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Glossar: T
Do you have questions about specific symptoms or ingredients? Our glossary provides an A-to-Z guide to your health.
T
429 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryT-cell exhaustion
T-cell exhaustion is a state in which immune cells lose their ability to fight infections or cancer. It occurs during chronic infections and in tumor environments.
T-Cell Priming
T-cell priming is the process by which naive T-lymphocytes are activated by antigen-presenting cells. It is a key step in launching a targeted adaptive immune response.
T-Regulatory Cells
T-regulatory cells (Tregs) are specialized immune cells that suppress excessive immune responses and play a key role in preventing autoimmune diseases.
Tachyarrhythmia Absoluta
Tachyarrhythmia absoluta is a form of atrial fibrillation characterized by a rapid, completely irregular heartbeat. It requires prompt medical evaluation and treatment.
Tachycardia
Tachycardia refers to a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute. It can be harmless or indicate an underlying medical condition requiring treatment.
Tachyphylaxis
Tachyphylaxis refers to the rapid loss of efficacy of a drug after repeated use, typically within hours to days.
Takayasu arteritis
Takayasu arteritis is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the large blood vessels, primarily the aorta. It mainly affects young women and can lead to severe circulatory disorders.
Talar osteochondrosis
Talar osteochondrosis is a condition affecting the talus bone of the ankle, involving damage to the cartilage and underlying bone. It causes pain and restricted movement in the ankle joint.
Talonavicular Arthrodesis
Talonavicular arthrodesis is a surgical procedure to permanently fuse the joint between the talus and navicular bone in the foot, relieving pain caused by severe deformity or arthritis.
Tamsulosin
Tamsulosin is an alpha-blocker medication primarily used to relieve urinary symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), helping to improve urine flow.
Target Cell
Target cells are abnormal red blood cells with a distinctive bullseye appearance. They are an important diagnostic marker for various blood and liver disorders.
Targeted Next Generation Sequencing
Targeted Next Generation Sequencing is a molecular genetic diagnostic method that analyzes selected gene regions with high precision and is used in precision medicine.
Targeted sequencing
Targeted sequencing is a molecular genetic method in which specific gene regions are selectively analyzed to identify disease-causing mutations with high precision.
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a nerve entrapment condition near the inner ankle where the tibial nerve is compressed, causing pain, numbness, and tingling in the foot.
Tarsus (Foot)
The tarsus is the proximal bony section of the foot, composed of seven bones. It connects the lower leg to the midfoot and is essential for stability, shock absorption, and movement.
Tartaric Acid
Tartaric acid is a naturally occurring organic acid found mainly in grapes and wine. It is widely used as a food additive (E334) and plays an important role in pharmaceuticals.
Tattoo removal
Die Tattooentfernung ist ein medizinisch-ästhetisches Verfahren zur Reduktion oder vollständigen Entfernung von Tätowierungen aus der Haut.
Tau proteins
Tau proteins stabilise the neuronal cell framework. In Alzheimer's disease, pathological tau changes lead to cell degradation. Find out all about function, diagnostics and current therapeutic approaches.
Tau vaccine
Tau vaccines are innovative therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease. They target pathologically altered tau proteins in order to slow down the progression of the disease. Find out more about the studies and mode of action.
Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a naturally occurring bile acid with potent cytoprotective properties. It is used medically and as a dietary supplement.
Tautomerism
Tautomerism describes the equilibrium between two or more structural forms of a chemical compound that differ in the position of a proton and a double bond.
TBE symptoms
TBE symptoms include fever, headache, and neurological complaints. The tick-borne disease often follows a two-phase course. Learn about signs, progression, and prevention.
TBE tick bite
TBE (tick-borne encephalitis) is a viral disease transmitted by tick bites that can cause inflammation of the brain and meninges. Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure.
TBE Treatment
TBE treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, as no specific antiviral therapy exists. Vaccination and tick prevention are the most effective protective measures.
TBE Vaccination
The TBE vaccination protects against tick-borne encephalitis, a viral disease affecting the nervous system. It is strongly recommended for people in risk areas.
Tea for headaches
Certain herbal teas can help relieve headaches naturally. Learn which teas are most effective and how they work.
Tear Fluid
Tear fluid is a complex aqueous body fluid that moistens, protects, and nourishes the surface of the eye. It plays a vital role in maintaining ocular health and visual clarity.
Tectorigenin
Tectorigenin is a plant-derived isoflavone with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, found in several medicinal plants and actively studied for its health benefits.
Teeth Grinding Therapy
Teeth grinding therapy addresses bruxism – the unconscious grinding or clenching of teeth. Learn about causes, symptoms, and effective treatment options.
Telangiectasia
Telangiectasia refers to permanently dilated small blood vessels visible through the skin as red or purple thread-like lines. They are often harmless but can indicate underlying medical conditions.
Telescopic denture
A telescopic denture is a removable dental prosthesis anchored to remaining natural teeth via double crowns. It provides a secure fit and excellent aesthetics.
Teletherapy
Teletherapy refers to therapeutic treatments delivered remotely via video conferencing, telephone, or digital platforms. It gives patients flexible, location-independent access to psychotherapy and other health services.
Telithromycin
Telithromycin is an antibiotic belonging to the ketolide class, used to treat bacterial respiratory tract infections. It is effective against a broad range of pathogens.
Telomerase Activity
Telomerase activity describes the ability of the enzyme telomerase to elongate shortened telomeres, protecting cells from aging. It plays a key role in cell biology, cancer research, and the biology of aging.
Telomerase Enzyme
The telomerase enzyme is a specialized enzyme that extends the protective ends of chromosomes – the telomeres – helping to prevent cellular aging and maintain genomic stability.
Telomere Biology
Telomere biology studies the structure and function of telomeres – the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes – and their role in cellular aging and disease.
Telomere Biology Markers
Telomere biology markers are measurable parameters that provide information about the length and condition of telomeres, serving as key indicators of biological aging and cellular health.
Telomere Biology Optimization
Telomere biology optimization refers to targeted strategies that protect and extend telomeres to slow cellular aging and promote long-term health and longevity.
Telomere Biology Optimization Protocol
The telomere biology optimization protocol combines lifestyle, nutrition, and targeted interventions to preserve telomere length, slow cellular aging, and support long-term health.
Telomere Biology Profile
The telomere biology profile is a diagnostic test that measures the length and condition of telomeres – the protective caps on chromosome ends – providing insights into biological age and cellular health.
Telomere Biology Stability
Telomere biology stability refers to the ability of telomeres to maintain their structure and function, thereby preventing cellular aging and genetic instability.
Telomere Biology Therapy
Telomere biology therapy is an innovative research approach aimed at lengthening and protecting telomeres in order to slow down aging processes and treat age-related diseases.
Telomere Function
Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes and play a central role in cell division, aging, and genetic stability.
Telomere Length Analysis
Telomere length analysis measures the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes. It serves as a molecular marker for cellular aging and biological age.
Telomere length biology
Telomere length biology studies the structure and function of telomeres – protective DNA caps at chromosome ends – and their role in aging and disease.
Telomere length biology marker
The telomere length biology marker measures the length of telomeres in human cells, providing insights into cellular aging and overall biological age.
