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Glossar: I
Do you have questions about specific symptoms or ingredients? Our glossary provides an A-to-Z guide to your health.
I
449 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryIbandronate
Ibandronate is a bisphosphonate used to treat osteoporosis and bone complications caused by cancer. It reduces bone loss and helps maintain or improve bone density.
IBS Prebiotic
An IBS prebiotic is a dietary compound that selectively nourishes beneficial gut bacteria, helping to restore microbiome balance and relieve irritable bowel syndrome symptoms.
ICD-10 Code
The ICD-10 code is an international system for classifying diseases and health conditions. It is used worldwide in medical documentation, billing, and health statistics.
ICP Screening
ICP screening (Inductively Coupled Plasma Screening) is an analytical technique for trace and elemental analysis.
Identification
Identification in medicine refers to the clear and accurate determination of a person's identity or the nature of a substance, pathogen, or finding to ensure safe patient care.
Identity Disorder
Identity disorder refers to a disrupted sense of self and an unstable perception of one own identity. It often occurs alongside other mental health conditions and can significantly impact daily life.
Idiomusculär Ridge
The idiomuscular ridge is a local muscle reaction triggered by mechanical stimulation of a skeletal muscle. It is considered a diagnostic sign in certain medical conditions.
IFK (Bundesverband selbstständiger Physiotherapeuten e.V.)
Der IFK (Bundesverband selbstständiger Physiotherapeuten e.V.) ist ein Berufsverband, der die Interessen selbstständig tätiger Physiotherapeutinnen und Physiotherapeuten in Deutschland vertritt.
IgG4-related disease
IgG4-related disease is a rare immune-mediated condition causing inflammation and fibrosis across multiple organs. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent permanent organ damage.
IL-6 receptor blocker
IL-6 receptor blockers are medications that inhibit the signaling molecule interleukin-6, thereby reducing excessive inflammation. They are used to treat autoimmune diseases and severe inflammatory conditions.
Ileocolitis
Ileocolitis is an inflammation affecting both the lower small intestine (ileum) and the large intestine (colon). It is most commonly associated with Crohn's disease and certain intestinal infections.
Ileum Resection
Ileum resection is a surgical procedure in which part of the ileum (small intestine) is removed. It is performed for conditions such as Crohn's disease, tumors, or bowel obstruction.
Iliotibial Band Syndrome
Iliotibial band syndrome is a common overuse injury of the knee affecting mainly runners and cyclists, causing pain on the outer side of the knee.
Immediate-Type Reaction
An immediate-type reaction is an allergic response that occurs within minutes of exposure to an allergen. Mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE), it can range from mild skin symptoms to life-threatening anaphylactic shock.
Immune Activation
Immune activation refers to the stimulation of the immune system in response to pathogens, foreign substances, or inflammatory signals. It is essential for fighting infections and maintaining overall health.
Immune Activation Markers
Immune activation markers are molecules on immune cells that indicate whether the immune system is active. They help physicians detect inflammation, infections, or immune disorders.
Immune activation optimization
Immune activation optimization refers to targeted strategies that improve the body's immune response through nutrition, lifestyle adjustments, and supplementation.
Immune Activation Test
The immune activation test is a diagnostic procedure that measures the activation of immune cells in the blood, helping to assess immune responses in infections, autoimmune diseases, or allergies.
Immune Boosting Programme
An immune boosting programme is a structured plan combining nutrition, supplementation and lifestyle changes to strengthen the body´s natural defences.
Immune Cell
Immune cells are specialized cells of the immune system that protect the body against pathogens, foreign substances, and abnormal cells such as cancer cells.
Immune Cell Activity
Immune cell activity describes the capacity of immune cells to detect and combat pathogens. It is essential for a healthy and well-functioning immune defense system.
Immune Cell Analysis
Immune cell analysis is a diagnostic method used to examine and quantify the different cell types of the immune system in the blood, providing key insights into immune health.
Immune Cell Balance
Immune cell balance refers to the healthy equilibrium among the various immune cell types in the body, which is essential for effective immune defense.
Immune Cell Clone
An immune cell clone is a group of genetically identical immune cells derived from a single precursor cell. Clones are central to the immune response and play a key role in certain diseases.
Immune cell cloning
Immune cell cloning is the process of producing genetically identical immune cells from a single parent cell. It plays a key role in research, diagnostics, and modern medical therapies.
Immune Cell Culture
Immune cell culture is a laboratory technique in which immune cells are grown outside the body to study diseases and develop new medical therapies.
Immune Cell Density
Immune cell density describes the number of immune cells per unit of tissue. It is a key diagnostic marker in oncology, pathology, and inflammatory disease research.
Immune Cell Differentiation
Immune cell differentiation is the process by which immature precursor cells develop into specialized cells of the immune system. It is essential for a fully functioning immune response.
Immune Cell Growth Factor
Immune cell growth factors are endogenous signaling molecules that regulate the growth, maturation, and activity of immune cells. They are essential for a properly functioning immune defense.
Immune Cell Infusion
Immune cell infusion is a therapeutic procedure in which specially prepared immune cells are administered intravenously to strengthen the immune system or treat diseases such as cancer.
Immune Cell Maturation
Immune cell maturation describes the process by which immature precursor cells develop into fully functional immune cells. This process is essential for an effective immune defense.
Immune Cell Maturation Markers
Immune cell maturation markers are molecular indicators on cell surfaces that reflect the developmental stage of immune cells and are used in diagnostics and research.
Immune cell maturation test
The immune cell maturation test is a diagnostic procedure that evaluates the maturation stages and functional quality of immune cells in the blood, providing key insights into immune system disorders.
Immune Cell Migration
Immune cell migration is the directed movement of immune cells through the body toward sites of infection or inflammation – a fundamental process of the immune defense system.
Immune Cell Migration Inhibition
Immune cell migration inhibition refers to the suppression of the ability of immune cells to travel through the body. It plays a key role in inflammatory processes and immunological diseases.
Immune Cell Networking
Immune cell networking describes the communication and cooperation between different immune cells in the body to coordinate an effective defense response.
Immune cell nutrition
Immune cell nutrition refers to the targeted supply of nutrients that support the function and defensive capacity of immune cells. A balanced diet is essential for a strong immune system.
Immune cell programming
Immune cell programming refers to the targeted modification and reprogramming of immune cells to fight diseases such as cancer or autoimmune disorders more effectively.
Immune cell proliferation
Immune cell proliferation refers to the division and multiplication of immune cells in the body. It is essential for an effective immune response against pathogens and foreign substances.
Immune Cell Protection
Immune cell protection refers to the mechanisms and strategies that shield immune cells from damage and preserve their function, ensuring a strong and resilient defense system.
Immune cell regeneration
Immune cell regeneration is the process by which the body continuously renews and replaces immune cells. It is essential for maintaining a strong and effective immune defense.
Immune Cell Rejuvenation
Immune cell rejuvenation refers to biological processes and strategies aimed at restoring the function of aged immune cells and enhancing overall immune performance.
Immune Cell Response
Immune cell activation is the process by which cells of the immune system detect pathogens or foreign substances and initiate a targeted defense response.
Immune cell stimulation
Immune cell stimulation refers to the targeted activation of immune system cells to strengthen the body's natural defenses. It plays a key role in medicine, nutrition, and therapy.
Immune Cell Subpopulation
Immune cell subpopulations are specialized groups of immune cells that perform distinct defense functions in the body. Their analysis is essential for diagnosing and treating many diseases.
Immune cell subpopulation analysis
Immune cell subpopulation analysis is a diagnostic procedure used to identify and quantify different subgroups of immune cells in the blood. It provides key insights into immune deficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and infections.
Immune Cell Therapy Protocol
An immune cell therapy protocol is a structured treatment plan for cell-based immunotherapies, e.g. in cancer care. It defines dosing, procedures, and patient monitoring.
Immune Cell Transfer
Immune cell transfer is a medical procedure in which immune cells are taken from a donor or patient and infused into a recipient to treat cancer or immune disorders.
Immune Cell Transfer Therapy
Immune cell transfer therapy is an advanced immunotherapy in which immune cells are transferred to a patient to specifically target diseases such as cancer.
