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Glossar: E
Do you have questions about specific symptoms or ingredients? Our glossary provides an A-to-Z guide to your health.
E
714 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryE-Selectin
E-Selectin is a cell surface protein expressed on activated endothelial cells that mediates the attachment of immune cells to blood vessel walls during inflammation.
E1 elimination
E1 elimination is an organic chemistry reaction in which a molecule loses a leaving group and a proton in two steps, forming a carbon-carbon double bond.
E2 elimination
E2 elimination is a bimolecular chemical reaction in which a base simultaneously removes a proton and a leaving group to form a carbon-carbon double bond.
E330 (Zitronensäure)
E330 ist die Lebensmittelkennzeichnung für Zitronensäure, eine organische Säure, die natürlicherweise in vielen Früchten – insbesondere Zitrusfrüchten – vorkommt.
E621 food additive
E621 is the food additive monosodium glutamate (MSG), widely used as a flavor enhancer in ready meals, soups, snacks, and seasoning products.
E621 Sodium glutamate
E621 sodium glutamate is a food additive used as a flavour enhancer. It intensifies the savoury umami taste and is found in many processed foods worldwide.
Eales Disease
Eales disease is a rare inflammatory condition affecting the peripheral retinal blood vessels, primarily in young men, and can lead to vision loss.
Ear Acupuncture
Ear acupuncture is a therapy in which fine needles are placed at specific points on the outer ear to relieve symptoms and promote healing throughout the body.
Early childhood intervention
Early childhood intervention refers to targeted support and therapy programs for children aged 0 to 6 with developmental delays or disabilities.
Early Detection Examination
An early detection examination is a medical check-up designed to identify diseases or health risks before symptoms appear, significantly improving treatment outcomes.
Early Diagnosis
Early diagnosis refers to the detection of diseases before significant symptoms appear. It greatly improves treatment options and overall prognosis for patients.
Early Pregnancy
Early pregnancy covers the first 12 weeks of gestation. During this phase, the embryo develops rapidly and all major organs begin to form.
Ebola virus
The Ebola virus is a dangerous pathogen that causes severe hemorrhagic fever disease in humans. It spreads through direct contact with infected blood or body fluids.
EBV Status
The EBV status indicates whether a person has been or is currently infected with the Epstein-Barr Virus. It is determined through a blood test and carries significant clinical relevance.
ECG Infarction Signs
ECG infarction signs are characteristic changes in the electrocardiogram that indicate a heart attack, enabling rapid diagnosis and life-saving treatment.
Echinococcosis
Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease caused by larval tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus, which can form cysts or infiltrates in internal organs.
Echocardiography
Echocardiography is an ultrasound-based imaging technique used to examine the heart. It provides detailed information about heart structure, function, and blood flow without radiation or pain.
Echopraxia
Echopraxia is the involuntary imitation of another person's movements or gestures. It occurs in various neurological and psychiatric conditions.
Ecological Valence
Ecological valence describes the tolerance range of a species towards environmental factors, indicating the conditions under which organisms can survive and thrive.
Ectopic pregnancy
Eine Eileiterschwangerschaft ist eine Form der Schwangerschaft, bei der sich die befruchtete Eizelle außerhalb der Gebärmutter, meist im Eileiter, einnistet.
Edema Pathogenesis
Edema pathogenesis describes the mechanisms by which edema forms, involving abnormal fluid accumulation in body tissues due to vascular, oncotic, or lymphatic disturbances.
Edema Prophylaxis
Edema prophylaxis includes preventive measures to avoid abnormal fluid accumulation in body tissues. It is a key component of nursing care and medical prevention.
Edema Therapy
Edema therapy includes all measures used to treat abnormal fluid accumulation in body tissues. The goal is to reduce swelling and improve the quality of life of affected patients.
Edema Therapy Protocol
An edema therapy protocol is a structured treatment plan for the targeted management of edema, which refers to abnormal fluid accumulation in body tissues.
Edman Degradation
Edman degradation is a biochemical method for sequencing proteins by stepwise removal and identification of amino acids from the N-terminal end of a peptide chain.
EGF Receptor
The EGF receptor (EGFR) is a cell surface protein that transmits growth signals. Mutations in this receptor play a key role in several types of cancer.
Egg Protein Powder
Egg protein powder is a high-quality dietary supplement made from dried egg whites, providing a complete amino acid profile ideal for sports nutrition and dietary management.
Eggshell membrane
The eggshell membrane is a thin layer between the eggshell and egg white, rich in collagen and glucosamine. It is used as a dietary supplement to support joint health.
Ego strength
Ego strength refers to the psychological resilience and stability of a person. It is a central concept in psychology and psychotherapy.
Eichenrinde
Eichenrinde ist ein traditionell verwendetes pflanzliches Arzneimittel mit hohem Gehalt an Gerbstoffen – insbesondere Gallotanninen und Ellagtanninen.
Eicosanoid
Eicosanoids are biologically active lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids that regulate key body functions including inflammation, immune defense, and blood clotting.
Eicosanoid metabolism
Eicosanoid metabolism describes the synthesis and breakdown of eicosanoids, key lipid signalling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids that regulate inflammation and many physiological functions.
Eicosapentaenoic Acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid with potent anti-inflammatory properties. It is found mainly in fatty fish and supports heart health, brain function, and the immune system.
Eicosatetraenoic acid
Eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid with anti-inflammatory properties, naturally found in certain marine organisms such as the green-lipped mussel.
Eicosatrienoic acid
Eicosatrienoic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and three double bonds, playing an important role in human metabolism and inflammatory regulation.
Eisen(III)-oxid (Fe₂O₃) | Hämatit
Eisen(III)-oxid (Fe₂O₃), auch bekannt als Hämatit, ist ein weit verbreitetes Eisenoxid-Mineral, das zur Gruppe der Eisenerze gehört und als eines der wichtigsten Rohmaterialien für die Stahlproduktion dient.
Eisen(III)-oxid-Fe₄O₅
Fe₄O₅, auch bekannt als Eisen(III)-oxid-Fe₄O₅, ist eine seltene Eisenoxidverbindung, die in der Chemie und Materialwissenschaft von Interesse ist.
Eisenmenger Reaction
The Eisenmenger reaction is a severe complication of congenital heart defects in which elevated lung pressure causes a reversal of blood flow, leading to oxygen deficiency.
