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Glossar: J
Do you have questions about specific symptoms or ingredients? Our glossary provides an A-to-Z guide to your health.
J
82 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryJackson Position
The Jackson position is a specific patient positioning technique used in laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation to align the airway axes and optimize the view of the larynx.
Jackson Syndrome
Jackson Syndrome is a rare neurological condition caused by a lesion in the medulla oblongata, leading to ipsilateral cranial nerve palsies and contralateral hemiplegia.
JAK inhibitor
JAK inhibitors are medications that selectively block Janus kinases, used to treat inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.
JAK inhibitors
JAK inhibitors are prescription medications that selectively block Janus kinases, reducing inflammation in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and atopic dermatitis.
Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction is a temporary immune response that can occur shortly after starting antibiotic therapy for certain bacterial infections.
Jaundice (icterus)
Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a condition in which the skin, eyes and other mucous membranes turn yellowish in colour.
Jaw fracture
A jaw fracture is a break in the bones of the upper or lower jaw, most commonly caused by accidents or blunt force trauma. Medical or surgical treatment is usually required.
Jaw Injuries
Jaw injuries include damage to the upper or lower jaw caused by accidents, falls, or trauma. They can result in fractures, contusions, or tooth loss and require prompt medical attention.
Jejunal Absorption
Jejunal absorption refers to the uptake of nutrients in the jejunum, the middle section of the small intestine. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins are transported into the bloodstream here.
Jejunal Absorption Rate
The jejunal absorption rate describes how quickly and efficiently nutrients are absorbed in the jejunum, the middle section of the small intestine.
Jejunal barrier dysfunction
Jejunal barrier dysfunction refers to an impaired protective barrier of the jejunum (small intestine), allowing harmful substances to pass through the intestinal wall more easily.
Jejunal Biopsy
A jejunal biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small tissue sample is taken from the jejunum to diagnose conditions such as coeliac disease or Crohn's disease.
Jejunal Bypass
A jejunal bypass is a bariatric surgical procedure in which part of the small intestine is bypassed to reduce nutrient absorption and achieve significant weight loss.
Jejunal Diverticula
Jejunal diverticula are pouch-like protrusions of the intestinal wall in the jejunum (small bowel). They are often asymptomatic but can cause abdominal pain, bloating, or malabsorption.
Jejunal Feeding
Jejunal feeding is a form of enteral nutrition in which liquid nutrients are delivered directly into the jejunum (small intestine). It is used when oral or gastric feeding is not possible or safe.
Jejunal Fermenters
Jejunal fermenters are bacteria that unusually ferment food already in the small intestine (jejunum), potentially causing bloating, abdominal pain, and nutrient malabsorption.
Jejunal Fistula
A jejunal fistula is an abnormal connection between the jejunum (the middle section of the small intestine) and another organ or the skin surface. It can cause serious nutritional and fluid imbalances.
Jejunal flora
The jejunal flora refers to the community of microorganisms living in the jejunum, the middle section of the small intestine. It plays a key role in digestion and gut health.
Jejunal flora analysis
Jejunal flora analysis examines the bacterial population in the small intestine to detect overgrowth early. It is a key diagnostic tool for unexplained digestive complaints.
Jejunal Mucosa
The jejunal mucosa is the inner lining of the jejunum, the middle section of the small intestine, and plays a key role in nutrient absorption.
Jejunal Mucosa Protection
Jejunal mucosa protection refers to the biological and therapeutic mechanisms that preserve the integrity of the jejunum lining and prevent mucosal damage.
Jejunal Mucosal Barrier
The jejunal mucosal barrier is the protective lining of the jejunum in the small intestine, regulating nutrient absorption while defending against pathogens and harmful substances.
Jejunal mucosal markers
Jejunal mucosal markers are diagnostic parameters used to assess the condition of the small intestinal lining in the jejunum, playing a key role in diagnosing diseases such as celiac disease.
Jejunal Permeability
Jejunal permeability describes how permeable the intestinal wall of the jejunum (small intestine) is to substances. A disrupted barrier can promote inflammation and disease.
Jejunal permeability test
The jejunal permeability test measures the leakiness of the small intestinal mucosa in the jejunum. It helps detect conditions such as coeliac disease or Crohn's disease at an early stage.