Telomere length biology test
The telomere length biology test measures the length of telomeres in human cells, providing insights into biological age and cellular health.
Telomere Length Maintenance
Telomere length maintenance refers to the biological processes that keep the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes stable, preventing premature cell aging and DNA damage.
Telomere Length Measurement
Telomere length measurement is a diagnostic method used to determine the length of telomeres – the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes – as a biomarker for biological age and cellular health.
Telomere length regulation
Telomere length regulation controls the protective caps at chromosome ends, influencing cellular aging, genome stability, and the development of diseases such as cancer.
Telomere Length Stability
Telomere length stability refers to the ability of cells to maintain the protective caps on chromosomes – a key factor in cellular health and biological aging.
Telomere length stabilization
Telomere length stabilization refers to the biological mechanisms and strategies that maintain telomere length in human cells, playing a key role in cellular aging and overall health.
Telomere length stabilization markers
Telomere length stabilization markers are biological parameters that assess the stability and length of telomeres – protective caps on chromosomes closely linked to cellular aging and health.
Telomere length test
The telomere length test measures the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes. It provides insights into biological age and the risk of age-related diseases.
Telomere Maintenance
Telomere maintenance refers to the biological mechanisms that preserve the length and integrity of telomeres – the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes – supporting cell health and longevity.
Telomere regulation markers
Telomere regulation markers are biological parameters that measure the length and stability of telomeres, serving as key indicators of cellular aging and overall health.
Telomere Shortening
Telomere shortening is the natural process by which the protective caps on chromosomes become shorter with each cell division, playing a key role in cellular aging and age-related disease.
Temporal Bone
The temporal bone (Os temporale) is a paired skull bone at the lateral skull base that houses the middle and inner ear and protects vital neurovascular structures.
Temporomandibular Joint
The temporomandibular joint connects the lower jaw to the skull and enables chewing, speaking, and mouth movement. TMJ disorders are among the most common jaw conditions.
Temporomandibular joint surgery
Temporomandibular joint surgery treats disorders and dysfunctions of the jaw joint. It is used when conservative therapies have not provided sufficient relief.
Ten Horn Sign
The Ten Horn sign is a clinical examination finding used to diagnose acute appendicitis. It is elicited by traction on the testis and indicates peritoneal irritation near the appendix.
Tenderness
Tenderness refers to pain or discomfort felt when pressure is applied to a specific area of the body. It is a common clinical sign that may indicate inflammation, injury, or underlying disease.
Tendinitis
Tendinitis is an inflammation of a tendon, most commonly caused by overuse, leading to pain, swelling, and restricted movement.
Tendinopathy
Tendinopathy refers to painful conditions of the tendons, often caused by overuse or degenerative changes. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and reduced function in the affected area.
Tendinosis calcarea
Tendinosis calcarea is a condition in which calcium deposits form within shoulder tendons, causing significant pain and restricted movement.
Tendomyopathy
Tendomyopathy refers to pain syndromes affecting muscles, tendons, and their attachment points. It is often caused by overuse or poor posture.
Tendon Biopsy
A tendon biopsy is a diagnostic procedure in which a small tissue sample is taken from a tendon for microscopic analysis. It helps diagnose conditions such as tendinopathies or tumors.
Tendon Inflammation Hand
Tendon inflammation of the hand is a painful irritation or inflammation of the tendons in the wrist or fingers. It is often caused by overuse and can significantly limit hand mobility.
Tendon Prosthesis
A tendon prosthesis is an artificial implant used to replace a damaged or ruptured tendon when natural healing is no longer possible. It restores movement and function.
Tendon regeneration
Tendon regeneration refers to the biological healing process of damaged tendons. Learn about causes, therapies, and modern treatment approaches.
Tendon Rupture
A tendon rupture is the complete or partial tearing of a tendon, often caused by injury or overuse. It leads to sudden pain, swelling, and loss of movement in the affected area.
Tendon Rupture Repair
Tendon rupture repair is a surgical procedure to restore a completely or partially torn tendon. The goal is to regain full mobility and load-bearing capacity of the affected joint.
Tendovaginitis
Sehnenscheidenentzündung (medizinisch: Tendovaginitis) ist eine entzündliche Reizung der Sehnenscheide, also der schützenden Hülle, die eine Sehne umgibt.
Tennis Elbow
Tennis elbow is a painful condition caused by overuse of the tendons at the outer elbow. It is common among athletes and people performing repetitive arm movements.
Tenosynovitis
Tenosynovitis is an inflammation of the tendon sheath that causes pain, swelling, and restricted movement. It most commonly affects the hand, wrist, and foot.
Terephthalylidene Dicamphorsulfonic Acid
Terephthalylidene dicamphorsulfonic acid is a synthetic UV filter used in sunscreen products to protect the skin from harmful UVA radiation.
Teriparatide
Teriparatide is a bone-building medication used to treat severe osteoporosis. It is a synthetic parathyroid hormone fragment that actively stimulates new bone formation.
Terminal Toe Pad
The terminal toe pad is a specialized anatomical structure found at the tips of the digits in various animals, functioning as a sensory organ and protective cushion for tactile perception.
Terminology
Terminology refers to the complete set of specialized terms used in a particular field of knowledge. In medicine, it enables precise and standardized communication among healthcare professionals.
Terpene Fraction
A terpene fraction is a plant-derived extract rich in concentrated terpene compounds, known for a wide range of biological and therapeutic properties.
Terpinolene
Terpinolene is a monoterpene hydrocarbon belonging to the class of terpenes, naturally occurring compounds responsible for the characteristic aroma of many plants.
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which the parathyroid glands produce excess parathyroid hormone autonomously, even after the underlying cause has been treated. It most commonly develops after long-standing chronic kidney disease.
Tesamorelin
Tesamorelin is a synthetic analogue of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) used to treat HIV-associated lipodystrophy in adults.
Tesofensine-Peptide Stack
The tesofensine-peptide stack combines the compound tesofensine with various peptides for weight loss. Learn about its mechanism of action, application, and safety profile.
Testicular Cancer
Testicular cancer is a malignant tumor of the testis that most commonly affects young men between the ages of 15 and 40. It is highly treatable and has excellent survival rates when detected early.
testicular cancer symptoms
Testicular cancer symptoms: Learn which signs may indicate testicular cancer, when to see a doctor, and how the condition is diagnosed and treated.
Testicular Torsion
Testicular torsion is an acute twisting of the testicle around its own axis, cutting off blood supply and representing a urological emergency requiring immediate surgery.
Testosterone
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone, playing a key role in muscle strength, bone density, sexual function, and overall wellbeing in both men and women.
Testosterone Biosynthesis Pathway
The testosterone biosynthesis pathway describes the biochemical steps through which the body produces testosterone from cholesterol. It occurs primarily in the testes, ovaries, and adrenal cortex.
Testosterone deficiency
Testosterone deficiency refers to abnormally low levels of testosterone in the blood. It can affect both men and women, causing a range of physical and psychological symptoms.
Tetracosahexaenoic acid
Tetracosahexaenoic acid (C24:6) is a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid of the omega-3 family and serves as a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
Tetracosapentaenoic acid
Tetracosapentaenoic acid is a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that plays a key role in the fatty acid metabolism of the human body.