Immune Cell Vitality
Immune cell vitality refers to the functional capacity and activity of immune cells in the human body. High immune cell vitality is essential for a strong defense against pathogens and disease.
Immune cell vitality markers
Immune cell vitality markers are biological parameters that measure the functionality and activity of immune cells. They help assess the overall condition and responsiveness of the immune system.
Immune cell vitality test
The immune cell vitality test is a laboratory test that measures the functionality and activity of immune cells in the blood, providing insight into the performance of the immune system.
Immune Cell Vitalization
Immune cell vitalization refers to targeted measures that strengthen and activate immune cells to enhance the body's natural defenses. It plays a key role in prevention and therapy.
Immune Complex
An immune complex forms when antibodies bind to antigens. These structures are key to immune defense but can also trigger inflammatory reactions when deposited in tissues.
Immune Cure
An immune cure is a targeted program to strengthen the immune system through supplements, nutrition, and lifestyle changes. It supports the body's natural defenses effectively.
Immune Defense
Immune defense refers to the body´s ability to detect and fight pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It is regulated by the immune system.
Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Immune deficiency syndrome refers to a condition in which the immune system is impaired, leaving the body less capable of fighting infections and certain diseases.
Immune Factors
Immune factors are biological messengers and proteins that regulate the immune system and play a central role in defending the body against pathogens.
Immune Homeostasis
Immune homeostasis refers to the dynamic balance of the immune system that ensures an appropriate immune response without causing damage to the body´s own tissues.
Immune Metabolism
Immune metabolism refers to all metabolic processes activated by the immune system to detect and fight pathogens and harmful substances. It is essential for maintaining good health.
Immune Metabolism Markers
Immune metabolism markers are measurable biological parameters that provide information about the activity of the immune system, helping doctors detect inflammation, infections, and immune reactions at an early stage.
Immune Modulation Formula
An immune modulation formula is a targeted combination of nutrients and bioactive compounds designed to regulate, strengthen, or balance the immune system.
Immune Response
The immune response is the reaction of the immune system to pathogens, foreign substances, or non-self structures. It protects the body from infections and disease.
Immune system
The immune system is the body's complex defence system that fights harmful pathogens such as viruses, bacteria or fungi and protects the body from infections.
Immune System Balance
Immune system balance refers to the optimal equilibrium of the immune response: strong enough to fight pathogens, yet controlled enough to protect the body´s own tissues.
Immune System Proteins
Immune system proteins are specialized molecules that regulate and support the body's defense against pathogens. They include antibodies, cytokines, complement proteins, and many other key molecules.
Immune Tolerance
Immune tolerance is the ability of the immune system to recognize and accept the body´s own structures without attacking them, preventing autoimmune diseases.
Immunodeficiency
Immune deficiency, also known as immunodeficiency, refers to a reduced function of the immune system, which makes the body more susceptible to infections and diseases.
Immunoelectrophoresis
Immunoelectrophoresis is a laboratory diagnostic method used to analyze proteins in blood or urine, particularly for detecting abnormalities in antibodies and immunoglobulins.
Immunofluorescence
Immunofluorescence is a diagnostic technique in which antibodies are labeled with fluorescent dyes to visualize specific structures in tissue samples or cells.
Immunoglobulin
Immunoglobulins are antibodies produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. They are essential components of the body's adaptive immune response.
Immunoglobulin D
Immunoglobulin D (IgD) is an antibody class of the human immune system, found mainly on the surface of B lymphocytes, where it plays a key role in immune regulation and early immune responses.
Immunoglobulin Deficiency
Immunoglobulin deficiency is a condition in which the body produces insufficient antibodies, weakening the immune system and increasing susceptibility to infections.
Immunoglobulin E
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is an antibody produced by the immune system that plays a key role in allergic reactions and the defense against parasites.
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant antibody type in human blood and a key component of the immune system for fighting infections.
Immunoglobulin Infusion
An immunoglobulin infusion is a medical treatment in which antibodies are administered intravenously or subcutaneously to strengthen or regulate the immune system.
Immunoglobulin Infusion Therapy
Immunoglobulin infusion therapy is a medical treatment in which concentrated antibodies are administered via infusion to strengthen or regulate the immune system.
Immunoglobulin Kinetics
Immunoglobulin kinetics describes how antibodies are produced, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated in the body. It is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of immunological disorders.
Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is an antibody produced by the immune system as the first line of defense against new infections, playing a key role in the early immune response.
Immunoglobulin Profile
The immunoglobulin profile is a blood test that measures the levels of different antibody classes in the blood. It is used to diagnose immune deficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and certain blood disorders.
Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy
Immunoglobulin replacement therapy supplies the body with antibodies from an external source to support a weakened immune system that cannot produce sufficient antibodies on its own.
Immunoglobulin Subclass
Immunoglobulin subclasses are subdivisions of antibody classes in the human immune system, such as IgG1 to IgG4. They differ in structure and immune function.
Immunoglobulin Synthesis
Immunoglobulin synthesis is the process by which B cells and plasma cells produce antibodies to defend the body against pathogens and foreign substances.
Immunoglobulin Therapy
Immunoglobulin therapy is a medical treatment using antibodies derived from human blood plasma to strengthen or regulate the immune system.
Immunoglobulins (Ig)
Immunoglobulins (Ig) - also known as antibodies - are specialised proteins that are produced by the immune system to specifically recognise pathogens such as bacteria, viruses or fungi and render them harmless.
Immunohistochemistry
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a diagnostic technique that uses antibodies to detect specific proteins in tissue samples. It is an essential tool in pathology and cancer diagnostics.
Immunological Synapse
The immunological synapse is a specialized contact zone between immune cells that enables T-cell activation and a targeted immune response.
Immunometabolism
Immunometabolism describes the interaction between metabolic processes and the immune system, shaping immune responses in conditions such as diabetes, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.
Immunomodulation
Immunomodulation refers to the ability of certain substances or therapies to influence and control the function of the immune system.
Immunomodulation Therapy
Immunomodulation therapy is a medical treatment approach that specifically targets the immune system to treat or prevent diseases by enhancing or suppressing immune responses.
Immunomodulator
An immunomodulator is a substance that selectively influences the immune system, either by stimulating or suppressing it. It is used in autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancer.
Immunophenotyping
Immunophenotyping is a diagnostic method that identifies and classifies immune cells based on their surface markers. It is primarily used in the diagnosis of blood cancers and immune disorders.
Immunosenescence
Immunosenescence refers to the age-related decline and restructuring of the immune system, leading to reduced immune defenses and increased susceptibility to infections, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.
Immunosuppressant
An immunosuppressant is a medication that deliberately reduces the activity of the immune system. It is used after organ transplants and to treat autoimmune diseases.
Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression refers to the deliberate or disease-caused reduction of immune system activity. It is used, for example, after organ transplants or to treat autoimmune diseases.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is a medical treatment approach that specifically activates or modulates the body's immune system to fight diseases such as cancer or allergies.
Impact Training
Impact training refers to exercise forms involving repeated physical impacts that strengthen bones, muscles, and joints, improving bone density, strength, and coordination.
Impaired Insulin Secretion
Impaired insulin secretion refers to a dysfunction in the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is a key factor in type 2 diabetes and leads to elevated blood glucose levels.
Imperial Insurance Code
The Imperial Insurance Code (Reichsversicherungsordnung, RVO) was a landmark German social law enacted in 1911, consolidating statutory health, accident, and pension insurance into one unified code.
Impetigo Contagiosa
Die Borkenflechte, medizinisch Impetigo contagiosa, ist eine hoch ansteckende bakterielle Hautinfektion, die vor allem Säuglinge und Kinder, seltener Erwachsene betrifft.
Impfschäden
Ein Impfschaden bezeichnet eine gesundheitliche Schädigung, die über das übliche Maß einer Impfreaktion hinausgeht und länger als sechs Monate andauert.
Impingement
Impingement refers to the painful pinching of soft tissue structures within a joint, most commonly at the shoulder or hip. It causes pain, restricted movement, and can lead to permanent damage if left untreated.