Jejunal Transit Time
Jejunal transit time refers to the duration it takes for food content to travel through the jejunum, the middle section of the small intestine. It is a key parameter in gastrointestinal diagnostics.
Jejunal Villous Atrophy
Jejunal villous atrophy refers to the deterioration of the intestinal villi in the jejunum, severely impairing nutrient absorption and commonly associated with celiac disease.
Jejunal Villous Biopsy
A jejunal villous biopsy is a diagnostic procedure in which a small tissue sample is taken from the lining of the jejunum to examine the intestinal villi. It is the gold standard for diagnosing coeliac disease and other malabsorption disorders.
Jejunal villous health profile
The jejunal villous health profile describes the structural and functional condition of the villi in the jejunum and is a key marker for small intestinal health.
Jejunal Villous Regeneration
Jejunal villous regeneration refers to the renewal of intestinal villi in the jejunum. It is essential for restoring nutrient absorption after damage to the small intestinal mucosa.
Jejunal Villus
A jejunal villus is a finger-like projection of the intestinal mucosa in the jejunum that dramatically increases the absorptive surface area and enables efficient nutrient uptake.
Jejunal Villus Density
Jejunal villus density refers to the number and structural integrity of intestinal villi in the jejunum, serving as a key marker of small intestinal mucosal health.
Jejunal villus health
Jejunal villus health refers to the structural and functional integrity of the villi in the jejunum, which are essential for efficient nutrient absorption and overall gut health.
Jejunoscopy
Jejunoscopy is an endoscopic procedure used to examine the jejunum, the middle section of the small intestine. It helps diagnose and treat conditions affecting this hard-to-reach part of the digestive tract.
Jejunum biopsy diagnostics
Jejunum biopsy diagnostics is a procedure in which tissue samples are taken from the jejunum to detect and evaluate diseases of the small intestine.
Jejunum Function
The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine and plays a central role in digestion and nutrient absorption in the human body.
Jejunum Health
Jejunum health refers to the optimal condition of the middle section of the small intestine, which is essential for nutrient absorption and digestion.
Jejunum Regeneration
Jejunum regeneration refers to the renewal and healing of the mucosal lining of the jejunum (small intestine). It is essential for restoring nutrient absorption after injury or disease.
Jejunum Sonography
Jejunum sonography is an ultrasound examination of the jejunum, the middle section of the small intestine. It is used to assess bowel wall thickness, motility, and pathological changes.
Jejunum Transplantation
Jejunum transplantation is a surgical procedure in which part of the small intestine known as the jejunum is transplanted to treat severe intestinal disorders.
Jellinek Alcoholism Typology
The Jellinek alcoholism typology classifies alcohol use disorder into five types (Alpha through Epsilon) and remains a foundational concept in addiction medicine.
Jerusalem Artichoke
Topinambur, auch als Jerusalem-Artischocke bekannt, ist eine Wurzelknolle aus der Familie der Korbblütler.
Joint Blockage
A joint blockage is a sudden restriction of movement in a joint caused by mechanical obstructions, often accompanied by pain and reduced mobility.
Joint Body
Joint bodies are loose particles inside a joint that can cause pain, locking, and cartilage damage. They may result from injury or underlying joint disease.
Joint capsule
The joint capsule is a fibrous connective tissue envelope that surrounds and stabilizes a joint. It protects the joint and produces synovial fluid for lubrication.
Joint Capsule Fibrosis
Joint capsule fibrosis is a pathological thickening and hardening of the joint capsule, causing pain and restricted range of motion in the affected joint.
Joint Cavity
The joint cavity is the narrow, fluid-filled space inside a synovial joint, enclosed by the joint capsule and lubricated by synovial fluid.
Joint cracking
Why do joints crack? Find out all about harmless causes, warning signs and what you can actively do to prevent them.
Joint crepitus
Joint crepitus refers to a audible or palpable grinding or crackling sensation in a joint. It can indicate cartilage damage or joint wear.
Joint Effusion
Joint effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid inside a joint cavity. It causes swelling, pain, and reduced range of motion in the affected joint.
Joint Inflammation
Joint inflammation, known medically as arthritis, affects one or more joints and causes pain, swelling, and restricted movement.
Joint Inflammation Markers
Joint inflammation markers are laboratory values that indicate inflammatory processes in the joints. They assist doctors in diagnosing and monitoring conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and other joint diseases.