Tetracycline
Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and requires a prescription.
Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. They work by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.
Tetrahydrobiopterin Deficiency
Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (BH4 deficiency) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder. Insufficient BH4 causes elevated phenylalanine levels and impaired neurotransmitter production, leading to neurological symptoms.
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect comprising four structural cardiac abnormalities that cause low oxygen levels in the blood. It is the most common cyanotic heart defect in children.
Tetraparesis
Tetraparesis refers to incomplete muscle weakness affecting all four limbs. It is most commonly caused by damage to the spinal cord or brain.
Thalamic Lesion
A thalamic lesion is damage to the thalamus, a central relay station in the brain. It can affect sensation, consciousness, and motor function.
The total viable
The total viable count (TVC) refers to the total number of viable microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, yeasts, molds) present in a sample.
Thenar Muscles
The thenar muscles are the group of muscles forming the fleshy mound at the base of the thumb. They enable the wide range of thumb movements essential for gripping and fine motor skills.
Theophylline
Theophylline is a medication used to treat respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD. It relaxes and widens the airways, making breathing easier.
Therapeutic Alliance
The therapeutic alliance describes the quality of the relationship between a patient and their therapist. It is considered a key factor in determining the success of psychotherapy.
Therapeutic fasting
Relief fasting is a deliberate, temporary abstinence from food in which solid food is replaced by low-calorie liquids such as water, tea or vegetable broth.
Therapy Adherence
Therapy adherence describes how consistently patients follow their prescribed treatment plan. It is a key factor in achieving positive health outcomes.
Thermal Imaging
Thermal imaging is a diagnostic technique that detects infrared radiation emitted by the body. It helps identify inflammation, circulatory disorders, and other conditions at an early stage.
Thermogenesis
Thermogenesis is the process by which the body generates heat. It regulates core body temperature and plays a key role in energy metabolism.
Thermogenin
Thermogenin (UCP1) is a protein found in brown adipose tissue that converts energy into heat. It plays a key role in thermogenesis and energy metabolism.
Thermoregulation
Thermoregulation is the body´s ability to maintain a stable core temperature of around 37 °C, regardless of changes in the external environment.
Thessaly Test
The Thessaly test is a clinical diagnostic procedure used to detect meniscal tears in the knee joint. It is performed while standing on one leg.
ThetaHealing
ThetaHealing ist eine energetische Heilmethode, die über den Theta-Gehirnwellenzustand tief sitzende Glaubensmuster transformieren soll – für emotionale Heilung und persönliche Entwicklung.
Thigh contusion
A thigh contusion is a blunt injury to the thigh caused by direct impact. It causes pain, swelling, and bruising, but usually heals without surgery.
Thigh Muscle Strain
A thigh muscle strain is a painful overstretching of the thigh muscles. It commonly occurs during sports and causes sudden pain, swelling, and restricted movement.
Thioesterase
Thioesterase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes thioester bonds and plays a central role in fatty acid biosynthesis and lipid metabolism.
Thioredoxin
Thioredoxin is a small endogenous protein that acts as a key antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative stress and regulating redox signaling.
Third stage of labour
The third stage of labour is the final phase of childbirth, during which the placenta and membranes are delivered after the birth of the baby.
Third-Degree AV Block
Third-degree AV block is a severe cardiac arrhythmia in which electrical conduction between the atria and ventricles is completely interrupted.
Thomapyrin
Thomapyrin is an over-the-counter combination painkiller containing aspirin, paracetamol, and caffeine – effective for headaches and migraines.
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
A thoracic aortic aneurysm is an abnormal enlargement of the main artery in the chest. It often causes no symptoms but can become life-threatening if left untreated.
Thraustochytrium sp.
Thraustochytrium sp. is a genus of marine microorganisms known for producing high amounts of DHA, an essential omega-3 fatty acid widely used in nutritional supplements and infant formula.
Throat Cancer
Throat cancer is a malignant tumor of the pharynx. It belongs to the head and neck cancers and is commonly linked to smoking, alcohol consumption, or HPV infection.
Thrombectomy
Thrombectomy is a medical procedure used to mechanically remove a blood clot (thrombus) from a blood vessel. It is commonly performed in cases of stroke, deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism.
Thrombin Activation
Thrombin activation is a key step in blood coagulation in which the inactive precursor prothrombin is converted into the active enzyme thrombin, initiating stable clot formation.
Thrombin Formation
Thrombin formation describes the generation of the enzyme thrombin during blood coagulation. It is a key step in creating a stable blood clot.
Thrombin Time
The thrombin time is a laboratory test used to evaluate blood coagulation. It measures how quickly thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin to form a clot.
Thrombocytic
Thrombocytic refers to anything relating to thrombocytes, also known as platelets. The term describes processes, disorders, or functions directly associated with platelets in the blood.
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by an abnormally low platelet count in the blood, which can lead to increased bleeding risk and has various underlying causes.
Thromboembolic
Thromboembolic refers to conditions or events in which a blood clot (thrombus) blocks a blood vessel or breaks free and causes an embolism in another part of the body.
Thromboembolism
Thromboembolism occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in a vessel, breaks loose, and blocks another vessel. It can be life-threatening and requires prompt medical attention.
Thrombogenesis
Thrombogenesis refers to the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a blood vessel. It is a complex process that can be protective after injury but life-threatening when it occurs as a disease.
Thrombomodulin
Thrombomodulin is a glycoprotein on the surface of vascular endothelial cells that plays a key role in inhibiting blood coagulation and regulating inflammation.
Thrombophlebitis
Thrombophlebitis is an inflammation of a superficial vein, usually associated with a blood clot. It causes pain, redness, and swelling along the affected vein and requires medical evaluation.
Thromboseprophylaxe
Thromboseprophylaxe bezeichnet Maßnahmen zur Vorbeugung der Bildung von Blutgerinnseln in den Venen.
Thrombosis
Thrombosis is the blockage of a blood vessel by a blood clot (thrombus) that obstructs or completely interrupts the normal flow of blood.
Thrombosis Markers
Thrombosis markers are blood laboratory values that indicate a thrombosis or elevated clotting activity. They support diagnosis and individual risk assessment.
thrombosis symptoms
Thrombosis symptoms such as leg swelling, pain, and redness are important warning signs. Learn when to seek immediate medical attention.
Thrush (candidiasis)
Thrush is a fungal infection caused by yeasts of the genus Candida, in particular Candida albicans.
Thumb base orthosis
A thumb base orthosis is an orthopedic splint that stabilizes the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, used for osteoarthritis, injuries, and overuse conditions.
thybon experiences
Thybon is a thyroid hormone preparation containing the active ingredient liothyronine (T3). Patient experiences report improved energy, mood, and metabolism in hypothyroidism cases.
thybon weight loss
Thybon (active ingredient: liothyronine) is a prescription thyroid hormone medication. Using it for weight loss is not medically approved and can be dangerous.
Thymosin alpha-1
Thymosin alpha-1 is a naturally occurring peptide derived from the thymus gland that regulates and enhances the immune response in various diseases.