Impingement syndrome
Impingement syndrome is a painful shoulder condition in which tendons or bursae become pinched in the joint. It causes pain when lifting the arm.
Implant exchange
An implant exchange is a surgical procedure in which an existing medical implant is removed and replaced with a new one.
Implantation
Implantation is the process by which a fertilized egg embeds itself into the uterine lining – a critical step in establishing early pregnancy.
Implantation Bleeding
Implantation bleeding is a light, short-lasting bleed that can occur when a fertilized egg attaches itself to the lining of the uterus, usually 6 to 12 days after conception.
Implantology
Implantology is a specialized field of dentistry focused on the placement of artificial tooth roots (implants) into the jawbone to replace missing teeth.
Impressio cardiaca
The impressio cardiaca is a natural indentation on the lung or liver caused by the pressure of the adjacent heart. It is a normal anatomical finding with no disease value.
Improving Blood Circulation
Improving blood circulation refers to measures that enhance blood flow to tissues and organs. It includes medical, herbal, and physical approaches.
Incarceration
Incarceration refers to the entrapment of tissue or organs, most commonly in a hernia. It can block blood supply and rapidly become a medical emergency requiring urgent surgery.
Incidentaloma
An incidentaloma is a tumor or mass lesion discovered incidentally during imaging performed for an unrelated reason, without prior clinical suspicion.
Incisional Hernia
An incisional hernia occurs when tissue or organs protrude through a weakened surgical scar in the abdominal wall. It is a common complication following abdominal surgery.
Incisura acetabuli
The incisura acetabuli is an anatomical notch at the inferior margin of the hip socket. It allows blood vessels and nerves to pass into the hip joint.
Incisura clavicularis
The incisura clavicularis is a paired articular notch on the manubrium sterni that articulates with the medial end of the clavicle to form the sternoclavicular joint.
Inclisiran
Inclisiran is an innovative medication used to lower LDL cholesterol levels. It is administered by injection just twice a year and belongs to the class of siRNA therapeutics.
Incomplete Abortion
Incomplete abortion refers to a miscarriage in which parts of the pregnancy tissue remain in the uterus, requiring medical treatment to prevent complications.
Incontinence
Incontinence refers to the involuntary loss of urine or stool, which cannot be consciously controlled.
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Increase serotonin: Learn how to naturally boost your serotonin levels through diet, exercise, sunlight exposure, and targeted supplementation.
Increased Abdominal Pressure
Increased abdominal pressure refers to a pathological rise in pressure within the abdominal cavity. It can affect multiple organs and requires medical evaluation when severe.
Incretin Mimetic
An incretin mimetic is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes that mimics the effects of natural gut hormones to regulate blood sugar levels.
Incubation Period
The incubation period is the time between infection with a pathogen and the appearance of the first symptoms of illness. It varies depending on the pathogen.
Indian Basil
Indian Basil (Tulsi) is a sacred medicinal herb in Ayurvedic medicine, valued for its adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
Indirect Bilirubin Level
The indirect bilirubin level refers to the unconjugated form of bilirubin in the blood that has not yet been processed by the liver. Elevated levels may indicate increased red blood cell breakdown or liver dysfunction.
Individualized tuberculosis therapy
Individualized tuberculosis therapy tailors TB treatment to each patient based on resistance profiles, comorbidities, and individual tolerability to maximize treatment success.
Indometacin
Indometacin is a potent anti-inflammatory drug belonging to the group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation.
Inductive effect
The inductive effect describes the transmission of charge along a carbon chain through the polarisation of bonds – a fundamental concept in organic chemistry.
Indwelling Urinary Catheter
An indwelling urinary catheter is a flexible tube inserted into the bladder to continuously drain urine. It is used when normal bladder emptying is not possible due to illness or surgery.
Infant Botulism
Infant botulism is a rare but serious illness in babies caused by Clostridium botulinum spores that germinate in the gut, produce a powerful toxin, and lead to progressive muscle weakness.
Infant Formula
Infant formula is an industrially produced breast milk substitute for babies that provides all essential nutrients and is strictly regulated by law.
Infantile colic
Infantile colic refers to episodes of intense, unexplained crying in otherwise healthy babies during the first months of life. It is harmless but can be very stressful for parents.
Infection Prophylaxis
Infection prophylaxis refers to all preventive measures aimed at stopping infectious diseases before they occur, including hygiene, vaccinations, and medication.
Infectious
Infectious describes the ability of a pathogen to invade a host, multiply, and cause disease. It is a fundamental concept in medicine and public health.
Infectious Disease
An infectious disease occurs when pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi invade the body and cause harm. Common signs include fever, inflammation, and general feelings of illness.
Infectious Mononucleosis
Infectious mononucleosis, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, leads to fatigue, sore throat and swollen lymph nodes. Learn more about recovery and immune support.
Inferior Gluteal Nerve
The inferior gluteal nerve is a motor nerve of the pelvis that supplies the gluteus maximus muscle, playing a key role in hip extension and upright posture.
Infertility
Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse. It affects both men and women and has many possible causes.
Infiltrate
An infiltrate is an abnormal accumulation of fluid, cells, or substances within body tissue, commonly occurring in infections, inflammation, or tumors.
Inflammaging
Inflammaging refers to a chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation that develops with aging and is closely linked to the onset of many age-related diseases.
Inflammation
Inflammation is a natural defence reaction of the body to infections, injuries or harmful stimuli.
Inflammation Activation Markers
Inflammation activation markers are laboratory values that indicate an active inflammatory process in the body. They help physicians detect and monitor inflammation at an early stage.
Inflammation Biochemistry
Inflammation biochemistry describes the molecular and chemical processes underlying inflammatory responses in the body, including signaling molecules, enzymes, and pathways that regulate the immune system.
Inflammation Diagnostics
Inflammation diagnostics refers to medical tests used to detect and evaluate inflammatory processes in the body. It helps physicians identify the causes of symptoms and initiate targeted treatment.
Inflammation Filter
The inflammation filter is a nutrition and lifestyle concept designed to reduce chronic inflammation in the body and promote long-term health through targeted dietary and behavioural choices.
Inflammation filter analysis
An inflammation filter analysis is a diagnostic approach that evaluates multiple inflammatory biomarkers in the blood to detect silent or chronic inflammation at an early stage.
Inflammation kinetics
Inflammation kinetics describes the time course and dynamics of inflammatory reactions in the body. It is central to the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Inflammation markers
Inflammation markers are measurable substances in the blood that indicate inflammatory processes in the body - both in acute infections and in chronic silent inflammation (silent inflammation).
Inflammation of the bladder (cystitis)
Cystitis is a common urinary tract infection which is usually caused by a bacterial infection in particular by the bacterium Escherichia coli.
Inflammation of the gums
Inflammation of the gums, medically known as gingivitis, is a superficial inflammation of the gums that is usually caused by bacterial plaque.
Inflammation prevention
Inflammation prevention refers to strategies that reduce the risk of chronic inflammation in the body. Diet, lifestyle, and targeted nutrients play a key role.
Inflammation Resistance
Inflammation resistance describes the body's ability to regulate excessive inflammatory responses and counteract chronic inflammation – a key factor for long-term health and disease prevention.
Inflammation Screening
Inflammation screening is a diagnostic blood test used to detect silent or chronic inflammatory processes in the body through specific biomarkers.
Inflammation Stop
Inflammation stop refers to the targeted inhibition or resolution of inflammatory processes in the body through natural mechanisms, diet, or medical treatment.
Inflammatory Cascade
The inflammatory cascade is a series of biological reactions triggered by the body in response to injury or infection. It protects tissues and promotes healing.
Inflammatory Cytokine Analysis
Inflammatory cytokine analysis is a diagnostic procedure that measures immune signaling proteins in the blood to detect and monitor inflammatory processes in the body.
Inflammatory cytokine blockade
Inflammatory cytokine blockade is a targeted therapy that inhibits pro-inflammatory signaling proteins (cytokines) to suppress excessive or misdirected immune responses.
Inflammatory Cytokine Profile
The inflammatory cytokine profile refers to the measurable levels of pro-inflammatory signaling proteins (cytokines) in the blood, used to assess the extent and nature of inflammatory processes in the body.
