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Glossar: R
Do you have questions about specific symptoms or ingredients? Our glossary provides an A-to-Z guide to your health.
R
278 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryRabeprazole
Rabeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used to reduce stomach acid production in conditions such as acid reflux, gastric ulcers, and GERD.
Racecadotril
Racecadotril is an antidiarrhoeal medication used to treat acute diarrhoea. It works by inhibiting the breakdown of naturally occurring enkephalins in the gut, thereby reducing excessive fluid secretion into the intestine.
Radial Head Fracture
A radial head fracture is a break at the head of the radius bone, located in the elbow joint. It most commonly occurs after a fall onto an outstretched arm.
Radial neck fracture
A radial neck fracture is a break in the neck of the radius bone near the elbow joint. It most commonly results from a fall onto an outstretched hand.
Radial nerve
The radial nerve is the main nerve of the extensor side of the arm, supplying muscles and skin of the upper arm, forearm, and hand with both motor and sensory fibers.
Radial Shaft Fracture
A radial shaft fracture is a break in the shaft of the radius, one of the two forearm bones. It is most commonly caused by direct trauma or a fall onto the outstretched hand.
Radial Shaft Fracture Treatment
Radial shaft fracture treatment includes both conservative and surgical approaches to restore full forearm and hand function after a break in the shaft of the radius bone.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy is a medical treatment that uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells or inhibit tumor growth, and is one of the most important methods in oncology.
Radiculopathy
Radiculopathy is a condition affecting the nerve roots of the spine, causing pain, numbness, and weakness along the affected nerve pathway.
Radiofrequency Therapy
Radiofrequency therapy is a minimally invasive procedure that uses high-frequency electromagnetic waves to selectively heat tissue and achieve targeted therapeutic effects.
Radioiodine Therapy
Radioiodine therapy is a nuclear medicine treatment using radioactive iodine (iodine-131) to treat thyroid disorders such as hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer.
Radiosynoviorthesis
Radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) is a minimally invasive nuclear medicine procedure used to treat inflamed joint linings, such as in rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis.
Radius Fracture
A radius fracture is a break in the radius, one of the two bones of the forearm. It is one of the most common fractures and typically occurs after a fall onto an outstretched hand.
Ramp lesion
A ramp lesion is a tear at the posterior root of the medial meniscus where it meets the joint capsule. It frequently occurs alongside anterior cruciate ligament injuries.
Randomized Controlled Trial
A randomized controlled trial is the gold standard study design in medical research, where participants are randomly assigned to a treatment or control group to test the effectiveness of an intervention.
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a severe kidney disease causing rapid loss of renal function. Without prompt treatment, kidney failure may result.
Raspberry Leaf Tea
Raspberry leaf tea is an herbal tea made from the dried leaves of the raspberry plant. It is traditionally used to support female health and as a uterine tonic during pregnancy.
Rationalization
Rationalization is a psychological defense mechanism in which a person unconsciously creates seemingly logical explanations for actions or feelings to avoid inner conflict.
Raynaud’s phenomenon
The Raynaud’s phenomenon is a vascular condition characterized by sudden circulatory disturbances in the fingers and toes.
Reactive Arthritis
Reactive arthritis is a joint inflammation triggered by an infection elsewhere in the body. It commonly affects the knees, ankles, and toes and usually resolves within months.
Reactive Oxygen Species
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules produced during normal cell metabolism. In excess, they cause oxidative stress and contribute to numerous diseases.
Readiness for complementary feeding
Readiness for complementary feeding describes the developmental stage at which an infant is prepared to receive first solid or pureed foods alongside breast milk or formula.
Rebamipide
Rebamipide is a gastroprotective drug used to protect and heal the gastric mucosa in conditions such as peptic ulcers and gastritis. It stimulates mucus production and promotes mucosal regeneration.
Rebound fatigue
Rebound fatigue is a state of intense exhaustion that occurs after the effects of stimulants or caffeine wear off. It is a typical rebound phenomenon of the body.
Receptor Blockade
Receptor blockade refers to the targeted inhibition of a receptor by a drug substance, preventing the body's own messenger molecules from binding and triggering a response.
