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TBE Vaccine Side Effects: What You Need to Know

The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccine protects against a serious brain infection spread by ticks. Side effects are usually mild and temporary, resolving within a few days.

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Things worth knowing about "Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine side effects"

The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccine protects against a serious brain infection spread by ticks. Side effects are usually mild and temporary, resolving within a few days.

What is the TBE Vaccine?

The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccine protects against a viral infection transmitted by tick bites that can cause inflammation of the brain and its surrounding membranes. The vaccine contains inactivated TBE viruses that stimulate the immune system to produce protective antibodies. It is strongly recommended in endemic regions across Central Europe and parts of Asia.

Common Side Effects of the TBE Vaccine

Most side effects of the TBE vaccine are mild and short-lived, typically resolving within one to three days after vaccination.

Local Reactions at the Injection Site

Redness of the skin at or around the injection site
Swelling and tenderness
Pain or a warm sensation at the injection site

General Systemic Symptoms

Fatigue and general malaise
Headache
Mild fever or sensation of feverishness
Muscle and joint aches
Nausea

Side Effects in Children

In children under the age of 3, the TBE vaccine may cause fever more frequently than in adults. Parents should monitor their child after vaccination and consult a doctor if high fever persists. In general, local and systemic reactions in children are comparable to those in adults and are manageable.

Rare and Serious Side Effects

Rare but serious adverse reactions may include:

Allergic reactions: In very rare cases (fewer than 1 in 10,000 vaccinees), a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis may occur. For this reason, a 15 to 30-minute observation period is recommended after each vaccination.
Neurological symptoms: Extremely rarely, tingling sensations, numbness, or temporary nerve irritation have been reported.
Lymph node swelling near the vaccination site

When to Seek Medical Attention

Medical help should be sought immediately if any of the following occur after vaccination:

Signs of a severe allergic reaction such as difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, or significant facial swelling
High fever lasting more than a few days or exceeding 39 °C (102 °F)
Severe pain or swelling at the injection site that does not improve
Unusual neurological symptoms such as severe headache, neck stiffness, or altered consciousness

Contraindications and Precautions

The TBE vaccine should not be administered in cases of:

Known allergy to vaccine components such as hen egg protein, neomycin, or formaldehyde
Acute severe illness or high fever at the time of vaccination
Pregnancy: Vaccination during pregnancy should only be considered after careful risk-benefit assessment

Vaccination Schedule and Practical Tips

The basic TBE immunisation course consists of three doses: the second dose is given 1 to 3 months after the first, and the third dose 5 to 12 months later. Booster doses are recommended every 3 to 5 years, depending on age and the specific vaccine used. To minimise adverse reactions, it is advisable to avoid intense physical exercise and alcohol in the days following vaccination.

References

Robert Koch Institute (RKI): Recommendations of the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) regarding TBE vaccination. www.rki.de
World Health Organization (WHO): Vaccines and vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis. WHO Technical Report, 2011.
European Medicines Agency (EMA): Product information for approved TBE vaccines (FSME-IMMUN, Encepur). www.ema.europa.eu

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