Inflammatory cytokine protection
Inflammatory cytokine protection refers to strategies that reduce or regulate the harmful effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the body, which play a key role in many chronic diseases.
Inflammatory index
The inflammatory index rates how strongly foods or dietary patterns promote or inhibit inflammatory processes in the body. It helps assess nutrition-related inflammation risks.
Inflammatory markers
Inflammatory markers are blood test values that indicate inflammation in the body. They help doctors detect infections, autoimmune diseases, and other medical conditions.
Inflammatory Markers in the Blood
Inflammatory markers in the blood indicate whether inflammation is present in the body. They help doctors detect infections, autoimmune diseases, and other conditions.
Inflammatory Mediators
Inflammatory mediators are signaling molecules produced by the body to trigger and regulate inflammation. They play a key role in immune responses and many diseases.
Inflammatory Protein
Inflammatory proteins are substances produced by the body during inflammatory responses. They serve as key markers for diagnosing and monitoring inflammation and related diseases.
Inflammatory Protein Analysis
Inflammatory protein analysis is a diagnostic procedure that measures inflammation markers in the blood to detect and monitor inflammatory processes in the body.
Inflammatory Response
The inflammatory response is the body's natural defense reaction to injury, infection, or harmful stimuli. It is a key mechanism of the immune system.
Infusion Hydrothorax
An infusion hydrothorax is a rare but serious complication in which intravenous fluid accidentally accumulates in the pleural space instead of entering the bloodstream.
Infusion Pump
An infusion pump is a medical device that delivers fluids, medications, or nutrients into a patient body in a controlled and precise manner.
Ingrown Toenail
An ingrown toenail occurs when the edge of the nail grows into the surrounding soft tissue, causing pain, redness, and inflammation.
Inguinal Canal
The inguinal canal is a short passage through the lower abdominal wall in the groin region. It plays a key role in the development of inguinal hernias.
Inguinal Hernia
An inguinal hernia occurs when tissue or part of an organ – often a section of intestine – protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall in the groin area.
Initial caries
Initial caries is the earliest stage of tooth decay, where the enamel shows first signs of demineralization but has not yet been breached. Early treatment can preserve the tooth without drilling.
Injectable Anaesthetic
An injectable anaesthetic is a substance administered by injection to induce unconsciousness or local numbness. It is widely used in surgery, anaesthesiology, and emergency medicine.
Innate Immunity
Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens. It responds rapidly and non-specifically to infections and foreign substances from birth.
Inner mitochondrial membrane
The inner mitochondrial membrane is a highly specialised cellular structure central to energy production. It houses the protein complexes of the respiratory chain and ATP synthase.
Inner Restlessness
Inner restlessness describes a feeling of tension, nervousness, and agitation without a clear external trigger. It can have both physical and psychological causes.
Innervation
Innervation refers to the supply of nerve fibers to organs, muscles, and tissues. It enables the control of movement, sensation, and internal body functions.
Inositol phosphate
Inositol phosphate refers to a group of phosphorylated derivatives of inositol, a sugar-like compound that acts as a key intracellular signaling molecule in the human body.
Insall-Salvati Index
The Insall-Salvati Index is a radiological measure used to assess patellar height. It describes the ratio between patellar tendon length and patellar length.
Insect protein
Insect protein is a high-quality, bioavailable protein derived from edible insects. It is considered a sustainable alternative to conventional animal protein and is gaining popularity in human nutrition.
Insect Spray
Insect spray is a product used to repel or kill insects. It contains active ingredients that either keep insects away from the skin or eliminate them in the surrounding environment.
Insertion (Genetics)
In genetics, an insertion refers to the addition of extra nucleotides into a DNA sequence. This type of mutation can disrupt gene function and lead to hereditary diseases.
Insertional Tendinopathy
Insertional tendinopathy is a painful condition affecting the attachment point of tendons to bone. It is commonly caused by overuse and presents with localized tenderness at the tendon insertion.
Instillation
Instillation is the slow, drop-by-drop introduction of a liquid into a body cavity or onto a body surface, such as the eyes, ears, or urinary bladder.
Instrumental Examination
An instrumental examination is a medical diagnostic method in which technical devices are used to assess organs, tissues, or bodily functions.
Insufficiency fracture
An insufficiency fracture is a bone break caused by normal stress on weakened bone. It most commonly occurs in patients with osteoporosis.
Insufficient
Insufficient is a medical term describing a condition in which an organ or structure can no longer perform its function adequately. It is central to diagnoses such as heart failure or renal insufficiency.
Insulin biosynthesis pathway
The insulin biosynthesis pathway describes the step-by-step process by which the pancreatic beta cells produce insulin, from gene activation to the mature hormone.
Insulin Duration of Action
Insulin duration of action describes how long an insulin preparation lowers blood glucose. It varies by insulin type and is essential for diabetes therapy planning.
Insulin Pathway
The insulin pathway describes the molecular signaling cascade through which insulin exerts its effects on cells, regulating blood glucose and energy metabolism.
Insulin Receptor Analysis
Insulin receptor analysis examines the number, structure, and function of insulin receptors on body cells. It helps diagnose insulin resistance and metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes.
Insulin Receptor Blockade
Insulin receptor blockade refers to the inhibition of the insulin receptor, preventing insulin from lowering blood glucose. This leads to impaired glucose uptake into cells and can contribute to the development of diabetes.
Insulin receptor kinetics analysis
Insulin receptor kinetics analysis is a diagnostic method used to study how insulin binds to its receptor at the molecular level. It provides key insights into insulin resistance and diabetes.
Insulin Receptor Therapy
Insulin receptor therapy refers to treatments that target the insulin receptor to improve or restore its function, helping to manage metabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes.
Insulin Resistance
Insulinresistenz ist eine Stoffwechselstörung, bei der die Körperzellen auf Insulin nicht mehr richtig reagieren.
Insulin Resistance Diet
In insulin resistance, body cells no longer respond adequately to insulin. A targeted diet can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Insulin resistance index
The insulin resistance index measures how well the body responds to insulin. It helps detect insulin resistance early and assess the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Insulin Secretagogue
An insulin secretagogue is a substance that stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin, used primarily in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Insulin Secretagogue Therapy
Insulin secretagogue therapy is a pharmacological approach to treating type 2 diabetes that stimulates the pancreas to release more of its own insulin.
Insulin Secretion
Insulin secretion is the process by which the pancreas releases insulin into the bloodstream. It plays a key role in regulating blood sugar and overall energy metabolism.
Insulin secretion analysis
Insulin secretion analysis measures how well the pancreas produces and releases insulin. It is a key diagnostic tool for detecting diabetes and metabolic disorders.
Insulin Secretion Curve
The insulin secretion curve shows how the pancreas releases insulin over time, especially after a meal. It is a key parameter in diabetes diagnostics and metabolic assessment.
Insulin secretion kinetics
Insulin secretion kinetics describes the time course and pattern of insulin release from the pancreas. It plays a key role in blood glucose regulation and is central to understanding diabetes.
Insulin Sensitivity
Insulin sensitivity describes how effectively the body's cells respond to insulin. High insulin sensitivity is a key indicator of a healthy metabolism.
Insulin sensitivity analysis
Insulin sensitivity analysis measures how well the body responds to insulin. It helps detect insulin resistance early and assess the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Insulin Sensitivity Markers
Insulin sensitivity markers are measurable values that indicate how well the body responds to insulin. They help detect insulin resistance early and assess the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Insulin Sensitivity Profile
The insulin sensitivity profile describes how well the body´s cells respond to insulin. It helps detect metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes at an early stage.
Insulin Sensitivity Test
The insulin sensitivity test measures how well the body´s cells respond to insulin. It helps detect insulin resistance early and assess the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Insulin sensitivity training
Insulin sensitivity training refers to lifestyle measures that improve the responsiveness of body cells to insulin, positively influencing blood sugar levels and overall metabolism.
Insulin Shock Therapy
Insulin shock therapy is a historical psychiatric procedure in which high doses of insulin were used to induce hypoglycemic coma. It is now considered obsolete and is no longer practiced.