Thymosin Beta-4
Thymosin beta-4 is a naturally occurring peptide that plays a key role in tissue regeneration, wound healing, and the regulation of inflammation.
Thymosin Beta-4 Fragment
The thymosin beta-4 fragment is a bioactive peptide derived from the full-length thymosin beta-4 protein, exhibiting regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-repairing properties.
Thyrocalcitonin
Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates calcium levels in the blood and plays a key role in bone metabolism.
Thyroglobulin Measurement
Thyroglobulin measurement is a blood test used to detect levels of the protein thyroglobulin, which is produced exclusively by the thyroid gland. It is primarily used to monitor patients after thyroid cancer treatment.
Thyroid antibody profile
The thyroid antibody profile is a blood test that measures specific antibodies targeting the thyroid gland, used to diagnose autoimmune conditions such as Hashimoto thyroiditis or Graves disease.
Thyroid Autoantibodies
Thyroid autoantibodies are immune system antibodies that mistakenly target the body's own thyroid tissue, playing a key role in autoimmune thyroid diseases.
Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid cancer is a malignant tumor of the thyroid gland. It is the most common cancer of the endocrine system and, when detected early, is usually highly treatable with excellent long-term outcomes.
Thyroid Function Analysis
Thyroid function analysis is a diagnostic test that evaluates thyroid activity through blood markers such as TSH, T3, and T4 to detect disorders like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
Thyroid Function Optimization
Thyroid function optimization refers to all medical, nutritional, and lifestyle measures aimed at supporting the thyroid gland and balancing hormone metabolism for overall health.
Thyroid function test
A thyroid function test checks whether the thyroid gland is producing the right amount of hormones. It helps detect conditions such as an overactive or underactive thyroid at an early stage.
Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland is a vital hormone-producing organ in the neck that regulates metabolism, growth, and many essential body functions.
Thyroid Hormone Balance
Thyroid hormone balance refers to the optimal equilibrium of T3 and T4 hormones produced by the thyroid gland, essential for metabolism, energy levels, and overall wellbeing.
Thyroid Hormone Balance Analysis
The thyroid hormone balance analysis measures key thyroid hormones in the blood to assess the balance of thyroid function and detect disorders such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
Thyroid Hormone Kinetics
Thyroid hormone kinetics describes how thyroid hormones are absorbed, distributed, converted, and eliminated in the body. It is essential for diagnosing and treating thyroid disorders.
Thyroid hormone optimisation
Thyroid hormone optimisation aims to fine-tune thyroid hormone levels to an individually ideal range, improving metabolism, energy, and overall well-being beyond standard reference values.
Thyroid Hormone Profile
The thyroid hormone profile is a blood test that measures key thyroid hormone levels, helping to detect overactive or underactive thyroid function at an early stage.
Thyroid Hormone Receptor
The thyroid hormone receptor is a nuclear protein that binds thyroid hormones and regulates the activity of numerous genes. It plays a central role in metabolism, growth, and development throughout the body.
Thyroid hormone receptor analysis
Thyroid hormone receptor analysis examines the receptors that bind thyroid hormones. It helps diagnose thyroid disorders and hormone resistance syndromes accurately.
Thyroid Hormone Sensitivity
Thyroid hormone sensitivity describes how responsive the body´s cells are to thyroid hormones. Impaired sensitivity can cause symptoms even when hormone levels appear normal.
Thyroid Hormone Synergy
Thyroid hormone synergy describes the coordinated interaction of T3 and T4 with other hormones and nutrients to ensure optimal metabolic function.
Thyroid Hormone Therapy
Thyroid hormone therapy replaces or supplements missing thyroid hormones in the body. It is primarily used for hypothyroidism and helps restore metabolism, energy levels, and overall well-being.
Thyroid Microbiome
The thyroid microbiome describes the interactions between the gut microbiota and the thyroid gland. It plays a key role in thyroid function, hormone metabolism, and autoimmune thyroid diseases.
Thyroid Resection
Thyroid resection is a surgical procedure to partially or completely remove the thyroid gland. It is used to treat conditions such as thyroid cancer, goiter, or hyperthyroidism.
Thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid gland)
Thyroid inflammation, also known as thyroiditis, is a disease in which the thyroid gland becomes inflamed, which can impair the function of this important organ.
Tibial Bone Marrow
Tibial bone marrow is the bone marrow located inside the tibia (shinbone). It plays a key role in blood cell production and serves as an emergency vascular access route in critical care.
Tibial plateau fracture
A tibial plateau fracture is a break at the upper end of the shinbone, affecting the knee joint. It often requires surgical treatment for full recovery.
Tibiotalar Arthrodesis
Tibiotalar arthrodesis is a surgical procedure to fuse the ankle joint. It is used for severe arthritis or instability to achieve lasting pain relief and joint stability.
Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis
Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis is a surgical procedure in which the ankle joint and subtalar joint are fused together to relieve chronic pain and restore stability to the hindfoot.
Tick bite Borrelia
Borrelia are bacteria transmitted through tick bites that can cause Lyme disease. Early recognition and treatment are essential for a full recovery.
Tick bite doctor
After a tick bite, a doctor should be consulted if the tick was not fully removed or if symptoms such as skin changes, fever, or joint pain occur.
Tick bite erythema migrans
Erythema migrans is the hallmark early sign of Lyme disease following a tick bite. It appears as an expanding circular rash and requires prompt medical treatment.
Tick bite fever
Tick bite fever refers to a febrile illness following a tick bite, caused by pathogens transmitted during feeding. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for recovery.
Tick bite headache
Headaches after a tick bite can be an early sign of a tick-borne infection such as Lyme disease or TBE. Medical evaluation is strongly recommended.
Tick bite itching
Itching after a tick bite is a common skin reaction. Learn when it is harmless and when medical attention is needed.
Tick bite joint pain
Joint pain after a tick bite can be a sign of Lyme disease. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for a full recovery.
Tick bite redness
Redness after a tick bite can be a harmless skin reaction or a sign of infection such as Lyme disease. Careful observation and medical evaluation are essential.
Tick bite swelling
Swelling after a tick bite is common and can indicate a normal skin reaction or an infection. Early medical evaluation is important for proper care.
Tick bite symptoms
Tick bite symptoms range from mild local skin reactions to serious illnesses like Lyme disease and TBE. Learn which signs require medical attention.
Tick Bite Treatment
Tick bite treatment involves immediate removal of the tick, wound disinfection, and medical monitoring for signs of Lyme disease or tick-borne encephalitis (TBE).
Tick bite vaccination
The tick bite vaccination protects against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a viral disease transmitted by tick bites. It is recommended for people living in or traveling to risk areas.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection transmitted by tick bites that can affect the brain and meninges. Vaccination provides effective protection.
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a disease caused by the TBE virus that is particularly prevalent in Europe and parts of Asia.
Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine side effects
The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccine protects against a serious brain infection spread by ticks. Side effects are usually mild and temporary, resolving within a few days.
Tidal Volume
Tidal volume is the amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a single normal breath. In a healthy adult at rest, it is approximately 500 ml.
TightRope fixation
TightRope fixation is a minimally invasive surgical technique used to stabilize joints such as the acromioclavicular joint or the ankle syndesmosis using a flexible implant system.