Eisenoxid (FeO)
Eisenoxid (FeO), auch als Eisenmonoxid bekannt, ist eine chemische Verbindung aus Eisen und Sauerstoff.
Eisenpräparate
Eisenpräparate helfen bei Eisenmangel. Erfahre, welche Formen es gibt, wann Lactoferrin eine verträgliche Alternative ist und wann eine Infusion notwendig wird.
Ejection Phase
The ejection phase is the part of the cardiac cycle in which the heart pumps blood into the arteries. It is essential for supplying the body with oxygen-rich blood.
Elacestrant
Elacestrant is an oral selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) used to treat HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer, particularly in patients with ESR1 mutations.
Elastic Cartilage
Elastic cartilage is a specialized type of cartilage found mainly in the outer ear and epiglottis, characterized by a high content of elastic fibers that provide flexibility and resilience.
Elbow Bursitis
Elbow bursitis (olecranon bursitis) is a painful inflammation of the bursa at the tip of the elbow. It is commonly caused by pressure, overuse, or direct injury to the elbow.
elbow pain
Elbow pain is a common condition that can be caused by overuse, injury, or underlying medical conditions. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
Electrical Acupuncture
Electrical acupuncture is a modern form of traditional acupuncture in which mild electrical impulses are delivered through acupuncture needles to relieve pain and support the body´s natural healing processes.
Electrical Stimulation
Electrical stimulation is a therapeutic method that uses targeted electric impulses to activate muscles or nerves. It is widely used in medicine and rehabilitation for pain relief and muscle strengthening.
Electroacupressure
Electroacupressure combines traditional acupressure with electrical impulses to stimulate acupuncture points. It is used for pain relief, relaxation, and overall well-being.
Electroacupuncture
Electroacupuncture is a modern form of acupuncture in which weak electrical impulses are delivered through acupuncture needles to enhance therapeutic effects on the body.
Electrocardiogram
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic test that records the electrical activity of the heart. It helps doctors detect arrhythmias, heart attacks, and other cardiac conditions quickly and non-invasively.
Electroencephalography
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a diagnostic method used to measure and record the electrical activity of the brain. It is commonly used in the diagnosis of epilepsy and sleep disorders.
Electrolyte Analysis
An electrolyte analysis is a blood test that measures key minerals such as sodium, potassium, and calcium. It helps detect imbalances affecting fluid balance and metabolism.
Electrolyte Balance
Electrolyte balance refers to the equilibrium of mineral salts in the body. A balanced level is essential for nerve function, muscle activity, and fluid regulation.
Electrolyte Buffer
Electrolyte buffers are solutions that stabilize the pH level and electrolyte balance in the body. They play a central role in medicine and biochemistry.
Electrolyte buffer analysis
Electrolyte buffer analysis measures electrolytes and buffer systems in the blood to assess acid-base balance. It is a key diagnostic tool in clinical medicine.
Electrolyte Concentration
Electrolyte concentration refers to the amount of dissolved mineral ions in body fluids such as blood. It is essential for nerve, muscle, and heart function.
Electrolyte Disorder
An electrolyte disorder is an imbalance of essential minerals in the blood. It can affect the heart, nerves, and muscles, and often requires medical treatment.
Electrolyte Drink
An electrolyte drink replenishes key minerals such as sodium, potassium and magnesium lost through sweating, exercise or illness. It helps restore the body's fluid and electrolyte balance quickly and effectively.
Electrolyte Formula
An electrolyte formula is a targeted combination of essential minerals such as sodium, potassium and magnesium to restore the body electrolyte balance efficiently.
Electrolyte Gel
Electrolyte gel is a gel-based supplement containing key minerals such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium. It is widely used in sports for rapid rehydration and electrolyte replenishment.
Electrolyte Imbalance
An electrolyte imbalance occurs when the levels of essential mineral salts in the blood are too high or too low, affecting muscles, nerves, and vital organ functions.
Electrolyte Infusion
An electrolyte infusion is an intravenous solution containing essential mineral salts such as sodium, potassium, and chloride. It is used to correct electrolyte imbalances and restore fluid balance in the body.
Electrolyte Intake
Electrolyte intake refers to the consumption of vital minerals such as sodium, potassium and magnesium that regulate fluid balance, nerve function and muscle activity.
Electrolyte Replacement
Electrolyte replacement refers to the targeted intake of minerals such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium to restore the body electrolyte balance after loss.
Electrolyte Replacement Solution
An electrolyte replacement solution restores essential minerals lost through illness or physical exertion. It is commonly used for dehydration caused by diarrhea, vomiting, or sweating.
Electrolyte stabilization
Electrolyte stabilization refers to maintaining a balanced level of essential electrolytes in the body. It is vital for heart function, muscle performance, and the nervous system.
Electrolyte Substitution
Electrolyte substitution refers to the targeted replacement of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, or magnesium to correct imbalances in the body.
Electrolyte Supplement
An electrolyte supplement provides the body with essential minerals such as sodium, potassium and magnesium to support fluid balance, nerve function and muscle activity.
Electrolyte Synergy
Electrolyte synergy describes how multiple electrolytes in the body work together, enhancing each other´s effects. A balanced interplay is essential for health, nerve function, and physical performance.
Electrolytes
Electrolytes are vital minerals that are dissolved in body fluids and act as electrically charged particles (ions).
Electron acceptor
An electron acceptor is a substance that gains electrons from another molecule in a chemical or biological reaction. It plays a key role in metabolism and cellular respiration.
Electron donor
An electron donor is a chemical substance that transfers one or more electrons to another compound, enabling redox reactions that are essential for many biological processes.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain is a key process of cellular respiration, generating ATP energy within the mitochondria through a series of protein complexes.
Electrophilic Addition
Electrophilic addition is a chemical reaction in which an electrophile adds to a multiple bond. It is a fundamental reaction type in organic chemistry and biochemistry.
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology is the study of electrical processes in cells and tissues. In medicine, it focuses on diagnosing and treating heart rhythm disorders effectively.
Electrotherapy
Electrotherapy is an established procedure in physiotherapy that uses electric current specifically to relieve pain, stimulate muscles and promote healing
Elektrolytmangel
Ein Elektrolytmangel bezeichnet einen Zustand, bei dem der Körper nicht ausreichend mit bestimmten lebenswichtigen Mineralstoffen wie Kalium, Magnesium oder Natrium versorgt ist.