Insulin Therapy
Insulin therapy is a medical treatment in which insulin is administered to regulate blood sugar levels in people with diabetes mellitus.
Insulin Tolerance Test
The Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT) is a diagnostic procedure used to assess pituitary and adrenal gland function as well as growth hormone secretion.
Insulin-Glucose Ratio
The insulin-glucose ratio is a diagnostic value that reflects the relationship between insulin and glucose levels in the blood, helping to identify insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion.
Insulinoma
An insulinoma is a rare tumor of the pancreas that produces insulin uncontrollably, leading to dangerous episodes of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
Insulinotropism
Insulinotropism refers to the ability of certain substances to stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas. It is a key concept in diabetes management and metabolic health.
Integrated Care
Integrated care is a cross-sector healthcare model that coordinates outpatient, inpatient, and rehabilitative services to provide patients with holistic, efficient, and continuous treatment.
Integrative Medicine
Integrative medicine combines conventional and complementary healing approaches to treat the whole person, addressing physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being.
Intensive Care Medicine
Intensive care medicine is a medical specialty focused on monitoring and treating patients with life-threatening conditions. Care is provided in a dedicated Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
Interdental brush
An interdental brush is a small cleaning tool designed to clean the spaces between teeth. It complements toothbrushing and helps prevent cavities and gum disease.
Interdigitating dendritic cell
Interdigitating dendritic cells are specialised immune cells located in the T-cell zones of lymphoid organs. They present antigens and activate naive T-lymphocytes.
Interferon Gamma Release Assay
The Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) is a blood test used to detect tuberculosis infection by measuring the immune response to specific TB antigens.
Interferon-alpha Therapy
Interferon-alpha therapy is a medical treatment using naturally occurring signaling proteins to combat viral infections and certain types of cancer.
Interfollicular
Interfollicular refers to the area located between hair follicles or lymphoid follicles within tissue. The term is used in dermatology and pathology.
Interleukin
Interleukine sind körpereigene Botenstoffe des Immunsystems, die die Kommunikation zwischen Immunzellen steuern und Entzündungsreaktionen regulieren.
Interleukin-12
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a signaling molecule of the immune system that coordinates the body's defense against infections and tumor cells.
Interleukin-2 Therapy
Interleukin-2 therapy is an immunological treatment that activates the body's immune system to fight cancer cells. It is primarily used for kidney cancer and melanoma.
Interleukin-6
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a signaling protein (cytokine) produced by the body to regulate inflammation and coordinate immune responses.
Intermembrane Space
The intermembrane space is the region between the inner and outer membranes of mitochondria. It plays a central role in cellular energy production and apoptosis signaling.
Intermenstrual Bleeding
Intermenstrual bleeding refers to vaginal bleeding that occurs outside of the normal menstrual period. It can be harmless but should always be evaluated by a doctor.
Intermittent claudication
Intermittent claudication is a circulatory disorder of the legs causing pain during walking that is relieved by rest. It is a key symptom of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
Intermittent fasting
Intermittent fasting, also known as intermittent fasting, is a method that involves eating in set time slots and fasting outside these time slots.
Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis
Intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) is a kidney replacement therapy that uses the peritoneum as a natural filter membrane to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood.
Internal Shower
The Internal Shower drink is a viral wellness trend made with chia seeds, water, and lemon juice.
Interstitial Fluid
Interstitial fluid is the fluid that surrounds and bathes the cells in body tissues. It delivers nutrients to cells and removes metabolic waste products.
Intervention
A medical intervention is a deliberate action taken by healthcare professionals to treat, prevent, or diagnose a disease. It can be surgical, pharmacological, or therapeutic in nature.
Intervertebral Discs
Intervertebral discs are cartilage-like cushions located between the vertebrae of the spine. They absorb shock, enable movement, and protect spinal nerves.
Intestinal Bacterial Strain
An intestinal bacterial strain is a specific type of bacteria living in the human gut, playing a key role in the health of the microbiome and overall well-being.
Intestinal Barrier
The intestinal barrier protects the body from pathogens and harmful substances. A compromised barrier can promote inflammation and various diseases.
Intestinal barrier absorption markers
Intestinal barrier absorption markers are diagnostic parameters used to assess the integrity of the gut lining and the ability of the intestine to absorb nutrients and other substances.
Intestinal Barrier Analysis
Intestinal barrier analysis is a diagnostic method used to assess the integrity of the gut lining. It helps detect increased intestinal permeability, commonly known as leaky gut syndrome, at an early stage.
Intestinal Barrier Function
The intestinal barrier function protects the body from pathogens and harmful substances in the gut. A compromised barrier can contribute to inflammation and chronic disease.
Intestinal barrier markers
Intestinal barrier markers are laboratory values that assess the integrity of the gut lining and are used when increased intestinal permeability, or leaky gut, is suspected.
Intestinal Barrier Optimization
Intestinal barrier optimization refers to targeted measures to strengthen the gut lining, reduce inflammation, and sustainably improve overall gut health.
Intestinal Barrier Protection
Intestinal barrier protection refers to all measures that maintain and strengthen the gut barrier, which shields the body from pathogens, toxins, and harmful substances entering the bloodstream.
Intestinal Barrier Protein
Intestinal barrier proteins are structural proteins of the gut lining that maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier and prevent harmful substances from entering the bloodstream.
Intestinal barrier regeneration
Intestinal barrier regeneration refers to the restoration of the protective gut lining. It is essential for digestive health and immune function.
Intestinal Barrier Strengthening
Intestinal barrier strengthening refers to measures that reinforce the gut lining, which protects against pathogens and regulates nutrient absorption.
Intestinal Biopsy
An intestinal biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small tissue sample is taken from the lining of the bowel and examined in a laboratory to diagnose intestinal diseases.
Intestinal cleansing
Cleansing the colon is a proven procedure for promoting intestinal health and is used to remove deposits, toxins and excess waste products from the intestines.
Intestinal Colonization
Intestinal colonization refers to the settlement of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses in the gut. It is essential for digestion, immune function, and overall health.
Intestinal Colonization Therapy
Intestinal colonization therapy aims to establish or restore a healthy gut flora. It is used in cases of dysbiosis, after antibiotic treatment, or for chronic digestive conditions.
Intestinal cure
A bowel cure is a targeted measure to regenerate the intestinal flora, cleanse the intestines and optimise digestion.
Intestinal cure products
Intestinal cure products are specially formulated food supplements that aim to relieve the intestines, regenerate the intestinal flora and harmonise digestion.
Intestinal Epithelial Atrophy
Intestinal epithelial atrophy refers to the deterioration of the cells lining the gut, impairing nutrient absorption and the intestinal barrier function.
Intestinal Epithelial Cell
Intestinal epithelial cells line the inner surface of the gut and are essential for nutrient absorption, immune defense, and maintaining the intestinal barrier.
Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration
Intestinal epithelial regeneration is the continuous renewal of the gut lining by stem cells. It is essential for nutrient absorption, a healthy gut barrier, and overall digestive health.
Intestinal epithelial villus
An intestinal epithelial villus is a tiny, finger-like projection of the small intestine lining that massively increases the surface area available for nutrient absorption into the body.
Intestinal Epithelium
The intestinal epithelium is the single-cell lining of the gut. It regulates nutrient absorption, forms a protective barrier, and plays a key role in digestive and immune health.
Intestinal Fermentation
Intestinal fermentation is the microbial breakdown of indigestible food components in the large intestine, producing key metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids that benefit overall health.
Intestinal Fermentation Disorder
An intestinal fermentation disorder refers to abnormal microbial fermentation in the gut, causing excessive gas production, bloating, abdominal pain, and digestive discomfort.
Intestinal Fermenters
Intestinal fermenters are microorganisms in the large intestine that ferment indigestible dietary fibers, producing short-chain fatty acids essential for gut health.
Intestinal Gas
Intestinal gas is a natural byproduct of digestion. Excessive gas production can cause bloating, a feeling of fullness, and abdominal discomfort.
Intestinal Hormones
Intestinal hormones are signaling molecules produced in the digestive tract that regulate digestion, metabolism, and hunger. They form the largest hormonal system in the body.