TIGIT Axis
The TIGIT axis is an immune checkpoint pathway that regulates T cell activity and plays a key role in cancer and autoimmune diseases.
TIL Therapy
TIL therapy is an innovative cancer immunotherapy in which tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are harvested from a patient, expanded in the lab, and reinfused to fight cancer.
TIM-3 signaling pathway
The TIM-3 signaling pathway is an immunoregulatory mechanism that promotes T cell exhaustion and plays a key role in tumor immune evasion and chronic infections.
Time in Range
Time in Range (TIR) measures the percentage of time blood glucose stays within a target range. It is a key metric in modern diabetes management.
Tingling in the Hands
Tingling in the hands is a common symptom that may indicate nerve or circulatory disorders. Learn about causes, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Tirzepatide
Tirzepatide is a modern medication for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity. As a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, it lowers blood sugar and significantly reduces body weight.
Tissue Acid Load
Tissue acid load refers to the accumulation of acidic metabolic byproducts in body tissues, disrupting the natural acid-base balance and potentially causing various health complaints.
Tissue Biopsy
A tissue biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of body tissue is removed and examined in a laboratory to diagnose diseases such as cancer or inflammation.
Tissue Degeneration
Tissue degeneration refers to the structural and functional breakdown of body tissue. It can result from aging, disease, or external influences and affects various organ systems.
Tissue Edema
Tissue edema is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in body tissue, causing swelling. It can have various causes and affect different parts of the body.
Tissue Growth Factor
Tissue growth factors are naturally occurring signaling proteins that regulate cell growth, division, and tissue repair. They play a key role in wound healing and tissue development.
Tissue Hormone
Tissue hormones are locally acting signaling molecules produced directly within body tissues that regulate important physiological functions.
Tissue Hormone Balance
Tissue hormone balance refers to the equilibrium of locally acting signaling molecules within body tissues. Disruptions can lead to inflammation, pain, and metabolic disorders.
Tissue hormone kinetics
Tissue hormone kinetics describes how locally acting hormones are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated within body tissue. It is key to understanding local hormonal effects.
Tissue Hormones
Tissue hormones are locally acting messenger substances produced directly within body tissues. Unlike classical hormones, they act near their site of origin and regulate a wide range of physiological processes.
Tissue Hypoxia
Tissue hypoxia refers to an insufficient supply of oxygen to the body tissues. It can damage vital organs and requires prompt medical evaluation and treatment.
Tissue Oxygen
Tissue oxygen refers to the availability and delivery of oxygen within body tissues. Adequate tissue oxygenation is essential for cellular function and overall organ health.
Tissue oxygen measurement
Tissue oxygen measurement determines the oxygen level directly in body tissue. It helps clinicians monitor organ and muscle oxygenation and detect critical conditions at an early stage.
Tissue Oxygen Supply
Tissue oxygen supply describes the delivery of oxygen to the body´s cells. It is essential for cellular energy metabolism and the survival of all tissues and organs.
Tissue Regeneration
Tissue regeneration is the biological ability of the body to restore damaged or lost tissue through cellular and molecular processes. It is a key component of wound healing and recovery from injury.
Tissue Remodeling
Tissue remodeling is the biological process by which the body breaks down, renews, and restructures its tissues. It is essential for wound healing, development, and many disease processes.
Tissue Transplantation
Tissue transplantation is a medical procedure in which biological tissue is transferred from a donor to a recipient to restore function or treat injury.
Tissue Water Content
Tissue water content refers to the proportion of water present in the body tissues. It is a key indicator of the body fluid balance and overall health.
Titanium Dioxide
Titanium dioxide (TiO2, E171) is a white pigment used in foods, cosmetics, and medicines. Its safety as a food additive is currently under scientific and regulatory scrutiny.
TLR agonist
A TLR agonist is a substance that activates Toll-like receptors, thereby stimulating the innate immune system. It is used in vaccines, cancer therapies, and infectious disease research.
TNM Classification
The TNM classification is an internationally recognized system for describing the extent of cancer based on tumor size, lymph node involvement, and distant metastases.
Tocopherol extract
Tocopherol extract is a collective term for various forms of vitamin E, which are obtained from natural sources such as vegetable oils (e.g. sunflower, wheat germ or soya oil) and processed into a concentrated extract. vegetable oils (e.g. sunflower, wheat germ or soya oil) and processed into a concentrated extract.
Tocopherol-containing Extracts
Tocopherol-containing extracts are plant-based preparations with a high content of tocopherols (Vitamin E). They act as antioxidants and are used in foods, dietary supplements, and cosmetics.
Toe fracture
A toe fracture is a break in one or more of the small bones of the toes. It commonly results from stubbing, a heavy object falling on the foot, or overuse, causing pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
Tolerogenic dendritic cell
Tolerogenic dendritic cells are specialised immune cells that suppress excessive immune responses and promote immunological tolerance throughout the body.
Toll-like receptor
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are proteins of the innate immune system that detect pathogens and trigger an immune response. They are essential for the body's defense against infections.
Tomes Fiber
The Tomes fiber is a dental term for the cytoplasmic process of the odontoblast that extends through the dentinal tubules and plays a key role in dentin formation.
Tomes Process
The Tomes process is a specialized cell extension of ameloblasts that plays a central role in the formation of dental enamel during tooth development.
Tongkat Ali
Tongkat Ali is a medicinal plant from Southeast Asia traditionally used to enhance vitality, libido, and testosterone levels in men.
Tongue cleaner
A tongue cleaner is a simple yet effective oral hygiene tool designed to remove bacterial coating and debris from the tongue’s surface.
Tonkabohne
Die Tonkabohne ist der Samen des Tonkabaums und wird wegen ihres intensiven, süßlich-würzigen Aromas als geschmacksgebende Zutat verwendet.
Tonsil Stones
Mandelsteine, auch Tonsillensteine genannt, sind kleine, gelblich-weiße Ablagerungen, die sich in den Krypten der Gaumenmandeln bilden.
Tonsil stones causes
Tonsil stones form when debris accumulates in the crypts of the tonsils. Learn about the main causes and risk factors behind tonsilloliths.
Tonsillitides
Tonsillitides are inflammations of the palatine tonsils caused by bacteria or viruses. They typically present with sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and fever.
Tonsillitis
Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils, most commonly caused by viral or bacterial infections. It typically presents with sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and fever.
Tonsillitis (inflammation of the tonsils)
Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils, often caused by a bacterial or viral infection.
Tonsillitis contagious
Tonsillitis is often contagious and is usually spread by viruses or bacteria. Learn how long you are infectious and how to protect yourself and others.
Tonsillitis Home Remedies
Home remedies for tonsillitis can help relieve sore throat pain and support recovery. Discover the most effective natural methods for relief.
tonsillitis what to do
Tonsillitis can be treated with rest, plenty of fluids, and pain relief. Learn when antibiotics are needed and which home remedies can effectively soothe symptoms.
Too much vitamin C
An excessive intake of vitamin C can lead to gastrointestinal complaints and kidney stones. Find out all about the symptoms, limits and sensible dosage of vitamin C supplements here.