Elemental Diet
An elemental diet is a medical nutritional therapy in which all nutrients are provided in their simplest, pre-digested form. It is used for severe gastrointestinal conditions.
Elementary Charge
The elementary charge is the smallest freely occurring unit of electric charge, equal to approximately 1.602 x 10⁻¹⁹ Coulombs. It represents the charge of a single proton or electron.
Elephantiasis
Elephantiasis is a severe condition causing extreme swelling of body parts due to lymphatic obstruction, most commonly caused by parasitic worm infections.
Elevated Bilirubin
Elevated bilirubin occurs when bilirubin levels in the blood are too high, often causing jaundice. Common causes include liver disease, blood disorders, and bile duct obstruction.
Elevated Body Temperature
Eine erhöhte Temperatur liegt vor, wenn die Körpertemperatur über dem Normalbereich von etwa 36,5–37,5 °C liegt, jedoch unter 38,0 °C bleibt.
Elevated coagulation markers
Elevated coagulation markers refer to abnormally high blood test values indicating activation of the clotting system. They may signal thrombosis, inflammation, or other serious conditions.
Elevated Eye Pressure
Elevated eye pressure, or ocular hypertension, refers to an intraocular pressure above the normal range. It is a key risk factor for developing glaucoma and requires regular monitoring.
Elevated Fibrinogen
Elevated fibrinogen refers to higher-than-normal fibrinogen levels in the blood. It can indicate inflammation, cardiovascular disease, or other underlying conditions.
Elevated Liver Enzymes
Elevated liver enzymes refer to higher-than-normal levels of certain enzymes in the blood, which may indicate damage or disease affecting the liver.
Elevated Xanthine
Elevated xanthine refers to increased xanthine levels in the blood or urine. It can indicate metabolic disorders or be caused by certain medications.
Elevated Zonulin
Elevated zonulin levels indicate increased intestinal permeability of the gut lining. Raised zonulin values are associated with conditions such as celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic inflammation.
Elimination Diet
An elimination diet is a diagnostic nutritional approach in which specific foods are temporarily removed from the diet to identify food intolerances, allergies, or sensitivities.
Elotuzumab
Elotuzumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat multiple myeloma. It works by activating the immune system to target and destroy cancer cells, always used in combination therapy.
Elvitegravir
Elvitegravir is an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV-1 infection. It belongs to the class of integrase inhibitors and is always used as part of combination therapy.
Embryonic Development
Embryonic development describes the process by which a fertilized egg cell grows into a fully formed organism, covering the first eight weeks after conception.
EMDR-Therapie
EMDR-Therapie ist ein psychotherapeutisches Verfahren zur Verarbeitung belastender oder traumatischer Erinnerungen durch bilaterale Stimulation, meist in Form geführter Augenbewegungen.
Emergency Medicine
Emergency medicine is the medical specialty focused on the rapid recognition, assessment, and treatment of acute illnesses, injuries, and life-threatening conditions.
Emotion focusing
Emotion focusing is a psychotherapeutic approach that places emotions at the center of psychological health and change. Feelings are consciously recognized, processed, and transformed.
Emotion regulation
Emotion regulation refers to the ability to consciously perceive, manage, and adjust one's own feelings. It is a key factor in mental health and overall well-being.
Empagliflozin
Empagliflozin is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. It lowers blood sugar and provides cardiovascular and renal protection.
Emphysematous Bulla
An emphysematous bulla is an air-filled cyst in the lung caused by the destruction of alveoli, which can impair breathing and lead to serious complications.
Empty Nest Syndrome
Empty Nest Syndrome describes the emotional distress parents experience when their children leave home. It is not an official diagnosis but is clinically significant.
Emulsification
Emulsification is the process by which two immiscible liquids, such as fat and water, are combined into a stable emulsion. In the body, it plays a key role in the digestion of dietary fats.
Emulsifier Lecithins
Lecithins are natural emulsifiers (E322) widely used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, and are also popular as dietary supplements.
ENA profile
The ENA profile is a blood test that detects antibodies against extractable nuclear antigens. It is used to diagnose autoimmune diseases such as lupus or scleroderma.
Enantiomeric excess
Enantiomeric excess (ee) measures the purity of a chiral substance, indicating how much one enantiomer predominates over its mirror-image molecule in a mixture.
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain, most commonly caused by viral or bacterial infections. It can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
Encephalopathy
Encephalopathy refers to a disease or dysfunction of the brain caused by various underlying conditions that impair normal brain function.
Encorafenib
Encorafenib is a targeted cancer drug used in certain types of melanoma and colorectal cancer. It inhibits the mutated BRAF protein, thereby slowing tumor growth.
End Artery
An end artery is a blood vessel that supplies a tissue or organ as its sole arterial source, with no connections to neighboring vessels. Blockages typically cause tissue death.
Endocannabinoid
Endocannabinoids are naturally produced signaling molecules that regulate the endocannabinoid system and influence key body functions such as pain perception, mood, and sleep.
Endocannabinoid System
The endocannabinoid system is the body´s own signaling network that regulates key functions such as pain perception, mood, immune response, and sleep.
Endocarditis
Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart, most often caused by bacteria. It frequently affects the heart valves and requires immediate medical treatment.
Endocarditis Prophylaxis
Endocarditis prophylaxis is the preventive use of antibiotics to protect high-risk patients from bacterial infection of the inner lining of the heart before certain medical procedures.
Endocardium
The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart wall. It lines all four heart chambers and covers the heart valves, playing a vital role in cardiac function.
Endocrine Dysfunction
Endocrine dysfunction refers to a malfunction of the hormonal system in which glands produce too many, too few, or abnormal hormones, potentially affecting numerous bodily functions.
Endocrinology
Endocrinology is the medical specialty focused on the hormonal system of the human body. It covers the study of endocrine glands, hormone-related diseases, and their treatment.
Endodontics
Endodontics is a branch of dentistry focused on diagnosing and treating diseases of the inner tooth. Root canal treatment is the most common endodontic procedure.
Endometrial carcinoma
Endometrial carcinoma is a malignant tumor of the uterine lining. It is one of the most common gynecological cancers and primarily affects women after menopause.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a chronic, often painful condition in which tissue that resembles the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterine cavity.
endometriosis symptoms
Endometriosis symptoms include severe menstrual pain, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. Learn which signs may indicate endometriosis and when to seek medical advice.
Endometrium
The endometrium is the inner mucosal lining of the uterus. It plays a key role in the menstrual cycle and in the implantation of a fertilized egg.