Reconstructive Surgery
Reconstructive surgery is a surgical specialty focused on restoring the form and function of damaged or missing body structures after injury, disease, or previous operations.
Recovery Nutrition
Recovery nutrition refers to the targeted intake of nutrients after physical exertion to optimally support regeneration, muscle repair, and performance restoration.
Recovery Phase
The recovery phase is the period in which the body repairs and restores itself after physical exertion, illness, or injury. It is essential for health and performance.
Recovery position
Die stabile Seitenlage ist eine Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahme, bei der eine bewusstlose, aber normal atmende Person in eine seitliche Position gebracht wird, um die Atemwege freizuhalten.
Rectal Biopsy
A rectal biopsy is a diagnostic procedure in which small tissue samples are taken from the rectum. It is used to diagnose conditions such as colorectal cancer, Crohn's disease, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Rectal Polyp
A rectal polyp is a benign tissue growth on the lining of the rectum. Certain types can develop into colorectal cancer and should be removed at an early stage.
Rectal Resection
Rectal resection is a surgical procedure in which part or all of the rectum is removed. It is most commonly performed for rectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or severe functional disorders of the rectum.
Rectal Temperature
Rectal temperature is the body temperature measured via the rectum and is considered one of the most accurate methods for detecting fever, especially in infants and young children.
Rectoscopy
Rectoscopy is an endoscopic examination of the rectum. It allows direct visual assessment of the rectal mucosa and aids in diagnosing conditions such as hemorrhoids, polyps, or inflammation.
Rectovaginal Fistula
A rectovaginal fistula is an abnormal connection between the rectum and the vagina. It causes characteristic symptoms and usually requires surgical treatment.
Recurvation
Recurvation refers to an excessive backward bending of a joint beyond its normal range, most commonly affecting the knee. It can be congenital or caused by injury.
Red Blood Cell Concentrate
A red blood cell concentrate is a blood product containing red blood cells, used to treat anemia or significant blood loss through transfusion.
Red Blood Cell Count
The red blood cell count indicates how many erythrocytes are present per microliter of blood. It is a key laboratory value for assessing blood formation and oxygen supply.
Red Blood Cell Production
Red blood cell production, known medically as erythropoiesis, is the process by which red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow. It is essential for oxygen transport throughout the body.
Red clover
Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is a medicinal plant whose extracts contain estrogen-like plant compounds (isoflavones), commonly used to relieve menopausal symptoms.
Red light therapy
Red light therapy uses red and near-infrared light to relieve pain, relax muscles, and support wound healing. It is a well-established physical therapy method.
Red yeast rice
Roter Reis, auch als fermentierter roter Reis bekannt, entsteht durch die Fermentation von weißem Reis mit dem Schimmelpilz Monascus purpureus.
Red-green deficiency
Red-green deficiency is a common visual impairment in which affected individuals have difficulty distinguishing between red and green hues. It is usually inherited and affects men more often than women.
Redox index
The redox index describes the balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in the body. It serves as a measure of the oxidative state of biological systems.
Redox reaction
A redox reaction is a chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred between substances. It plays a central role in biological processes such as metabolism and cellular respiration.
Redox status
Redox status describes the balance between oxidative and antioxidative processes in the body and is a key marker of cellular health and disease prevention.
reducing inflammation
Reducing inflammation means lowering acute or chronic inflammatory responses in the body. Learn which methods, substances, and lifestyle changes can help.
Reducing stress
Reducing stress refers to targeted measures that help lower physical and mental strain. Effective strategies improve overall well-being and protect long-term health.
Reduction equivalent
Reduction equivalents are molecules that transport energy-rich electrons within cells and are essential for cellular energy production.
Reflex integration
Reflex integration is a therapeutic approach aimed at inhibiting persistent primitive reflexes that may interfere with motor and cognitive development.
Reflux disease (GERD)
Reflux disease, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a common disease of the digestive system in which stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus.
Reformer Pilates
Reformer Pilates ist eine Trainingsform des klassischen Pilates, die auf dem sogenannten Reformer-Gerät ausgeführt wird – einer Kombination aus beweglicher Liegefläche, Federsystem und Seilzügen.
Refsum-Thiebaut Disease
Refsum-Thiebaut disease is a rare hereditary metabolic disorder in which phytanic acid accumulates in the body, causing progressive damage to nerves, eyes, and muscles.