Tooth enamel
Tooth enamel is the outermost, hardest layer of the tooth and consists of around 96% minerals, mainly hydroxyapatite, a crystalline form of calcium phosphate.
Tooth Enamel Remineralization
Tooth enamel remineralization is the natural or supported process of restoring lost minerals to tooth enamel, helping to prevent cavities and strengthen teeth.
Tooth extraction
Tooth extraction is a dental procedure in which a tooth is removed from its socket in the jawbone. It is performed in cases of severe decay, infection, or overcrowding.
Tooth neck
The tooth neck is the anatomical transition area between the crown and the root of the tooth, i.e. exactly where the visible part of the tooth meets the gum.
Tooth preservation
Tooth preservation covers all dental procedures aimed at keeping natural teeth for as long as possible, including fillings, root canal treatment, and caries prevention.
Tooth Root Inflammation
Tooth root inflammation is an infection or inflammation at the root of a tooth, usually caused by bacteria. It often causes severe toothache and requires prompt dental treatment.
Tooth transplantation
Tooth transplantation is a surgical procedure in which a natural tooth is moved from one position in the mouth to another. It serves as a biological alternative to dental implants.
Tooth whitening
Tooth whitening refers to cosmetic procedures that lighten discolored teeth. Learn about methods, mechanisms, and safety considerations.
Top of the basilar syndrome
Top of the basilar syndrome is a severe ischemic stroke caused by occlusion of the tip of the basilar artery, leading to life-threatening neurological deficits.
Topical Anaesthesia
Topical anaesthesia is a local pain-relief method in which anaesthetic agents are applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes to block pain sensations temporarily.
Torasemide
Torasemide is a loop diuretic used to treat fluid retention (edema) and high blood pressure. It works by increasing the excretion of water and salts through the kidneys.
Torticollis
Torticollis, also known as wry neck, is a condition in which the head is persistently tilted or rotated to one side. It can be congenital or acquired.
Total ankle replacement
Total ankle replacement is a surgical procedure that replaces a damaged ankle joint with an artificial implant. It relieves pain and preserves mobility in severe ankle arthritis.
Total Antioxidant Capacity
Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measures the ability of the body to neutralize free radicals and combat oxidative stress. It is a key biomarker reflecting the overall antioxidant status of an organism.
Total endoprosthesis
A total endoprosthesis is an artificial joint that completely replaces a worn or damaged joint. It is most commonly used for hip and knee replacements.
Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA)
Hip replacement is a surgical procedure in which a damaged hip joint is replaced with an artificial implant. It relieves pain and restores mobility in patients with severe joint disease.
Total Iron Binding Capacity
Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) measures how much iron the blood can maximally transport. It is a key laboratory value for assessing iron metabolism and diagnosing iron disorders.
Total prosthesis
A total prosthesis replaces an entire joint with an artificial implant. It is used in cases of severe joint degeneration or arthritis to relieve pain and restore mobility.
Toxicology
Toxicology is the science that studies the effects of toxic substances on living organisms. It is a key discipline in medicine, pharmacology, and environmental science.
Toxoplasmose
Toxoplasmose ist eine Infektion, die durch den Parasiten Toxoplasma gondii verursacht wird und insbesondere bei Schwangeren, immungeschwächten Personen und in bestimmten Ländern ein gesundheitliches Risiko darstellt.
Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy
Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii that can pose serious risks to the unborn child. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential.
Trabecular Artery
The trabecular artery is a small blood vessel within the spleen that carries blood through splenic tissue, supporting immune defense and blood filtration.
TRABTRAP study
The TRABTRAP study investigates the efficacy of tTF-NGR + trabectedin in advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Find out more about the study objective, mechanism of action and inclusion criteria.
Trace Mineral Powder
Trace elements act as catalysers in the enzyme system. Some metal ions, such as iron and copper, are involved in oxidation-reduction reactions in energy metabolism.
Tracheal Deviation
Tracheal deviation refers to the lateral displacement of the trachea from its normal midline position. It is an important clinical sign associated with several serious chest conditions.
Trans-Resveratrol
Trans-Resveratrol ist die biologisch aktive Form des pflanzlichen Polyphenols Resveratrol, das vor allem in der Schale roter Trauben, in Beeren, Erdnüssen und in geringem Maß auch in Rotwein vorkommt.
Transaminase Level
The transaminase level is a blood test value measuring liver enzyme concentrations, helping to detect liver damage or other medical conditions.
Transamination
Transamination is a biochemical reaction in which amino groups are transferred between amino acids and keto acids. It plays a central role in amino acid metabolism.
Transdermal Hormone Therapy
Transdermal hormone therapy is a treatment in which hormones are delivered into the body through the skin. It is commonly used to relieve menopausal symptoms.
Transepidermal Water Loss
Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) refers to the amount of water that passively evaporates through the skin to the surrounding environment. It is a key indicator of skin barrier function.
Transferase
Transferases are enzymes that move chemical groups from one molecule to another. They play a central role in the metabolism of the human body.
Transference
Transference is a key concept in psychoanalysis where patients unconsciously redirect feelings from past relationships onto their therapist during treatment.
Transferrin Saturation
Transferrin saturation indicates what percentage of the iron-binding protein transferrin in the blood is actually loaded with iron. It is a key lab value for assessing iron metabolism.
Transferrin saturation (TSAT)
The transferrin saturation (TSAT) shows how much iron is transported in the blood. Find out what the value means, how it is calculated and when it is conspicuous.
Transfusion Reaction
A transfusion reaction is an adverse response of the body during or after a blood transfusion. Causes include blood type incompatibility, allergic responses, or infection.
Transient Elastography
Transient elastography is a non-invasive imaging technique used to measure liver stiffness. It helps detect liver fibrosis early without the need for a biopsy.
Transient Hip Synovitis
Hüftschnupfen (medizinisch: Coxitis fugax) ist eine vorübergehende Entzündung des Hüftgelenks, die vor allem bei Kindern zwischen 3 und 10 Jahren auftritt.
Transitional Vertebra
A transitional vertebra is an anatomically altered vertebra located at the junction of two spinal segments. It can cause back pain and postural issues.
Transplant Rejection
Transplant rejection is an immune response in which the body attacks a transplanted organ or tissue. It can occur after organ transplants and requires targeted medical treatment.
Transplantation
Transplantation is the transfer of organs, tissues, or cells from a donor to a recipient. It is used to treat severe diseases involving organ failure and can be life-saving.
Transport Protein Deficiency
A transport protein deficiency occurs when proteins responsible for carrying substances through the blood or across cell membranes are lacking. This can lead to nutrient deficits and disease.
Transtracheal Aspiration
Transtracheal aspiration is a diagnostic procedure used to collect secretions directly from the lower airways through the trachea for microbiological analysis in suspected lung infections.
Transverse Cell Membrane
The transverse cell membrane is a specialized membrane structure found in certain tissue types, acting as a barrier and transport interface between cell layers.
Transverse fracture
A transverse fracture is a bone break in which the fracture line runs perpendicular to the long axis of the bone. It is most commonly caused by direct impact.
Transverse lie
Transverse lie is an abnormal fetal position in which the baby lies sideways in the uterus. It requires medical monitoring and usually delivery by caesarean section.