Intestinal immune cell
Intestinal immune cells are specialized defense cells located in the digestive tract that fight pathogens and protect gut health.
Intestinal Infection Prophylaxis
Intestinal infection prophylaxis includes all preventive measures to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal infections. Hygiene, diet, and vaccination are key components.
Intestinal inflammation (enteritis)
Intestinal inflammation can cause digestive problems and nutritional deficiencies. Find out more about the causes, symptoms and natural treatment approaches.
Intestinal Inflammation Symptoms
Darmentzündung Symptome beschreiben die typischen Anzeichen einer entzündeten Darmschleimhaut.
Intestinal Lesion
An intestinal lesion is an area of damaged or abnormal tissue in the bowel. It can result from inflammation, infection, tumors, or injury and always requires medical evaluation.
Intestinal Motility
Intestinal motility refers to the ability of the gut to move food and stool through the digestive tract via coordinated muscle contractions. Disorders can lead to constipation, diarrhea, or other digestive complaints.
Intestinal Mucosa
The intestinal mucosa is the innermost layer of the intestinal wall, playing a key role in nutrient absorption, digestion, and immune defense throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
Intestinal Mucosa Biopsy
An intestinal mucosa biopsy is a diagnostic procedure in which a small tissue sample is taken from the lining of the intestine and examined in a laboratory. It helps detect conditions such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or intestinal tumors.
Intestinal Mucosa Care
Intestinal mucosa care refers to measures that maintain and regenerate the protective lining of the gut. A healthy intestinal mucosa is essential for digestion, nutrient absorption, and immune defense.
Intestinal Mucosa Regeneration
Intestinal mucosa regeneration refers to the renewal and healing of the inner lining of the gut. It is essential for healthy digestion and a well-functioning immune system.
Intestinal Mucosal Atrophy
Intestinal mucosal atrophy refers to the deterioration of the intestinal lining, impairing nutrient absorption and the protective barrier function of the gut.
Intestinal Mucosal Biopsy
An intestinal mucosal biopsy is a tissue sample taken from the lining of the intestine to diagnose conditions such as Crohn's disease, celiac disease, or colorectal cancer.
Intestinal Mucosal Inflammation
Intestinal mucosal inflammation refers to inflammation of the inner lining of the intestine. It can be caused by infections, chronic conditions, or medications and typically presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and digestive problems.
Intestinal mucosal markers
Intestinal mucosal markers are laboratory values that indicate the condition of the intestinal lining and assist in the diagnosis of bowel disorders.
Intestinal Mucosal Protection
Intestinal mucosal protection refers to measures and substances that maintain and strengthen the protective barrier of the intestinal lining. An intact intestinal mucosa is essential for digestion, immune defence, and overall health.
Intestinal Mucosal Protective Protein
Intestinal mucosal protective proteins shield the lining of the gut from damage. They stabilize the intestinal barrier and support the regeneration of the intestinal epithelium.
Intestinal Mucosal Regulation
Intestinal mucosal regulation refers to the biological processes that maintain the gut lining as a protective barrier, essential for nutrient absorption, immune defense, and overall digestive health.
Intestinal Mucosal Repair
Intestinal mucosal repair refers to the restoration of the gut lining barrier. It is essential for digestion, immune defense, and overall gut health.
Intestinal obstruction
Darmverschluss (medizinisch: Ileus) bezeichnet eine akute Blockade des Darminhalts, bei der die normale Darmtätigkeit teilweise oder vollständig zum Stillstand kommt.
Intestinal obstruction symptoms
An intestinal obstruction (ileus) causes severe abdominal pain, bloating, and absence of bowel movements. Learn which symptoms indicate a bowel obstruction.
Intestinal Passage
The intestinal passage describes the journey of food through the gut. It is a key part of digestion and influences nutrient absorption and stool formation.
Intestinal perforation
A ruptured bowel is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate medical attention. Find out more about the causes, symptoms and treatment of this serious condition.
Intestinal Permeability
Intestinal permeability describes how permeable the gut lining is to substances. A disrupted barrier can trigger inflammation and contribute to various diseases.
Intestinal Permeability Test
The intestinal permeability test is a diagnostic method used to measure how effectively the gut lining acts as a barrier. It helps detect a so-called leaky gut.
Intestinal Polyp
An intestinal polyp is an abnormal tissue growth on the lining of the bowel. Some polyps can develop into colorectal cancer and should therefore be detected and removed early.
Intestinal reconstruction after antibiotics
After antibiotics, intestinal regeneration is crucial for the regeneration of the intestinal flora;
Intestinal Regeneration
Intestinal regeneration refers to the renewal and healing of the gut lining. Learn how the intestine regenerates and what you can do to actively support this process.
Intestinal rehabilitation
Intestinal rehabilitation is about rebalancing the intestinal flora and improving intestinal function.
Intestinal Transit Time
Intestinal transit time refers to how long it takes for food to travel through the digestive tract from ingestion to excretion. It is a key indicator of digestive health.
Intestinal Villi
Intestinal villi are small, finger-like projections lining the small intestine that massively increase the surface area for nutrient absorption, making them essential for digestion.
Intestinal Villi Healing
Intestinal villi healing refers to the regeneration of the small finger-like projections lining the small intestine, essential for healthy nutrient absorption and overall gut health.
Intestinal villi stimulation
Intestinal villi stimulation refers to the targeted activation of intestinal villi to enhance nutrient absorption in the small intestine. It is a key concept in digestive and gut health.
Intestinal Villous Atrophy
Intestinal villous atrophy refers to the flattening of the villi in the small intestine, severely impairing nutrient absorption. It is most commonly associated with celiac disease.
Intestinal Villous Biopsy
An intestinal villous biopsy is a diagnostic tissue sampling procedure from the small intestinal mucosa used to examine the villi for pathological changes.
Intestinal Villous Damage
Intestinal villous damage refers to injury or destruction of the tiny finger-like projections lining the small intestine that are essential for nutrient absorption, often leading to malabsorption and digestive symptoms.
Intestinal villous oedema
Intestinal villous oedema is an abnormal swelling of the villi in the small intestine that can severely impair nutrient absorption. It often occurs in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases.
Intestinal Villous Tubercle
Intestinal villous tubercles are granulomatous inflammatory nodules forming on the intestinal villi, typically occurring in intestinal tuberculosis and impairing nutrient absorption.
Intestinal Villus Activation
Intestinal villus activation refers to the stimulation of the finger-like mucosal projections in the small intestine that are essential for efficient nutrient absorption.
Intestinal villus cell density
Intestinal villus cell density describes the number of epithelial cells per unit area of the intestinal villi and is a key marker for the health of the small intestinal mucosa.
Intestinal Villus Density
Intestinal villus density describes the number of villi per unit area of the small intestinal mucosa and is a key indicator of the gut´s nutrient absorption capacity.
Intestinal Villus Function
Intestinal villus function refers to the roles of finger-like mucosal projections in the small intestine that enable nutrient absorption. They are essential for healthy digestion.
Intestinal Villus Images
Intestinal villus images show the microscopic structure of the small intestinal lining. They help doctors diagnose conditions such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disorders.
Intestinal Villus Markers (Stool)
Intestinal villus markers are diagnostic parameters measured in stool samples that reflect the condition of the small intestinal villi and mucosal integrity. They support early detection of intestinal damage.
Intestinal villus marking
Intestinal villus marking is a diagnostic procedure used to visualize and assess the villi of the small intestine, helping to detect mucosal changes at an early stage.
Intestinal Villus Maturation
Intestinal villus maturation refers to the development and functional ripening of the finger-like mucosal projections in the small intestine that are essential for nutrient absorption.
Intestinal Villus Protection
Intestinal villus protection refers to preserving the tiny finger-like projections lining the small intestine that are essential for nutrient absorption and immune defense.
Intestinal villus protein markers
Intestinal villus protein markers are specific proteins of the small intestinal mucosa used as indicators of gut health and villous integrity.
Intestinal Villus Regeneration
Intestinal villus regeneration is the process by which the small intestinal lining repairs and rebuilds its finger-like projections that are essential for nutrient absorption.