Endopeptidase
Endopeptidases are enzymes that cleave proteins at internal peptide bonds. They play a central role in digestion, cell regulation, and immune defence.
Endophthalmitis
Endophthalmitis is a severe inflammation of the interior of the eye, usually caused by bacteria or fungi. It can lead to blindness and is a medical emergency.
Endoprosthesis
An endoprosthesis is an artificial joint or implant placed inside the body to replace damaged structures, restoring mobility and relieving chronic joint pain.
Endorhachis
The endorhachis is a thin layer of connective tissue lining the inner wall of the vertebral canal, forming the outer boundary of the epidural space.
Endorphin Release
Endorphin release refers to the secretion of the body´s natural feel-good hormones in the brain, which relieve pain and promote overall well-being.
Endorphine
Endorphine sind körpereigene neuroaktive Peptide, die zur Gruppe der Opioidpeptide gehören. Sie werden vor allem im zentrale Nervensystem und in der Hypophyse ausgeschüttet und wirken als natürliche Schmerzmittel und Stimmungsaufheller.
Endoscopic Polypectomy
Endoscopic polypectomy is a minimally invasive procedure to remove polyps from the gastrointestinal tract using an endoscope, without the need for open surgery.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts.
Endosymbiotic
Endosymbiotic describes a biological relationship in which one organism lives permanently inside another, with both partners typically benefiting from the association.
Endothelial Activation
Endothelial activation refers to the functional transformation of the inner vessel wall in response to inflammatory stimuli. It plays a key role in inflammation, thrombosis, and vascular disease.
Endothelial Dysfunction
Endothelial dysfunction refers to impaired function of the innermost layer of blood vessel walls. It is an early marker of cardiovascular disease and contributes to atherosclerosis.
Endothelin 1
Endothelin 1 (ET-1) is an endogenous peptide hormone produced by vascular endothelial cells. It is one of the most potent vasoconstrictors known in the human body.
Endothelium
Das Endothel ist eine hauchdünne Zellschicht, die das Innere aller Blutgefäße auskleidet.
Endurance Capacity
Endurance capacity is the ability of the body to sustain physical effort over an extended period of time. It is a key indicator of overall health and athletic performance.
Endurance Performance Analysis
Endurance performance analysis measures an individual´s aerobic capacity using standardized tests. It provides key data for training optimization and cardiovascular health assessment.
Endurance Performance Capacity
Endurance performance capacity refers to the ability of the body to sustain physical exertion over an extended period. It is a key indicator of cardiovascular health and overall fitness.
Endurance Training
Ausdauertraining umfasst alle sportlichen Aktivitäten, die die Leistungsfähigkeit des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems, der Lunge und des Stoffwechsels steigern.
Energy Balance
Energy balance refers to the relationship between the energy consumed through food and the energy expended by the body. It is a key factor in regulating body weight and overall health.
Energy Expenditure
Energy expenditure refers to the total amount of energy the body uses each day to maintain vital functions and support physical activity.
Energy Homeostasis
Energy homeostasis refers to the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure in the human body. This balance is essential for maintaining a healthy body weight and optimal metabolic function.
Energy Metabolism
Energy metabolism refers to all biochemical processes by which the body converts food into usable energy. It forms the foundation of every vital bodily function.
Energy Partitioning
Energy partitioning describes how the body allocates ingested energy to various functions such as basal metabolism, growth, physical activity, and fat storage.
Enfortumab
Enfortumab vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate used to treat advanced urothelial carcinoma. It combines a targeted antibody with a potent chemotherapy agent.
Enlarged Prostate
An enlarged prostate is a common condition in older men where the prostate gland grows and restricts urine flow, causing urinary symptoms.
Enophthalmos
Enophthalmos is a condition in which the eyeball is displaced backward into the orbit. It can result from trauma, tissue changes, or underlying diseases affecting the eye socket.
Enteral Nutrition
Enteral nutrition is a form of clinical nutrition that delivers liquid nutrients directly into the gastrointestinal tract via a feeding tube, used when patients cannot eat sufficiently by mouth.
Enteral Therapy
Enteral therapy is a medical nutrition approach that delivers nutrients directly through the gastrointestinal tract, usually via a feeding tube, when normal oral intake is not possible.
Enterobacteriaceae
The Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of gram-negative bacteria that naturally inhabit the intestinal tract of humans and animals.
Enterobiasis
Enterobiasis is a common intestinal parasitic infection caused by the pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis), primarily affecting children and causing intense anal itching.
Enterobiosides
Enterobiosides are glycosidic compounds found in or produced within the gut, playing a significant role in intestinal metabolism. They are a subject of ongoing nutritional and pharmacological research.
Enterococcus
A genus of probiotic bacteria that support intestinal health and the immune system. They help to combat harmful microorganisms and strengthen the intestinal barrier.
Enterolith
An enterolith is a hard, mineral concretion that forms inside the intestine. It can cause symptoms ranging from abdominal pain to intestinal obstruction in severe cases.
Enteropathy
Enteropathy is a general medical term for any disease affecting the intestine, impairing its lining and function. It can arise from various causes and lead to digestive complaints.
Enteroviruses
Enteroviruses are highly contagious viruses that can cause gastrointestinal infections, hand-foot-and-mouth disease and viral meningitis. Find out more about transmission, symptoms and prevention.
Enthesiopathy
Enthesiopathy refers to diseases affecting the attachment sites of tendons and ligaments to bone. It causes pain and inflammation, often due to overuse or inflammatory rheumatic conditions.
Enthesitis
Enthesitis is an inflammation of the enthesis, the site where tendons or ligaments attach to bone. It is commonly associated with rheumatic diseases and causes pain and stiffness.
Entrectinib
Entrectinib is a targeted cancer drug used to treat tumours with specific genetic alterations (NTRK, ROS1, or ALK fusions). It inhibits enzymes that drive tumour growth.
Enucleation
Enucleation is a surgical procedure in which the entire eyeball is removed. It is performed in cases of severe eye injuries, tumors, or incurable eye diseases.
Environmental Allergen
Environmental allergens are natural or artificial substances in the surroundings that can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, such as pollen, house dust, or mold spores.
Environmental Medicine
Environmental medicine examines how environmental factors such as pollutants, noise, and radiation affect human health and addresses the diagnosis and treatment of environment-related illnesses.
