Pflanzenstoff aus der Gruppe der Isothiocyanate, der vor allem in Brokkoli, Brokkolisprossen, Kohlrabi und anderen Kreuzblütlern vorkommt.
Sulfur Amino Acid
Sulfur amino acids are essential building blocks of the human body that contain a sulfur atom. They play a key role in cellular protection, protein synthesis, and metabolic processes.
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a gaseous compound used as a food additive (E220) with preservative and antioxidant properties. It occurs naturally and in food production, but may cause adverse reactions in sensitive individuals.
Sulfuric Acid
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a highly corrosive inorganic acid. Contact with skin, eyes, or mucous membranes can cause severe chemical burns and requires immediate medical attention.
Summer Flu
Die Sommergrippe ist eine virusbedingte Infektion der oberen Atemwege, die meist durch Enteroviren oder Coxsackieviren verursacht wird.
Sun allergy
Sun allergy describes a hypersensitive skin reaction to UV radiation. Typical symptoms include redness, itching, and a skin rash after sun exposure.
Sun Protection
Sun protection refers to measures that shield the skin from harmful UV radiation. It includes sunscreen, protective clothing, and behavioral guidelines to prevent sunburn and skin cancer.
Sun Protection Factor
The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) indicates how well a sunscreen protects the skin from UV radiation. The higher the SPF value, the greater the protection against sunburn.
Sunflower protein
Sunflower protein is a plant-based protein derived from sunflower seeds. It is valued as a nutritious alternative to animal proteins and is widely used in food and dietary supplements.
Sunflower seeds
Sonnenblumenkerne sind die essbaren Samen der Sonnenblume und werden als Lebensmittel roh, geröstet oder verarbeitet verwendet.
Supervision
Supervision is a structured professional support format used in healthcare and social services to help practitioners reflect on their work and professional practice.
Supination trauma
A supination trauma is the most common ankle injury, occurring when the foot rolls inward, overstretching or tearing the ligaments on the outer side of the ankle.
Supplement formula
A supplement formula is a specially composed nutritional supplement that targets nutrient deficiencies and complements the daily diet with key vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds.
Supplemental Nutrition
Supplemental nutrition refers to foods or preparations used to complement a regular diet by providing targeted nutrients. It is used when nutritional needs cannot be met through everyday food intake alone.
Supplementary dental prophylaxis
Supplementary dental prophylaxis refers to preventive dental measures that go beyond standard check-ups to maintain optimal oral health.
Supplements for Acne
Certain dietary supplements can support acne treatment. Discover which supplements are scientifically proven to help reduce acne breakouts.
Supportive Therapy
Supportive therapy refers to all accompanying medical measures that aim to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients, especially those with serious illnesses.
Suppression of Inflammation
Suppression of inflammation refers to the targeted inhibition of inflammatory processes in the body through medications, nutrients, or lifestyle changes.
Supramalleolar Osteotomy
A supramalleolar osteotomy is a surgical procedure in which the lower leg bone above the ankle joint is cut and realigned to correct axial deformities and relieve joint stress.
Suprascapular Notch Syndrome
Suprascapular notch syndrome is a nerve entrapment condition where the suprascapular nerve is compressed at the scapular notch, causing shoulder pain and muscle weakness.
Supratrochlear Foramen
The supratrochlear foramen is an anatomical opening in the distal humerus found in some individuals above the trochlea, representing a normal variant with relevance in radiological imaging.
Surfactant deficiency
Surfactant deficiency occurs when the lungs produce insufficient surfactant, a substance vital for keeping the air sacs open, most commonly affecting premature newborns.
Surgical exposure of impacted teeth
Surgical exposure of impacted teeth is a procedure in which teeth that are trapped in the jawbone or gum tissue are uncovered so they can be guided into their correct position.
Survodutide
Survodutide is a dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist in clinical development for the treatment of obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).
Sutura coronalis
The sutura coronalis, or coronal suture, is a fibrous joint connecting the frontal bone to the two parietal bones of the skull. It plays a key role in skull development.
Swaddle / Swaddling Bag
A swaddling bag is a specially designed wrap for newborns that snugly encloses the baby, promoting a sense of security, calmness, and better sleep.
Swallowing Difficulties
Swallowing difficulties describe problems moving food, liquids, or saliva from the mouth to the stomach. They can be mild or indicate a serious condition.
Swallowing Rehabilitation
Swallowing rehabilitation encompasses therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring or improving impaired swallowing function after illness or injury.
Swan-neck deformity
Swan-neck deformity is a finger deformity characterized by hyperextension of the middle joint and flexion of the end joint. It is most commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
Swelling fiber analysis
Swelling fiber analysis is a diagnostic method used to measure the swelling capacity of dietary fibers in food and nutritional supplements, providing key quality data for health and nutrition applications.
Swimming Pool Granuloma
Swimming pool granuloma is a rare skin infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium marinum, acquired through contact with contaminated water.
Swiss chard
Mangold ist ein Blattgemüse aus der Familie der Fuchsschwanzgewächse, das wegen seiner Blätter und Stiele als Lebensmittel genutzt wird.
Swollen lymph node groin one side
A swollen lymph node in the groin on one side can indicate a local infection, injury, or in rare cases a more serious condition. Early medical evaluation is recommended.