Intolerance
An intolerance describes a negative reaction of the body to certain substances, foods, or medications – without direct involvement of the immune system.
Intoxication
Intoxication refers to poisoning of the body by harmful substances. It can be caused by chemicals, medications, drugs, or natural toxins and requires prompt medical attention.
Intra-acinar
Intra-acinar refers to structures or processes located within an acinus -- the smallest functional unit of glands such as the lungs, pancreas, or salivary glands.
Intracellular Water Retention
Intracellular water retention refers to the excessive accumulation of fluid inside the body's cells. It can be triggered by various medical conditions, electrolyte imbalances, or dietary factors.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Intracerebral hemorrhage is bleeding that occurs directly within the brain tissue. It is a medical emergency and can cause severe neurological deficits.
Intramuscular Creatine
Intramuscular creatine is the form of creatine stored directly in muscle tissue. It plays a key role in energy supply and significantly influences muscle performance and recovery.
Intraocular Pressure
Intraocular pressure refers to the fluid pressure inside the eye. Elevated levels are a key risk factor for glaucoma and can lead to permanent vision loss if left untreated.
Introduction of Complementary Feeding
Complementary feeding introduction is the gradual transition from exclusive breastfeeding or formula feeding to solid foods in infants, recommended from around 6 months of age.
Intubation
Intubation is the medical procedure of inserting a breathing tube into the trachea to secure the airway. It is a key technique in emergency medicine and anaesthesia.
Intussusception
Intussusception occurs when one part of the intestine slides into an adjacent section, causing a blockage. It is a medical emergency most common in infants and young children.
Inversion trauma
An inversion trauma is one of the most common ankle injuries, occurring when the foot rolls inward and overstretches or tears the lateral ligaments of the ankle joint.
Invert Sugar
Invert sugar is a mixture of glucose and fructose produced by splitting sucrose. It is widely used in the food industry as a sweetener and humectant.
Invisalign
Invisalign is a modern orthodontic system that straightens teeth using custom-made, clear removable aligners – a discreet alternative to traditional braces.
Involuntary Commitment Law
The Involuntary Commitment Law defines the legal conditions and procedures for the compulsory admission of persons with severe mental illness to a psychiatric facility, balancing patient protection with individual rights.
Iodine Absorption
Iodine absorption refers to the uptake of iodine from food into the bloodstream. It occurs mainly in the small intestine and is essential for proper thyroid gland function.
Iodine absorption optimization
Iodine absorption optimization refers to measures that improve the body's uptake of iodine from food or supplements, supporting optimal thyroid function and hormone production.
Iodine Absorption Rate
The iodine absorption rate describes how much iodine the body takes up from food or supplements. It is essential for proper thyroid function and hormone production.
Iodine Deficiency
Iodine deficiency occurs when the body does not receive enough iodine. It can lead to thyroid disorders such as goiter or hypothyroidism.
Iodine kinetics
Iodine kinetics describes how iodine is absorbed, distributed, stored and excreted in the body. It is central to thyroid function and health.
Iodine Metabolism
Iodine metabolism describes the absorption, transport, and utilization of iodine in the body, primarily for the production of essential thyroid hormones.
Iodine Metabolism Analysis
Iodine metabolism analysis examines how the body absorbs, processes, and excretes iodine. It helps detect iodine deficiency or excess at an early stage.
Iodine Metabolism Disorder
An iodine metabolism disorder refers to a dysfunction in how the body absorbs, processes, or utilizes iodine, with significant impact on thyroid function.
Iodine metabolism optimization
Iodine metabolism optimization refers to measures that improve the absorption, utilization, and regulation of iodine in the body to support healthy thyroid function.
Iodine Metabolism Protein
Iodine metabolism proteins are proteins involved in the transport, uptake, and utilization of iodine in the human body. They play a central role in thyroid gland function.
Iodine Prophylaxis
Iodine prophylaxis refers to measures taken to ensure adequate iodine intake and prevent iodine deficiency disorders, including thyroid disease. It is especially important in iodine-deficient regions.
Iodine Supplementation
Iodine supplementation refers to the targeted intake of iodine to prevent or treat iodine deficiency. It is essential for healthy thyroid function.
Iodine Therapy
Iodine therapy uses iodine to treat thyroid disorders. It includes radioiodine therapy and targeted iodine supplementation for conditions such as hyperthyroidism or iodine deficiency.
Iodized Salt Prophylaxis
Iodized salt prophylaxis refers to the deliberate enrichment of table salt with iodine to prevent iodine deficiency in the population and reduce the risk of thyroid disorders.
Iodized Table Salt
Iodized table salt is common table salt enriched with iodine to prevent iodine deficiency disorders in the population. It is a simple and effective way to support daily iodine intake.
Ion Channel
Ion channels are specialized proteins embedded in cell membranes that allow the selective passage of ions such as sodium, potassium, or calcium into and out of cells.
Ipamorelin
Ipamorelin is a synthetic peptide that selectively stimulates the release of growth hormone. It is being studied for various clinical and research applications.
Iridocorneal angle
The iridocorneal angle is an anatomical structure in the eye that regulates the drainage of aqueous humor. Narrowing or blockage of this angle can lead to glaucoma.
Iridocyclitis
Iridocyclitis is an inflammation of the iris and the ciliary body of the eye. It is classified as anterior uveitis and requires prompt medical treatment.
Iris Diagnosis
Iris diagnosis (iridology) is an alternative medicine method in which the iris of the eye is examined to draw conclusions about a person's state of health.
Iron Absorption Enhancement
Iron absorption enhancement refers to dietary and nutritional strategies that improve the uptake of iron in the gut. Certain nutrients, foods and habits can significantly increase the bioavailability of iron.
Iron Absorption Inhibition
Iron absorption inhibition refers to the reduced uptake of iron from food in the intestine, caused by certain substances or diseases. It can lead to iron deficiency and anaemia.
Iron Absorption Rate
The iron absorption rate describes how much of the iron consumed through food or supplements is actually taken up by the body. It varies depending on iron type, diet, and individual needs.
Iron bonding
Iron binding is a biological process in which molecules such as proteins bind and transport iron in the body.
Iron deficiency
Iron deficiency occurs when the body does not have enough iron available to fulfil important functions.
Iron deficiency anaemia
A low haemoglobin level is often a sign of iron deficiency, which leads to iron deficiency anaemia.
Iron infusion
Iron infusions help with severe deficiency, but harbour risks such as oxidative stress due to free iron. Find out at what levels they are useful - and how lactoferrin provides gentle support.
Iron kinetics markers
Iron kinetics markers are laboratory values that reflect the metabolism, transport, and storage of iron in the body. They are essential for diagnosing iron deficiency or iron overload.
Iron levels
The iron levels in the blood provide information about the body's supply of the trace element iron, which is essential for the formation of haemoglobin, the transport of oxygen in the blood and numerous metabolic processes.
Iron metabolism diagnostics
Iron metabolism diagnostics includes laboratory tests to assess the body's iron balance. It helps detect iron deficiency or iron overload at an early stage.
Iron metabolism optimization
Iron metabolism optimization refers to strategies that improve the absorption, transport, storage, and utilization of iron in the body. It is essential for preventing and treating iron deficiency.
Iron Metabolism Protein
Iron metabolism proteins regulate the uptake, transport, and storage of iron in the body. They are essential for blood formation and cellular energy supply.
Iron oxide
Iron oxide is a chemical compound of iron and oxygen, used in medicine as a colorant, contrast agent, and drug carrier in various therapeutic applications.
Iron Poisoning
Eine Eisenvergiftung tritt auf, wenn der Körper übermäßig viel Eisen aufnimmt oder speichert.
Iron Protoporphyrin
Iron protoporphyrin, commonly known as heme, is an iron-containing compound essential for oxygen transport in the blood and cellular energy production.
Iron requirement
Iron is an essential trace element that plays a central role in oxygen transport, cell formation and numerous metabolic processes.
Iron stores
The body's iron stores are crucial for a stable supply of the vital trace element iron, which is primarily required for oxygen transport in the blood, cellular respiration and energy production.