Regeneration
Regeneration is the ability of the body to repair or replace damaged and lost tissue. It is a fundamental biological process essential to healing and recovery.
Regeneration Biochemistry
Regeneration biochemistry describes the molecular and cellular processes that occur after physical stress to repair tissue, replenish energy stores, and restore the body to full function.
Regeneration Cure
A regeneration cure is a structured health programme designed to restore body and mind through nutrition, rest, and targeted therapies.
Regeneration Cycle
The regeneration cycle describes the biological process by which the body renews and repairs its cells, tissues, and organs. It is essential for health, performance, and recovery.
Regeneration Hormone
The regeneration hormone (growth hormone, HGH) regulates cell repair, muscle growth and tissue regeneration. It is mainly released during deep sleep.
Regeneration Hormone Profile
The regeneration hormone profile is a diagnostic blood test that measures hormone-related markers of recovery and regeneration. It helps identify fatigue, overtraining, and hormonal imbalances.
Regio vertebralis
The regio vertebralis is the anatomical term for the vertebral region of the back. It covers the central strip of the back running along the spinous processes of the spine.
Regression
Regression in medicine refers to the reduction or disappearance of symptoms, tumors, or disease signs. Learn about its causes and clinical significance.
Regression / Involution
Regression or involution refers to the process by which tissues, organs, or structures return to a previous or normal state after a change or disease.
Regulating cortisol naturally
Regulating cortisol naturally means balancing the body's stress hormone levels through lifestyle changes, nutrition, and relaxation techniques.
Regulating Hormone Balance
Regulating hormone balance means actively supporting the body's hormonal equilibrium. Hormones control key functions including metabolism, mood, sleep, and fertility.
Regulatory disorder
A regulatory disorder in infants refers to persistent difficulties with sleeping, feeding, or self-soothing that cannot be explained by an organic cause.
Regulatory Medicine
Regulatory medicine examines the body's self-regulating capacities, aiming to identify and treat disrupted control circuits. It bridges conventional and complementary medical approaches.
Regulatory T cells
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are specialized immune cells that control the immune system and prevent excessive immune responses. They are essential for avoiding autoimmune diseases.
Regurgitation
Regurgitation is the passive, effortless backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus or mouth without retching. It is a common symptom in both infants and adults.
Reinforcement
Reinforcement is a key concept in behavioral psychology, describing stimuli that increase the likelihood of a behavior. It plays a vital role in therapy and rehabilitation.
Relapse Prevention
Relapse prevention includes strategies and interventions that help individuals avoid a recurrence of illness or addiction and maintain long-term health and recovery.
Relative Bradycardia
Relative bradycardia describes a heart rate that is unusually slow in relation to the level of fever present. It can be an important diagnostic clue for certain infections.
Relative Tachycardia
Relative tachycardia refers to a heart rate that is unexpectedly elevated in relation to a patient's clinical condition, even if the absolute heart rate appears within normal range.
Relaxation Response
The relaxation response is a natural physiological counterpart to stress reactions, reducing heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate to promote deep physical and mental relaxation.
Relaxation techniques
Relaxation techniques are structured methods to reduce stress and promote physical and mental well-being. They help the body and mind recover from tension and support long-term health.
Relieving tension
Relieving tension refers to methods and techniques that help reduce physical and mental strain, promoting relaxation and overall well-being.
REM-Schlaf
Der REM-Schlaf ist eine Phase des Schlafs, die durch schnelle Augenbewegungen, lebhafte Träume und hohe Gehirnaktivität gekennzeichnet ist.
Remifentanil
Remifentanil is a short-acting opioid analgesic used primarily for pain control during surgical procedures and in intensive care settings.
Remineralisation Therapy
Remineralisation therapy is a dental treatment that helps restore lost minerals in tooth enamel, strengthening teeth and preventing the progression of tooth decay.
Removing a plantar wart
Plantar wart removal: methods, tips and when to see a doctor. Learn how plantar warts can be safely and effectively removed.
Removing a tick bite
Removing a tick bite correctly: Learn how to safely and completely remove a tick and which symptoms may indicate an infection.