Environmental Toxicology
Environmental toxicology studies how pollutants and toxic substances affect living organisms and ecosystems. It bridges ecology and medicine to protect human and environmental health.
Environmental Toxin
Environmental toxins are harmful substances found in air, water, or soil that can negatively affect human health. They include heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals.
Environmental Toxin Diagnostics
Environmental toxin diagnostics detects and evaluates the presence of harmful substances in the human body. It helps identify health risks from environmental pollutants at an early stage.
Environmental Toxin Elimination
Environmental toxin elimination refers to measures that support the removal of environmental pollutants from the body. Learn about methods and medical background.
Enzephalitis (Kopfgrippe)
Enzephalitis bezeichnet eine akute oder chronische Entzündung des Gehirns, die meist durch virale Infektionen, seltener durch Bakterien, Pilze oder Autoimmunreaktionen ausgelöst wird.
Enzyme Activity
Enzyme activity describes how fast an enzyme catalyzes a biochemical reaction in the body. It is essential for metabolism, digestion, and many vital biological processes.
Enzyme Cofactor
An enzyme cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound required by an enzyme to perform its biological function. Cofactors can be metal ions or organic molecules such as vitamins.
Enzyme Inhibition
Enzyme inhibition refers to the reduction or blockade of an enzyme´s activity by an inhibitor. It is a key concept in biochemistry and pharmacology.
Enzyme kinetics
Enzyme kinetics studies the rate at which enzymes catalyze chemical reactions. It is a fundamental topic in biochemistry and pharmacology.
Enzyme Replacement Protocol
An enzyme replacement protocol is a standardized clinical guideline for enzyme replacement therapy in inherited metabolic disorders. It governs dosing, administration, and patient monitoring.
Enzyme Replacement Therapy
Enzyme replacement therapy supplies the body with artificially produced enzymes to compensate for missing or defective enzymes caused by genetic metabolic disorders.
Eosinophil Migration
Eosinophil migration describes the directed movement of eosinophils (white blood cells) from the bloodstream into tissues during inflammation or allergic reactions.
Eosinophilia
Eosinophilia refers to an elevated number of eosinophils in the blood. It may indicate allergies, parasitic infections, or rare blood disorders.
Eosinophilic Granulocytes
Eosinophilic granulocytes are white blood cells of the immune system that play a key role in allergic reactions and the defense against parasitic infections.
Eosinophils
Eosinophils are white blood cells that play a key role in fighting parasites and mediating allergic reactions. Elevated levels may indicate allergies or other medical conditions.
Epicanthus
Epicanthus is a skin fold covering the inner corner of the eye. It can be a normal anatomical variant or a sign of an underlying genetic condition.
Epicondylitis
Epicondylitis is a painful condition affecting the bony prominences of the upper arm bone at the elbow, caused by overuse of the forearm muscles and tendons.
Epidermal Growth
Epidermal growth refers to the renewal and growth of the outermost layer of the skin. This process is essential for maintaining a healthy and intact skin barrier.
Epidermoid cyst
An epidermoid cyst (also called a sebaceous cyst) is a benign, sac-like growth beneath the skin caused by blocked sebaceous glands. It is harmless but may require treatment if inflamed.
Epidermolysis
Epidermolysis refers to the pathological detachment or blistering of the epidermis caused by mechanical stress. It most commonly occurs in rare genetic skin disorders or autoimmune conditions.
Epididymis
The epididymis is a tightly coiled tube located at the back of each testicle. It is essential for sperm maturation, storage, and transport in the male reproductive system.
Epididymitis
Epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis, the coiled tube behind the testicle. It is most commonly caused by bacteria and leads to testicular pain and swelling.
Epidural Anaesthesia
Epidural anaesthesia is a regional anaesthetic technique in which pain-relieving medication is injected into the epidural space of the spine to block pain signals effectively.
Epidural anesthesia
PDA (Periduralanästhesie) ist ein regionales Betäubungsverfahren, das gezielt Schmerzen in bestimmten Körperbereichen, meist während der Geburt, lindert.
Epidural Hematoma
An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the skull and the dura mater. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment to prevent serious brain injury.
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a powerful antioxidant from the catechin group and one of the main active ingredients in green tea.
Epigastric Hernia
An epigastric hernia is a protrusion of tissue through a weakness in the abdominal wall between the navel and the breastbone. It often presents as a palpable lump and is treated surgically.
Epigastrium
The epigastrium is the upper central region of the abdomen, located between the breastbone and the navel. It contains key organs such as the stomach, liver, and pancreas.
Epigenetic clock
The epigenetic clock is a biological measure of a person's aging based on DNA methylation patterns. It provides insights into biological age and overall health status.
Epigenetic Markers
Epigenetic markers are molecular modifications on DNA or histones that regulate gene activity without altering the underlying DNA sequence itself.
Epigenetics
Epigenetics shows how diet and lifestyle influence our genes. Find out which nutrients regulate epigenetic processes and can contribute to health.
Epigenomics
Epigenomics studies the complete set of epigenetic changes in the genome. It explains how genes are switched on or off without altering the underlying DNA sequence.
Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis is an acute, potentially life-threatening inflammation of the epiglottis that can cause dangerous narrowing or blockage of the airway.
Epilepsy surgery
Epilepsy surgery refers to neurosurgical procedures used to treat severe epilepsy that does not respond to medication. The goal is to reduce or completely eliminate seizures.
Epileptic Seizure
An epileptic seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical discharge in the brain that can cause convulsions, loss of consciousness, or other neurological symptoms.
Episcleritis
Episcleritis is an inflammation of the episclera, the thin tissue layer between the conjunctiva and the white of the eye. It causes visible redness and is usually benign.
Episiotomy
An episiotomy is a surgical incision made in the perineum during childbirth to widen the birth canal and reduce the risk of severe tearing of the surrounding tissue.
Epithelial
Epithelial beschreibt Gewebe, das Körperoberflächen und Organe auskleidet. Erfahre, welche Aufgaben Epithelzellen haben, wo sie vorkommen und warum sie medizinisch so wichtig sind.
Epithelial Barrier
The epithelial barrier is a protective layer of cells lining the skin, gut, and airways, defending the body against pathogens, pollutants, and allergens.
Epithelial Protection Factor
The epithelial protection factor describes the ability of substances or mechanisms to protect the epithelial cell layer from damage and maintain its barrier function.