Iron tablets
Iron tablets are a proven means of compensating for an iron deficiency in the body.
Iron Tablets Side Effects
Eisentabletten werden häufig zur Behandlung von Eisenmangel oder Eisenmangelanämie eingesetzt, können jedoch, insbesondere bei empfindlichem Magen oder zu hoher Dosierung, Nebenwirkungen verursachen.
Iron Transferrin
Iron transferrin is the complex formed when the transport protein transferrin binds iron ions in the blood, enabling the safe delivery of iron to cells and organs throughout the body.
Iron-Binding Protein
Iron-binding proteins are proteins that transport and store iron in the body. They regulate iron metabolism and protect cells from iron-related damage.
iron-rich foods
Iron-rich foods provide the essential mineral iron and help prevent iron deficiency. Discover which foods contain the highest amounts of iron and how to optimize absorption.
Irregular astigmatism
Irregular astigmatism is an uneven curvature of the cornea that causes light rays to refract inconsistently, resulting in blurred and distorted vision that cannot be fully corrected with standard glasses.
Irregular Menstrual Cycle
An irregular menstrual cycle refers to deviations in the length, frequency, or intensity of menstrual bleeding. Causes include hormonal imbalances, stress, and underlying medical conditions.
Irritable bowel prevention pathway
The irritable bowel prevention pathway outlines targeted strategies to prevent irritable bowel syndrome through diet, stress management, and lifestyle changes.
Irritable bowel prevention strategy
An irritable bowel prevention strategy includes targeted measures to prevent or reduce the onset of irritable bowel syndrome. Diet, stress management, and lifestyle are key components.
Irritable bowel syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional disorder characterised by abdominal pain, bloating and digestive problems. There are many causes - diet, stress reduction and probiotics often help.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Symptoms
Der Reizdarm (Irritable Bowel Syndrome, IBS) ist eine der häufigsten funktionellen Magen-Darm-Erkrankungen.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Biomarkers
Irritable bowel syndrome biomarkers are measurable biological parameters used to diagnose and classify IBS. They help distinguish IBS from other gastrointestinal disorders.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Diet
The right diet for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can significantly reduce symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Learn which foods help and which to avoid.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Microbiome
The irritable bowel syndrome microbiome refers to the altered gut flora found in IBS patients. Disrupted gut bacteria composition can contribute to symptoms like bloating, abdominal pain, and irregular bowel habits.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Pathogenesis
The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) involves complex interactions between the gut-brain axis, gut motility, the microbiome, and intestinal barrier function.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Prebiotics
Irritable bowel syndrome prebiotics are dietary fibers that nourish beneficial gut bacteria, helping to restore gut flora balance and relieve IBS symptoms.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Prevention
Irritable bowel syndrome prevention includes dietary adjustments, stress management, and lifestyle changes that help reduce the risk of developing or worsening IBS symptoms.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Prevention Program
An irritable bowel syndrome prevention program combines dietary changes, stress management, and lifestyle strategies to reduce the risk of IBS and its recurring symptoms.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Probiotics
IBS probiotics are specialized probiotic supplements used to relieve symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome such as bloating, abdominal pain, and irregular bowel movements.
Irritable Bowel Villi Markers
Irritable bowel villi markers are diagnostic biomarkers that indicate structural changes in intestinal villi associated with irritable bowel syndrome, helping clinicians detect mucosal damage early.
Ischemia modified albumin
Ischemia modified albumin (IMA) is a blood biomarker that forms during oxygen deprivation in cardiac tissue and is used for the early diagnosis of heart attack.
Ischiocural
The ischiocrural muscles are a group of posterior thigh muscles responsible for knee flexion and hip extension, commonly known as the hamstrings.
Islet cell autoantibodies
Islet cell autoantibodies are antibodies directed against the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. They are key biomarkers for the early detection of type 1 diabetes.
Isoamyl p-Methoxycinnamate
Isoamyl p-Methoxycinnamate is a UV filter widely used in sunscreen products to protect the skin from harmful UV-B radiation.
Isocitrate
Isocitrate is a key intermediate in the citric acid cycle, playing a central role in cellular energy metabolism and cancer biology.
Isoflavones
Isoflavone gehören zur Gruppe der Phytoöstrogene , also pflanzlicher Substanzen mit östrogenähnlicher Wirkung.
Isoflavonoid
Isoflavonoids are plant-based polyphenols with estrogen-like activity. Found mainly in soy, they are widely studied for their potential health benefits, including support for menopause and bone health.
Isoflurane
Isoflurane is a volatile inhalation anesthetic used in general anesthesia for the induction and maintenance of surgical narcosis.
Isolate vs Concentrate
Isolate and concentrate are two processing forms of protein. They differ in protein content, purity, and application in nutrition and sports.
Isolated Systolic Hypertension
Isolated systolic hypertension refers to an elevated upper blood pressure reading (systolic ≥140 mmHg) with a normal lower value. It is most common in older adults.
Isoleucine
Isoleucine is an essential amino acid that the body cannot produce on its own. It plays a key role in muscle metabolism, energy production, and wound healing.
Isoliquiritigenin
Isoliquiritigenin is a natural plant compound from licorice root with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cancer-preventive properties.
Isomaltose
Isomaltose is a naturally occurring disaccharide formed during the breakdown of starch. It is found in foods such as honey and beer and is digested in the small intestine by the enzyme isomaltase.
Isomaltulose
Isomaltulose is a naturally occurring carbohydrate with a low glycaemic index that is digested slowly, resulting in only a moderate rise in blood sugar levels.
Isoprismatic Epithelium
Isoprismatic epithelium is a single-layered epithelium composed of cube-shaped cells of equal height and width. It lines glands and ducts, performing secretory and absorptive functions throughout the body.
Isopropanol
Isopropanol is a chemical alcohol widely used as a disinfectant and solvent. It is toxic if ingested, inhaled in large amounts, or absorbed through the skin.
Isoschaftoside
Isoschaftoside is a naturally occurring flavone C-glycoside found in plants, known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.
Isotonic Drinks
Isotonische Getränke sind spezielle Sportgetränke, die eine ähnliche Konzentration an Elektrolyten und Zucker wie das Blut haben.
Isotope Diagnostics
Isotope diagnostics is a nuclear medicine imaging technique that uses radioactive substances to visualize organs and metabolic processes inside the body.
Isoxazolylpenicillin
Isoxazolylpenicillins are penicillinase-resistant antibiotics used specifically against staphylococcal infections. They remain effective against penicillinase-producing bacteria.
Itai-Itai Disease
Itai-Itai disease is a severe chronic cadmium poisoning that causes painful bone softening, fractures, and kidney damage, first documented in Japan.
Itchy Eyes
Itchy eyes are a common symptom often caused by allergies, dry eyes, or environmental irritants. They can affect one or both eyes.
Ivabradine
Ivabradine is a heart medication that reduces heart rate without affecting blood pressure. It is used in chronic heart failure and stable angina pectoris.
Ivermectin
Ivermectin is an antiparasitic medication used to treat a wide range of parasitic infections in humans and animals. It is listed as an essential medicine by the WHO.
Ixekizumab
Ixekizumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and spondyloarthritis by selectively blocking interleukin-17A.
Die neusten Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryZearalenone
Zearalenone is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium molds on grain crops. It can disrupt the hormonal system in humans and animals.
Mycotoxins
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by mold fungi that can contaminate food and feed, posing serious health risks to humans and animals worldwide.
Phthalates
Phthalates are synthetic chemical compounds widely used as plasticizers in plastics. They are considered endocrine disruptors and may pose risks to human health, particularly in vulnerable populations.
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3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryMagnesiumcarbonat
Magnesiumcarbonat ist eine anorganische Magnesiumverbindung mit säure-neutralisierender (antazidischer) Wirkung. Erfahre mehr über Vorteile, Einsatzgebiete und Unterschiede zu besser resorbierbaren Magnesiumformen.
Calorie content
The choice of food influences our energy intake. The calorie content varies greatly - some provide little energy, others a lot.
Cologne list
The Cologne List ® is an important initiative in competitive sports that offers athletes guidance in the selection of nutritional supplements.