Transverse Process
The transverse process is a lateral bony projection found on each vertebra of the spine. It serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments and plays a key role in spinal stability.
Transverse Process Block
A transverse process block is a minimally invasive pain procedure in which a local anesthetic is injected near the transverse process of a vertebra to relieve back pain.
Transverse Process Fracture
A transverse process fracture is a break in one of the bony projections on the side of a vertebra. It usually results from significant trauma and is diagnosed through medical imaging.
Transverse Process Irritation
Transverse process irritation refers to a mechanical or inflammatory irritation of the bony transverse processes of the spine, causing local back and flank pain.
Transverse process joint block
A transverse process joint block is a minimally invasive spinal pain procedure in which a local anesthetic is injected precisely into or around the affected joint to relieve pain.
Transverse Process Stimulation Therapy
Transverse process stimulation therapy is a manual therapy technique that applies targeted mechanical stimuli to the transverse processes of the vertebrae to relieve back pain and muscle tension.
Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a brain injury caused by an external force to the head. Depending on severity, consequences range from brief loss of consciousness to permanent neurological damage.
Traumatology
Traumatology is the medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of injuries caused by external forces such as accidents or falls.
Treat-to-Target
Treat-to-Target is a medical treatment strategy in which therapy is consistently directed toward a clearly defined goal and adjusted until that target is achieved.
Treating Ear Noises
Ear noises (tinnitus) can be a significant burden. Learn about effective treatment options and when to seek medical advice for this common condition.
Treatment failure in tuberculosis
Treatment failure in tuberculosis occurs when therapy does not achieve sufficient results despite correct administration. Common causes include drug resistance, poor adherence, and delayed diagnosis.
Trepanation
Trepanation is a neurosurgical procedure in which a hole or opening is made in the skull bone to gain access to the brain for treatment purposes.
Tri-magnesium dicitrate
An easily absorbable form of magnesium that supports muscle and nerve function. This form of magnesium has double the amount of elemental magnesium (approx. 16 %) compared to conventional citrate (approx. 8 %).
Triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to treat skin, joint, and respiratory conditions.
Triazole Antifungals
Triazole antifungals are a key class of medications used to treat fungal infections. They work by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis, targeting a wide spectrum of fungal pathogens effectively.
Tricalcium phosphate
Tricalcium phosphate (E341) is a calcium compound used as a food additive and dietary supplement. It provides calcium and phosphorus, supporting bone and dental health.
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis ist eine weltweit verbreitete, durch den Parasiten Trichomonas vaginalis verursachte sexuell übertragbare Infektion (STI).
Tricuspid Valve
The tricuspid valve is one of the four heart valves, located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. It ensures a one-directional blood flow through the heart.
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are among the oldest classes of antidepressants, developed in the 1950s.
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia is a severe, episodic facial pain disorder affecting the trigeminal nerve. The sudden, electric shock-like pain attacks are considered one of the most intense pain conditions known in medicine.
Trigger finger
Trigger finger is a condition affecting the flexor tendon of a finger, causing it to snap, catch, or lock when bending or straightening.
Trigger Point Treatment
Trigger point treatment targets painful muscle knots known as trigger points to relieve pain and restore mobility. It is a key part of modern pain therapy.
Trigger reaction
A trigger reaction is a physical or psychological overreaction to a specific stimulus. It occurs in allergies, intolerances, or trauma-related disorders such as PTSD.
Triglyceride-Glucose Index
The Triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG Index) is a simple blood marker used to estimate insulin resistance, calculated from fasting triglyceride and glucose values.
Triglyceride-Lowering Agents
Triglyceride-lowering agents are medications or substances used to reduce elevated triglyceride levels in the blood, thereby lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Triglycerides
Triglycerides are blood fats that serve as energy storage. Elevated levels increase the risk of heart disease. Learn about causes and natural ways to lower them.
Triglycerides Algae oil
An oil extracted from the microalgae Nannochloropsis. Rich in omega-3 fatty acids, especially EPA.
Trigonal planar
Trigonal planar describes a molecular geometry in which a central atom is bonded to three partners arranged in a flat triangle with bond angles of 120 degrees.
Trimalleolar fracture repair
Trimalleolar fracture repair is the surgical treatment of a three-malleolus ankle fracture. All three bony prominences of the ankle are stabilized to restore joint function.
Trimethoprim
Trimethoprim is an antibacterial medication primarily used to treat urinary tract infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial folic acid synthesis, producing a bacteriostatic effect.
Trimethylamine N Oxide
Trimethylamine N Oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite produced in the gut from dietary nutrients and has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Trimethylglycine (TMG)
Trimethylglycine (TMG), also known as betaine, is a naturally occurring compound found in foods like beets and spinach that plays a key role in the body as a methyl group donor.
Trimipramine
Trimipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and sleep disturbances. It has mood-lifting and sedative properties.
Triple Bond
A triple bond is a chemical bond between two atoms in which three pairs of electrons are shared. It is most common in organic and inorganic chemistry.
Triptorelin
Triptorelin is a synthetic GnRH analogue used to treat hormone-dependent conditions such as prostate cancer, endometriosis, and precocious puberty by suppressing sex hormone production.
Tris-Biphenyl-Triazine
Tris-Biphenyl-Triazine is a synthetic UV filter used in sunscreens and cosmetics to protect the skin from harmful UV-A and UV-B radiation.
Trisodium citrate
Trisodium citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid, widely used as a food additive, buffering agent, and in medical applications.
Trisomie 21
Trisomie 21, auch bekannt als Down-Syndrom, ist eine genetische Besonderheit, bei der ein Mensch dreimal statt zweimal das Chromosom 21 besitzt. Sie ist die häufigste chromosomale Veränderung beim Menschen und geht mit charakteristischen körperlichen Merkmalen sowie einer geistigen Entwicklungsverzögerung einher.
Trisomy 18
Trisomy 18 is a serious chromosomal disorder in which chromosome 18 is present three times instead of two, causing severe developmental abnormalities and often life-threatening complications.
Trochlea tali
The trochlea tali is the articular surface of the talus bone and forms the central component of the upper ankle joint, enabling dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot.
Trochlear dysplasia
Trochlear dysplasia is a congenital malformation of the trochlear groove of the femur, leading to patellar instability, knee pain, and an increased risk of kneecap dislocation.
Troxerutin
Troxerutin is a plant-derived flavonoid that strengthens vein walls, reduces capillary permeability, and is used to treat venous disorders and oedema.
Trying to Conceive Phase
The trying-to-conceive phase is the period in which individuals or couples actively work toward achieving a pregnancy. Medical guidance can significantly improve the chances of conception.
Trypanophobia
Trypanophobia is an intense fear of needles, injections, or blood draws. It is classified as a specific phobia and can significantly interfere with necessary medical care.
Trypophobie
Trypophobie bezeichnet eine intensive Abneigung oder Angst vor Mustern mit dicht gedrängten kleinen Löchern, Grübchen oder Unebenheiten. Obwohl sie im Volksmund häufig als „Angst vor Löchern" bezeichnet wird, handelt es sich weniger um eine klassische Phobie als um eine ausgeprägte Ekelreaktion mit Angstanteilen.