Joint Injection
A joint injection is a minimally invasive medical procedure in which medication is delivered directly into a joint to relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
Joint instability
Joint instability refers to the reduced ability of a joint to maintain its normal position. It can cause pain, swelling, and limited range of motion.
Joint malalignment
Joint malalignment refers to an abnormal positioning of the bones within a joint, which can cause pain, restricted movement, and long-term joint damage.
Joint Mobility
Joint mobility refers to the ability of a joint to move through its full range of motion. It is essential for everyday function, athletic performance, and injury prevention.
Joint Mobilization
Joint mobilization is a physiotherapeutic technique used to restore normal joint movement and reduce pain. It is applied in cases of stiffness, limited range of motion, and musculoskeletal disorders.
Joint Pain
Gelenkschmerzen bezeichnen Schmerzen, die in einem oder mehreren Gelenken auftreten und in ihrer Intensität von leichtem Druckgefühl bis zu starken Beschwerden reichen können.
Joint prosthesis
A joint prosthesis is an artificial implant that replaces a damaged joint. It relieves pain and restores mobility and quality of life.
Joint replacement
Joint replacement is a surgical procedure in which a damaged joint is replaced with an artificial prosthesis to relieve pain and restore mobility.
Joint space
The joint space is the visible gap between two bone surfaces on an X-ray. It reflects the condition of the cartilage and is a key indicator in diagnosing joint diseases.
Joint space narrowing
Joint space narrowing describes the reduction of the visible gap between two joint surfaces on X-ray and is a key radiological sign of cartilage loss in conditions such as osteoarthritis.
Joint Stiffness
Joint stiffness refers to reduced or difficult movement of one or more joints, often accompanied by pain or tension. It commonly occurs in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
Joint swelling
Joint swelling is a visible or palpable enlargement of a joint caused by fluid accumulation, inflammation, or tissue changes. It can affect any joint in the body.
Joint wear
Joint wear refers to the progressive breakdown of cartilage and joint structures. It causes pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility and is a leading cause of osteoarthritis.
Journaling
Journaling is a structured practice of writing down thoughts, feelings, and goals to foster mental clarity, self-awareness, and emotional processing.
Jugular notch
The jugular notch is a visible and palpable indentation at the upper edge of the sternum. It serves as a key anatomical landmark in clinical medicine.
Jugular Vein Thrombosis
Jugular vein thrombosis is a rare but serious condition in which a blood clot forms in the jugular vein of the neck. It requires prompt medical evaluation and treatment.
Jugular Venous Distension
Jugular venous distension is the visible bulging of the neck veins and serves as a clinical sign of elevated venous pressure, commonly associated with heart failure or pericardial disease.
Jugular Venous Pulse
The jugular venous pulse refers to visible pulsations in the neck veins that reflect pressure changes in the right heart and help diagnose cardiac conditions.
Juice Cleanse
Eine Saftkur ist eine kurzfristige, meist mehrtägige Form des Fastens, bei der feste Nahrung durch frisch gepresste Gemüse- und Obstsäfte ersetzt wird.
Juvenile Diabetes
Juvenile diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin. It most commonly develops in children and adolescents and requires lifelong insulin therapy.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic joint disease in children and adolescents. It causes joint inflammation and can impair mobility over time.
Die neusten Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryMycotoxins
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by mold fungi that can contaminate food and feed, posing serious health risks to humans and animals worldwide.
Phthalates
Phthalates are synthetic chemical compounds widely used as plasticizers in plastics. They are considered endocrine disruptors and may pose risks to human health, particularly in vulnerable populations.
Zearalenone
Zearalenone is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium molds on grain crops. It can disrupt the hormonal system in humans and animals.
Die meistgelesenen Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryMagnesiumcarbonat
Magnesiumcarbonat ist eine anorganische Magnesiumverbindung mit säure-neutralisierender (antazidischer) Wirkung. Erfahre mehr über Vorteile, Einsatzgebiete und Unterschiede zu besser resorbierbaren Magnesiumformen.
Calorie content
The choice of food influences our energy intake. The calorie content varies greatly - some provide little energy, others a lot.
Cologne list
The Cologne List ® is an important initiative in competitive sports that offers athletes guidance in the selection of nutritional supplements.