Removing a tick correctly
Ticks must be removed quickly and correctly to minimize the risk of pathogen transmission. Learn how to safely and properly remove a tick.
removing skin tags
Removing skin tags: safe methods, costs, and tips for eliminating benign skin growths with the help of a dermatologist or at home.
removing tonsil stones
Removing tonsil stones: safe methods to eliminate tonsilloliths. Learn how tonsil stones form, what symptoms they cause, and how to treat them effectively.
Renal Anaemia
Renal anaemia is a form of blood deficiency caused by chronic kidney disease. Damaged kidneys produce insufficient erythropoietin, reducing red blood cell production and impairing oxygen transport.
Renal Blood Pressure Regulation
Renal blood pressure regulation describes the ability of the kidneys to actively control and maintain stable blood pressure throughout the body.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant kidney disease in adults. Early diagnosis significantly improves the chances of successful treatment.
Renal Cell Damage
Renal cell damage refers to structural or functional injury to the specialized cells of the kidney. It can occur acutely or chronically and may significantly impair kidney function.
Renal Colic
Renal colic is a sudden, severe, cramping pain in the flank and urinary tract, most commonly caused by a kidney stone blocking the flow of urine.
Renal Osteodystrophy
Renal osteodystrophy refers to bone metabolism disorders caused by chronic kidney disease. It results from imbalances in minerals and hormones and can lead to bone pain and fractures.
Renal Pressure Measurement
Renal pressure measurement assesses blood pressure within the kidney vessels, helping to detect conditions such as renal artery stenosis at an early stage.
Renal Replacement Therapy
Renal replacement therapy includes medical treatments that take over the vital functions of failing kidneys. It is used in cases of acute or chronic kidney failure.
Renal Scintigraphy
Renal scintigraphy is a nuclear medicine imaging procedure used to assess kidney function and blood flow. It helps diagnose and monitor a wide range of kidney conditions.
Repeated Sprint Ability
Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA) is the capacity to perform multiple maximal sprints with short recovery periods. It is a key performance attribute in team sports.
Repression
Repression is a psychological defense mechanism in which distressing thoughts or memories are unconsciously kept out of conscious awareness.
Reproductive Medicine
Reproductive medicine is the medical specialty focused on human fertility, reproduction, and the diagnosis and treatment of infertility in women and men.
Residual Volume
Residual volume is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximum exhalation. It ensures continuous gas exchange and prevents the lungs from collapsing completely.
Resistance
Resistance in medicine refers to the ability of pathogens or body cells to withstand the effects of drugs or therapies. Antibiotic resistance is one of the most well-known examples.
Resistance gene
A resistance gene is a gene that enables microorganisms such as bacteria to withstand antibiotics or other antimicrobial agents. It plays a key role in the development of antibiotic resistance.
Resistance mutation
A resistance mutation is a genetic change in pathogens or tumor cells that makes them insensitive to specific medications, reducing treatment effectiveness.
Resistance profile
A resistance profile shows which antibiotics or drugs a pathogen is insensitive to. It is essential for targeted treatment of infectious diseases.
Resistance testing
Resistance testing is a laboratory procedure that determines whether pathogens are insensitive to specific medications. It is essential for targeted and effective treatment of infections.
Resistant starch
Resistant starch is a carbohydrate that is not digested in the small intestine and instead reaches the large intestine, where it acts as a dietary fiber and prebiotic.
Resorption inhibition markers
Resorption inhibition markers are biochemical lab values that measure bone breakdown in the body, used in the diagnosis and monitoring of bone metabolism disorders.
Resource Activation
Resource activation is a psychotherapeutic concept that identifies and uses a person's existing strengths and abilities to promote healing, resilience, and overall well-being.
Respiratory depression
Respiratory depression is a dangerous slowing or suppression of breathing, often caused by medications or drugs. It can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Respiratory Distress Syndrome is a serious lung condition causing acute breathing difficulty. It commonly affects premature newborns or occurs as a complication of severe illness.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the Newborn
Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the Newborn is a serious lung condition in premature infants caused by surfactant deficiency, requiring intensive medical care immediately after birth.