Tryptochron
Tryptochron is a dietary supplement based on L-tryptophan, used to support healthy sleep, mood balance, and overall well-being.
Tryptoform
Tryptoform is a dietary supplement based on L-tryptophan that supports the production of serotonin and melatonin, commonly used for sleep disorders and mood imbalances.
Tryptophan absorption
Tryptophan absorption refers to the uptake of the essential amino acid tryptophan from the small intestine into the bloodstream. It is crucial for the production of serotonin and melatonin.
Tryptophan Depletion
Tryptophan depletion refers to a significant reduction in the availability of the essential amino acid tryptophan, which can strongly affect serotonin production in the brain.
Tryptophan Hydroxylase
Tryptophan hydroxylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in serotonin biosynthesis, converting the amino acid tryptophan into 5-hydroxytryptophan. It plays a central role in regulating mood, sleep, and gut function.
Tryptophan Intake
Tryptophan intake refers to how the essential amino acid tryptophan is absorbed through food and utilized by the body for vital functions.
Tryptophan Kinase
Tryptophan kinase is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of the amino acid tryptophan, playing a key role in immune regulation and serotonin biosynthesis.
Tryptophan Metabolism
Tryptophan metabolism describes the breakdown and conversion of the essential amino acid tryptophan in the body, playing a key role in serotonin, melatonin, and immune system regulation.
Tryptophan metabolism markers
Tryptophan metabolism markers are biochemical parameters that reflect the breakdown of the essential amino acid tryptophan, providing insights into immune activity, mental health, and metabolic disorders.
Tryptophan Metabolite
Tryptophan metabolites are biochemical breakdown products of the essential amino acid tryptophan. They play key roles in brain function, immune regulation, and gut health.
Tryptophan Receptor Markers
Tryptophan receptor markers are biological parameters that indicate the activity and density of receptors responding to tryptophan and its metabolites in the body.
Tryptophan supplementation
Tryptophan supplementation refers to the targeted intake of the essential amino acid tryptophan via dietary supplements to correct deficiencies and support bodily processes such as serotonin synthesis.
TSH Level Too High
A high TSH level is often a sign of an underactive thyroid gland. Learn about causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.
tTF-NGR (truncated Tissue Factor)
tTF-NGR is a fusion protein for targeted tumour therapy via vascular occlusion. Find out everything about the mechanism of action, application in cancer and current studies such as TRABTRAP.
Tube Feeding
Tube feeding is a medically formulated liquid nutrition delivered directly into the gastrointestinal tract via a feeding tube when normal oral food intake is not possible or sufficient.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is a bacterial infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs, but can also affect other organs such as the kidneys, bones or lymph nodes.
Tuberculosis strain
A tuberculosis strain is a specific genetic variant of the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes the infectious disease tuberculosis.
Tuberous Sclerosis
Tuberous sclerosis is a rare genetic disorder that causes benign tumours to grow in multiple organs. It primarily affects the brain, skin, kidneys, and lungs.
Tubocurarine
Tubocurarine is a plant-derived alkaloid from curare and one of the first neuromuscular blocking agents used in clinical anaesthesia. It causes skeletal muscle relaxation by blocking acetylcholine receptors.
Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a scarring process in kidney tissue that progressively impairs renal function and can lead to kidney failure if left untreated.
Tumor board
A tumor board is an interdisciplinary medical conference in which specialists from multiple fields collaborate to determine the best treatment plan for cancer patients.
Tumor grading
Tumor grading classifies cancer cells based on how abnormal they appear under the microscope. It helps doctors assess tumor aggressiveness and plan the most appropriate treatment.
Tumor Immunology
Tumor immunology studies how the immune system detects and fights cancer cells. It forms the scientific foundation for modern cancer immunotherapy approaches.
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome is a life-threatening metabolic complication of cancer treatment, caused by the rapid release of intracellular contents from dying tumor cells.
Tumor Progression
Tumor progression describes the process by which cancer cells become increasingly aggressive, grow, and spread throughout the body. It is a key concept in oncology.
Tumor Suppressor Gene
A tumor suppressor gene is a gene that prevents uncontrolled cell growth. Mutations in these genes can lead to the development of cancer.
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are immune cells that migrate into tumor tissue and play a key role in the body's natural defense against cancer.
Tumour antigen
Tumour antigens are molecules on cancer cells that the immune system can recognise as foreign or abnormal. They are key to cancer diagnosis and modern immunotherapy approaches.
Tumour vaccine
A tumour vaccine is a cancer immunotherapy that trains the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. It represents a promising approach in modern oncology.
Tunica adventitia
The tunica adventitia is the outermost layer of the wall of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. It consists of connective tissue and anchors the vessel within the surrounding tissue.
Tunica intima
The tunica intima is the innermost layer of blood vessel walls. It lines arteries and veins and plays a central role in vascular health and cardiovascular function.
Tunica media
The tunica media is the middle layer of the blood vessel wall. It consists of smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers that regulate vascular tone and blood pressure.
Turmeric with pepper
The combination of turmeric and black pepper increases the bioavailability of curcumin. Find out how it works, what it is suitable for and what you should bear in mind when taking it.
Turner syndrome
Turner syndrome is a genetic condition in females caused by a missing or incomplete X chromosome. It can lead to short stature, heart defects, and infertility.
Turricephaly
Turricephaly is a rare skull malformation in which the head grows unusually tall and tower-shaped due to the premature fusion of multiple cranial sutures.
Two-tier medicine
The term two-tier medicine describes the perceived or actual unequal medical care between different population groups - mostly between privately and publicly insured people.
Tympanostomy tube
Tympanostomy tubes are small tubes inserted into the eardrum to ventilate the middle ear, commonly used to treat recurrent ear infections and fluid buildup.
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease in which the body can no longer use insulin effectively, leading to persistently elevated blood sugar levels.
Type I Allergy
A Type I allergy is an immediate immune reaction triggered by harmless substances such as pollen or foods. It is mediated by IgE antibodies and can cause symptoms within minutes.
Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and is mainly transmitted via contaminated water or food.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are targeted cancer drugs that block enzymes controlling cell growth. They are widely used in modern oncology to treat various cancers.
Die neusten Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryPhthalates
Phthalates are synthetic chemical compounds widely used as plasticizers in plastics. They are considered endocrine disruptors and may pose risks to human health, particularly in vulnerable populations.
Zearalenone
Zearalenone is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium molds on grain crops. It can disrupt the hormonal system in humans and animals.
Mycotoxins
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by mold fungi that can contaminate food and feed, posing serious health risks to humans and animals worldwide.
Die meistgelesenen Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryMagnesiumcarbonat
Magnesiumcarbonat ist eine anorganische Magnesiumverbindung mit säure-neutralisierender (antazidischer) Wirkung. Erfahre mehr über Vorteile, Einsatzgebiete und Unterschiede zu besser resorbierbaren Magnesiumformen.
Calorie content
The choice of food influences our energy intake. The calorie content varies greatly - some provide little energy, others a lot.
Cologne list
The Cologne List ® is an important initiative in competitive sports that offers athletes guidance in the selection of nutritional supplements.