Epithelial Regeneration
Epithelial regeneration refers to the ability of epithelial tissue to repair and renew itself after injury or damage. This healing process is essential for the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs.
Epithelzellen
Epithelzellen kleiden Haut, Organe und Schleimhäute aus. Sie schützen den Körper, nehmen Stoffe auf und sind an Immunprozessen beteiligt – mit großer Bedeutung in Medizin und Forschung.
Eplerenone
Eplerenone is a prescription medication belonging to the class of aldosterone antagonists, used in the treatment of heart failure and high blood pressure.
Epstein-Barr virus
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) belongs to the herpes virus family (Herpesviridae) and is one of the most common viruses in the world.
Equine Enzephalitis-Viren
Die Equinen Enzephalitis-Viren (EEV) sind eine Gruppe von Arboviren (arthropodenübertragene Viren), die Entzündungen des Gehirns (Enzephalitis) bei Pferden und Menschen hervorrufen können.
Erectile Dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction is the persistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual intercourse. It is a common condition affecting men of all ages.
Ergastoplasm
Ergastoplasm is a historical term for the rough endoplasmic reticulum, a cell organelle essential for protein synthesis and processing.
Ergocalciferol
Ergocalciferol is the plant-based form of vitamin D, also known as vitamin D2, used to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency.
Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2)
Ergocalciferol, also known as vitamin D2, is one of the two main forms of vitamin D that are important for human health.
Ergogenic Substance
Ergogenic substances are agents used to enhance physical or mental performance. They are widely used in sports, medicine, and nutrition to improve endurance, strength, and recovery.
Ergotherapie
Ergotherapie hilft bei körperlichen, geistigen und seelischen Einschränkungen. Informiere dich über Behandlung, Vorteile und Kostenübernahme.
Ergothionein
Ergothionein ist ein starkes Antioxidans aus Pilzen, das Zellen schützt und Entzündungen hemmt. Es zeigt vielversprechendes Potenzial für gesunde Alterung, Neuroprotektion und Prävention chronischer Erkrankungen.
Eriocitrin
Eriocitrin is a naturally occurring flavonoid found in citrus fruits, recognized for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and growing scientific interest.
Erosive Arthritis
Erosive arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease characterized by progressive destruction of cartilage and bone, causing pain, swelling, and reduced joint mobility.
Erosive Osteoarthritis
Erosive osteoarthritis is an aggressive, inflammatory form of osteoarthritis primarily affecting the finger joints, characterized by bone erosions and significant pain.
Erucic acid
Erucic acid is a long-chain, monounsaturated fatty acid found naturally in rapeseed oil and mustard plants. High dietary intake is considered a potential health concern.
Erysipelas
Erysipelas is an acute bacterial skin infection causing sharply defined redness, swelling, and pain. It requires prompt antibiotic treatment to prevent complications.
Erysipelas (erysipelas)
Erysipelas, also known as erysipelas, is a bacterial skin infection that is usually caused by streptococci.
Erysipelas melanomatosum
Erysipelas melanomatosum is a rare form of cutaneous metastasis of malignant melanoma, in which tumor cells infiltrate skin lymphatics, mimicking the appearance of bacterial erysipelas.
Erythema infectiosum
Erythema infectiosum is a contagious viral illness that mainly affects children, characterized by a distinctive rash and bright red cheeks.
Erythema migrans
Erythema migrans is the hallmark early sign of Lyme disease following a tick bite. It appears as an expanding, ring-shaped skin redness.
Erythema nodosum
Erythema nodosum is an inflammatory skin condition causing painful, red nodules, most commonly on the shins. It is a reactive skin pattern triggered by various underlying causes.
Erythrocyte Deformability
Erythrocyte deformability refers to the ability of red blood cells to change shape in order to pass through narrow capillaries. It is essential for healthy microcirculation and oxygen delivery.
Erythrocyte Index
The erythrocyte index refers to key laboratory values used to assess the size and hemoglobin content of red blood cells, helping diagnose anemia and other blood disorders.
Erythrocyte Maturation
Erythrocyte maturation describes the step-by-step development of red blood cells in the bone marrow – a vital process that enables oxygen transport throughout the body.
Erythrocyte Morphology
Erythrocyte morphology refers to the evaluation of the shape, size, and appearance of red blood cells. It is a key component of hematological diagnostics.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a blood test measuring how quickly red blood cells settle. An elevated result may indicate inflammation or underlying disease.
Erythroderma
Erythroderma is a severe skin condition in which more than 90% of the body surface is affected by redness and inflammation. It is considered a dermatological emergency.
Erythromycin
Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic effective against a wide range of bacterial infections. It is commonly used for respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and as an alternative to penicillin in allergic patients.
Erythropoiesis
Erythropoiesis is the process by which red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. It is essential for oxygen transport throughout the body.
Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a naturally occurring hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells. It is primarily produced in the kidneys and plays a key role in regulating blood formation.
Erythropoietin Deficiency
Erythropoietin deficiency occurs when the kidneys produce insufficient EPO, the hormone that stimulates red blood cell production, often leading to anemia in chronic kidney disease.
Erythropoietin Level
The erythropoietin level measures the concentration of the hormone erythropoietin in the blood. It is a key marker for diagnosing blood formation disorders and kidney-related conditions.
Erythrozyten
Erythrozyten, umgangssprachlich auch rote Blutkörperchen genannt, sind die häufigsten Zellen im menschlichen Blut und verantwortlich für den Transport von Sauerstoff und Kohlendioxid.
Escape Mutation
An escape mutation is a genetic change in a pathogen that allows it to evade immune recognition or the effects of medication, posing major challenges for treatment and vaccines.
Escherichia coli Enteritis
Escherichia coli enteritis is an intestinal inflammation caused by pathogenic E. coli bacteria, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramps.
Escitalopram
Escitalopram is an antidepressant belonging to the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), used to treat depression and anxiety disorders.
Esomeprazole
Esomeprazole is a medication used to treat excess stomach acid. It belongs to the proton pump inhibitor class and is prescribed for heartburn, acid reflux, and stomach ulcers.
Esophageal Achalasia
Esophageal achalasia is a rare disorder of the esophagus in which the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax properly, making it difficult to swallow food and liquids.
Esophageal Atresia
Esophageal atresia is a congenital malformation in which the esophagus does not form completely. It is diagnosed shortly after birth and requires prompt surgical treatment.