Swollen Lymph Nodes
Swollen lymph nodes refer to the enlargement of one or more lymph nodes, often signaling an immune response to infection, inflammation, or in rare cases a more serious condition.
Swollen lymph nodes armpit
Swollen lymph nodes in the armpit can indicate infections, inflammation, or in rare cases more serious conditions. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
swollen lymph nodes in the neck
Swollen lymph nodes in the neck are often a sign of infection or inflammation. Learn about causes, symptoms, and when to see a doctor.
Swollen lymph nodes neck
Swollen lymph nodes in the neck are often a sign of infection or inflammation. Learn about causes, symptoms, and when to see a doctor.
swollen lymph nodes neck one side
Swollen lymph nodes on one side of the neck are often a sign of a local infection but can also indicate other conditions. Medical evaluation is recommended.
Sympathetic
The sympathetic nervous system is a key part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for stress, activity, and physical performance by regulating involuntary functions.
Symphysis Pain
Symphysis pain refers to pain in the area of the pubic symphysis, a cartilaginous joint at the front of the pelvis. It is especially common during pregnancy and can severely limit mobility.
Symphysis-Fundus Distance
The symphysis-fundus distance is a measurement taken during pregnancy to assess the growth of the unborn child and the size of the uterus.
Symptoms of gastritis
Gastritis symptoms include upper abdominal pain, nausea, and heartburn. Learn about the causes, warning signs, and when to seek medical advice.
Symptoms of iron deficiency
Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide and can cause a wide range of symptoms. Typical signs include fatigue, pale skin, and difficulty concentrating.
Symptoms of Magnesium Deficiency
Magnesium deficiency can cause a wide range of symptoms, from muscle cramps and fatigue to heart rhythm disturbances. Learn how to recognize the signs of low magnesium.
Symptoms of mumps in adults
Mumps in adults causes swollen salivary glands, fever, and pain. Symptoms are often more severe than in children and complications are more common. Learn more now!
Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cancer often causes symptoms only at a late stage. Typical signs include jaundice, upper abdominal pain, and unexplained weight loss.
Synaptic Strength
Synaptic strength describes how effectively a nerve signal is transmitted from one neuron to another. It plays a key role in learning, memory, and overall brain function.
Synästhesie
Synästhesie ist ein neurologisches Phänomen, bei dem ein Sinnesreiz automatisch und unwillkürlich eine zusätzliche Sinneswahrnehmung auslöst.
Synbiotics
Synbiotics are combination supplements containing both probiotics and prebiotics that work together to promote gut health and support a balanced intestinal microbiome.
Syndesmosis injury
A syndesmosis injury is damage to the ligament complex connecting the tibia and fibula above the ankle joint. It commonly results from twisting or rotating the foot.
Syndesmosis ligament tear
A syndesmosis ligament tear is an injury to the ligaments connecting the tibia and fibula at the ankle joint. It typically results from twisting and requires targeted treatment.
Syndesmosis reconstruction
Syndesmosis reconstruction is a surgical procedure to restore the ligamentous connection between the tibia and fibula after injury to the ankle joint.
Syndesmosis repair
Syndesmosis repair is a surgical procedure to restore the ligamentous connection between the tibia and fibula after injury, stabilizing the ankle joint.
Syndesmotic Ligament
The syndesmotic ligament connects the tibia and fibula just above the ankle joint. Injuries to this structure are among the most common ankle injuries in sports.
Syndesmotic screw
A syndesmotic screw is a surgical implant used to stabilize the ankle mortise after ligament injuries to the syndesmosis, holding the tibia and fibula in correct anatomical alignment.
Synovectomy
A synovectomy is a surgical procedure in which the inflamed synovial membrane lining a joint is removed. It is most commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
Synovial fluid
Synovial fluid is a viscous liquid found in joint cavities that lubricates joints, nourishes cartilage, and absorbs mechanical shock. Changes in its composition can indicate joint disease.
Synovial Fluid Analysis
Synovial fluid analysis is a diagnostic test examining the fluid inside joints to identify conditions such as arthritis, gout, or joint infections.
Synovial membrane
The synovial membrane lines the inner surface of joint cavities. It produces synovial fluid, lubricates cartilage, and supports joint health.
Synovialitis
Synovialitis is an inflammation of the synovial membrane lining the joint capsule. It causes joint pain, swelling, and restricted movement in the affected joints.
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue, potentially affecting multiple organs throughout the body.
Die neusten Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryPhthalates
Phthalates are synthetic chemical compounds widely used as plasticizers in plastics. They are considered endocrine disruptors and may pose risks to human health, particularly in vulnerable populations.
Zearalenone
Zearalenone is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium molds on grain crops. It can disrupt the hormonal system in humans and animals.
Mycotoxins
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by mold fungi that can contaminate food and feed, posing serious health risks to humans and animals worldwide.
Die meistgelesenen Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryMagnesiumcarbonat
Magnesiumcarbonat ist eine anorganische Magnesiumverbindung mit säure-neutralisierender (antazidischer) Wirkung. Erfahre mehr über Vorteile, Einsatzgebiete und Unterschiede zu besser resorbierbaren Magnesiumformen.
Calorie content
The choice of food influences our energy intake. The calorie content varies greatly - some provide little energy, others a lot.
Cologne list
The Cologne List ® is an important initiative in competitive sports that offers athletes guidance in the selection of nutritional supplements.