Esophageal Diverticulum
An esophageal diverticulum is a pouch-like protrusion of the esophageal wall. It can cause difficulty swallowing, regurgitation, and coughing, and is treated conservatively or surgically depending on severity.
Esophageal Inflammation
Esophageal inflammation, known as esophagitis, is an irritation or swelling of the esophageal lining. It causes swallowing difficulties and heartburn and requires medical evaluation.
Esophageal Motility
Esophageal motility refers to the coordinated muscle movements of the esophagus that transport food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach. Disorders can lead to swallowing difficulties.
Esophageal Varices
Esophageal varices are abnormally enlarged veins in the esophagus, most commonly caused by liver cirrhosis, and can lead to life-threatening bleeding.
Esophagitis
Esophagitis is an inflammation of the lining of the esophagus, the tube connecting the mouth to the stomach. It causes heartburn, painful swallowing, and chest pain, and requires medical evaluation.
Esophagogastric
Esophagogastric refers to anything involving both the esophagus and the stomach – a key term in the diagnosis and treatment of upper gastrointestinal conditions.
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is an endoscopic procedure used to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. It is the gold standard for diagnosing and treating conditions of the upper digestive tract.
Essential amino acids
Essential amino acids are amino acids that the body cannot produce itself and must therefore be obtained from food.
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate
The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a blood test result that measures kidney function. It indicates how much blood the kidneys can filter per minute.
Estradiol Level
The estradiol level measures the concentration of the sex hormone estradiol in the blood. It is a key lab value for assessing hormonal health in both women and men.
Estriol Measurement
Estriol measurement is a diagnostic test that determines the level of the hormone estriol in blood or urine, primarily used during pregnancy.
Estrogen Decline
An estrogen decline refers to a drop in estrogen levels in the blood. It occurs most commonly during menopause and can cause a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms.
Estrogen kinetics
Estrogen kinetics describes how estrogens are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body. It is key to the safety and efficacy of estrogen-based therapies.
Estrogen Metabolism
Estrogen metabolism describes the processes by which estrogens are synthesized, converted, and broken down in the body. It is essential for hormonal balance and overall health.
Estrogen metabolism analysis
Estrogen metabolism analysis examines how the body breaks down and converts estrogens. It provides key insights into hormonal imbalances and health risks associated with estrogen dominance.
Estrogen metabolism markers
Estrogen metabolism markers are laboratory values that reflect the breakdown and conversion of estrogens in the body, providing important insights into hormonal health and disease risk.
Estrogen metabolism optimization
Estrogen metabolism optimization refers to approaches that support the healthy breakdown and elimination of estrogens in the body, promoting hormonal balance in both women and men.
Estrogen Production
Estrogen production refers to the body´s natural synthesis of female sex hormones. It occurs mainly in the ovaries and plays a key role in regulating the menstrual cycle, fertility, and many bodily functions.
Estrogen receptor
The estrogen receptor is a protein that binds estrogen and mediates its effects within cells. It plays a key role in reproduction, bone health, metabolism, and cancer biology.
Estrogen Receptor Analysis
Estrogen receptor analysis is a diagnostic test that determines whether tumor cells carry estrogen receptors. The result plays a key role in guiding cancer treatment decisions.
Estrogen receptor blockade
Estrogen receptor blockade inhibits the effects of estrogen by blocking its receptors. It is a key mechanism in treating hormone-dependent conditions such as breast cancer.
Estrogen receptor kinase
The estrogen receptor kinase is an enzyme involved in intracellular estrogen signaling, regulating cell growth, differentiation, and gene expression.
Estrogen receptor profile
The estrogen receptor profile describes the pattern of estrogen receptors in tissues. It is essential for diagnosing and treating hormone-dependent diseases such as breast cancer.
Etanercept
Etanercept is a TNF inhibitor for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Find out more about its effects, use, risks and special features.
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl acetate is an organic solvent with a fruity odour, widely used in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications.
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene oxide is a colorless, highly reactive gas widely used in the chemical industry.
Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate
Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate is a chemical UV filter widely used in sunscreens and cosmetics to protect the skin from harmful UVB radiation.
Ethylhexyl Salicylate
Ethylhexyl salicylate is a chemical UV filter used in sunscreens and cosmetic products to protect the skin from harmful UV-B radiation.
Ethylhexyl Triazone
Ethylhexyl Triazone is a synthetic chemical UV filter used in sunscreen products to protect the skin from harmful UV-B radiation.
Etoricoxib
Etoricoxib is a prescription medication belonging to the class of COX-2 inhibitors, used to relieve pain and inflammation in conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout.
Eucalyptus citriodora
Eucalyptus citriodora is a lemon-scented eucalyptus tree native to Australia. Its essential oil is used in medicine, aromatherapy, and as a natural insect repellent.
Euglycemic Ketoacidosis
Euglycemic ketoacidosis is a rare but dangerous metabolic condition characterized by elevated ketone bodies and acidosis despite normal blood sugar levels.
Eurycoma Longifolia
Eurycoma Longifolia is a Southeast Asian medicinal plant traditionally used to support vitality, male health, and overall well-being.
Evening Primrose Oil
Nachtkerzenöl wird aus den Samen der Gemeinen Nachtkerze (Oenothera biennis) gewonnen und enthält einen hohen Anteil an Gamma-Linolensäure (GLA).
Eversion trauma
An eversion trauma is an injury to the ankle joint caused by the foot being forced outward. It primarily affects the inner ligaments and is common in sports activities.
Evidence-Based Medicine
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is an approach in which clinical decisions are grounded in the best available scientific evidence, combined with clinical expertise and patient values.
Evidence-Based Therapy
Evidence-based therapy is a treatment approach that integrates the best available scientific research with clinical expertise and the individual needs and values of the patient.
Evolocumab
Evolocumab is a medication used to lower elevated LDL cholesterol levels in the blood. It is prescribed when diet and statins alone are not sufficient to reach cholesterol targets.
Ex-vivo generation
Ex-vivo generation refers to the production or expansion of cells, tissues, or substances outside the living organism under controlled laboratory conditions, and is central to modern cell and gene therapies.
Exanthema subitum
Exanthema subitum (roseola infantum) is a common viral illness in infants and toddlers caused by Human Herpesvirus 6, marked by high fever followed by a distinctive rash.
Excessive salivation
Excessive salivation, also known as hypersalivation or sialorrhea, refers to an overproduction of saliva. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
Excochleation
Excochleation is a surgical procedure in which diseased tissue is scraped out using a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette. It is commonly used to remove cysts, granulomas, or tumors.
Excretory Organ
Excretory organs are organs in the human body responsible for eliminating metabolic waste products and harmful substances, playing a key role in detoxification.
Exercise ECG
An exercise ECG is a diagnostic test that records the electrical activity of the heart during physical exertion. It helps detect reduced blood flow and heart rhythm disorders.
Exercise Metabolism
Exercise metabolism refers to all biochemical processes the body activates during physical activity to generate the energy required by muscles, organs, and the nervous system.
Exertional Dyspnea
Exertional dyspnea is shortness of breath that occurs during physical activity and subsides at rest. It may indicate heart, lung, or circulatory conditions.
Exfoliation Glaucoma
Exfoliation glaucoma is a form of glaucoma in which protein fiber deposits in the eye raise intraocular pressure, progressively damaging the optic nerve.
Exhaustion Syndrome
Exhaustion syndrome is a state of persistent physical and mental fatigue that does not improve with rest. It can be triggered by chronic stress, burnout, or underlying medical conditions.
Exocrine Pancreas
The exocrine pancreas produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate that are released into the small intestine, enabling the proper digestion of food.
Exogenous Infection
An exogenous infection is caused by pathogens that enter the body from an external source. It is one of the most common types of infection and can be triggered by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.
Exophthalmos
Exophthalmos describes the abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs from the eye socket. The most common cause is Graves disease, a thyroid disorder.
Expiratory Phase
The expiratory phase is the part of the breathing cycle in which air is expelled from the lungs. It follows inhalation and is essential for removing carbon dioxide from the body.
Explosive strength
Explosive strength is the ability of the neuromuscular system to generate maximum force in minimum time. It is essential for athletic performance and sports rehabilitation.
Exposure Prophylaxis
Exposure prophylaxis refers to all preventive measures taken to avoid or minimize contact between the human body and harmful agents such as pathogens, chemicals, or allergens.
Exposure Therapy
Exposure therapy is a psychotherapeutic technique in which patients are gradually confronted with fear-triggering situations to help them overcome anxiety in a lasting way.
Expulsive contractions
Expulsive contractions are the powerful uterine contractions during the second stage of labour that push the baby through the birth canal toward delivery.
Expulsive stage
The expulsive stage is the second stage of labor, during which the baby is pushed through the birth canal until delivery is complete.
Exsiccated
Exsiccated refers to a state of severe dehydration in which the body lacks sufficient fluid. This condition can disrupt vital functions and become life-threatening without treatment.
Exsiccosis
Exsiccosis refers to a severe lack of fluid in the body. It occurs when the body loses more water than it takes in and can become life-threatening if untreated.
Exstirpation
Exstirpation is a surgical procedure in which an organ, tumor, cyst, or other tissue structure is completely removed. It is used for both benign and malignant conditions.
Extension Fracture
An extension fracture is a bone break caused by excessive straightening (hyperextension). It most commonly affects the spine and requires prompt medical evaluation.
External Rotation
External rotation is a joint movement in which a body part rotates outward, away from the body midline. It is essential in orthopedics, physiotherapy, and sports medicine.
Extraanatomic
Extraanatomic is a medical term describing a position, course, or connection that lies outside the normal anatomical structures. It is most commonly used in vascular surgery.
Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of proteins and sugar molecules that surrounds cells, provides structural support, and regulates cell function.
Extrachromosomal
Extrachromosomal refers to genetic material that exists outside the normal chromosomes of a cell. It plays a key role in genetics, microbiology, and cancer research.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a non-invasive medical procedure that uses high-energy sound waves applied from outside the body to relieve pain and stimulate healing.
Extrathoracic
Extrathoracic refers to anything located outside the thoracic cavity. In medicine, the term is used to describe structures, conditions, or findings situated beyond the boundaries of the chest.
Extrauterine
Extrauterine refers to anything located or occurring outside the uterus. The term is most commonly associated with extrauterine pregnancy, also known as ectopic pregnancy.
Extremities
Extremities are the limbs of the human body: the arms and legs. They enable movement, grasping, and locomotion, and are a central subject in orthopedics and surgery.
Extremity Injury
An extremity injury refers to damage to the arms or legs, including fractures, sprains, or soft tissue injuries. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for full recovery.
Exulceration
Exulceration refers to the formation of an open wound or ulcer caused by tissue breakdown. It occurs in chronic diseases, tumors, and skin damage.
Eye Lens Opacity
Eye lens opacity refers to the clouding of the natural lens of the eye, leading to blurred vision. It is the most common cause of cataracts and visual impairment worldwide.
Eye Muscles
The eye muscles control the movements of the eyeball, eyelid, and lens. They are essential for coordinated vision, depth perception, and focusing on objects.
Eye Twitching
Eye twitching refers to involuntary muscle spasms around the eye. It is usually harmless and often linked to stress, fatigue, or magnesium deficiency.
Eyelid Correction
Eyelid correction (blepharoplasty) is a surgical procedure to correct drooping or puffy eyelids. It improves both the visual field and the overall appearance of the eyes.
Eyelid Edema
Eyelid edema is a swelling of one or both eyelids caused by fluid accumulation in the tissue. It can have various causes ranging from allergies to systemic diseases.
Eyelid Surgery
Eyelid surgery is a surgical procedure to correct malpositions, sagging, or diseases of the eyelids for medical or aesthetic reasons.
Die neusten Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryMycotoxins
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by mold fungi that can contaminate food and feed, posing serious health risks to humans and animals worldwide.
Phthalates
Phthalates are synthetic chemical compounds widely used as plasticizers in plastics. They are considered endocrine disruptors and may pose risks to human health, particularly in vulnerable populations.
Zearalenone
Zearalenone is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium molds on grain crops. It can disrupt the hormonal system in humans and animals.
Die meistgelesenen Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryMagnesiumcarbonat
Magnesiumcarbonat ist eine anorganische Magnesiumverbindung mit säure-neutralisierender (antazidischer) Wirkung. Erfahre mehr über Vorteile, Einsatzgebiete und Unterschiede zu besser resorbierbaren Magnesiumformen.
Calorie content
The choice of food influences our energy intake. The calorie content varies greatly - some provide little energy, others a lot.
Cologne list
The Cologne List ® is an important initiative in competitive sports that offers athletes guidance in the selection of nutritional supplements.