Respiratory insufficiency
Respiratory insufficiency occurs when the lungs can no longer maintain adequate gas exchange, leading to low oxygen or high carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
Respiratory Tract
The respiratory tract is the system of nose, throat, larynx, trachea, and bronchi that transports air to the lungs and enables gas exchange.
Resting metabolic rate
The resting metabolic rate (RMR) is the amount of energy the body needs at complete rest to maintain vital functions. It forms the basis for calculating daily caloric needs.
Restless Legs
Restless legs describe an uncomfortable urge to move the legs, especially at night, often causing significant sleep disturbances.
Restless Legs Syndrome
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological condition causing an uncomfortable urge to move the legs, especially during rest and at night.
Reston ebolavirus
Reston ebolavirus (RESTV) is one of five known ebolavirus species and the only one not known to cause severe disease in humans.
Restorative Dentistry
Restorative dentistry focuses on preserving natural teeth through cavity treatment, dental fillings, and root canal therapy to restore function and health.
Restorative Sleep
Restorative sleep is sleep that allows the body and mind to fully recover. It is essential for health, performance, and overall well-being.
restoring hormonal balance
Restoring hormonal balance means supporting the body´s hormone equilibrium. Learn about effective strategies involving nutrition, lifestyle, and medical care.
Resuscitation
Resuscitation refers to life-saving emergency measures applied during cardiac or respiratory arrest to restore circulation and breathing.
Resveratrol
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol found in various plants, especially grapes, berries, peanuts and some plant extracts.
Retatrutide
Retatrutide is an investigational drug for obesity and type 2 diabetes that simultaneously activates three gut hormone receptors: GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon.
Reticulocyte Analysis
Reticulocyte analysis is a blood test used to evaluate red blood cell production in the bone marrow. It measures immature red blood cells and aids in diagnosing anemia.
Reticulocyte Count
The reticulocyte count measures the number of immature red blood cells circulating in the blood. It is a key marker for assessing bone marrow activity and red blood cell production.
Reticulocytes
Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells that circulate in the blood as the final precursor stage before becoming mature erythrocytes. Their count reflects the activity of red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
Reticuloendothelial System
The reticuloendothelial system (RES) is a network of specialized immune cells that identifies and eliminates pathogens, foreign substances, and dead cells throughout the body.
Retinaculum reconstruction
Retinaculum reconstruction is a surgical procedure to restore the retinaculum, a fibrous band that stabilizes tendons and joints in the body.
Retinal Detachment
Retinal detachment is a serious eye condition in which the retina separates from the back of the eye and can lead to permanent vision loss if left untreated.
Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the retina that primarily affects young children. Early detection significantly improves the chances of survival and preserving vision.
Retinol in skin care
Retinol is a form of vitamin A that is widely used in skin care products due to its many positive effects on the skin.
Retinol metabolism
Retinol metabolism describes the absorption, conversion and utilisation of vitamin A in the body. It is essential for vision, immune function and cell growth.
Retinol-binding protein 4
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a transport protein that carries vitamin A (retinol) in the bloodstream and serves as a biomarker for insulin resistance and metabolic disorders.
Retinopathy
Retinopathy is a disease of the retina of the eye. It can seriously impair vision and is often caused by diabetes or high blood pressure.
Retinopathy of Prematurity
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is an eye disease affecting premature infants in which abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina can lead to vision loss or blindness if untreated.
Retinoschisis
Retinoschisis is a splitting of the retina into two layers. It can be inherited or acquired and often leads to visual disturbances or loss of vision.
Retropatellar arthrosis
Retropatellar arthrosis is a degenerative condition affecting the cartilage behind the kneecap. It causes pain during stair climbing, kneeling, and prolonged sitting with a bent knee.
Retrosternal
Retrosternal refers to the area located behind the sternum (breastbone). The term describes an anatomical position or pain felt behind the breastbone.
Revascularization
Revascularization refers to medical procedures aimed at restoring blood flow to a tissue or organ with insufficient circulation due to vessel narrowing or blockage.
Rhabdomyolysis
Rhabdomyolysis is a serious condition in which muscle tissue breaks down, releasing harmful substances into the bloodstream that can lead to acute kidney failure.
Rhesusfaktor
Der Rhesusfaktor ist ein vererbtes Merkmal auf der Oberfläche roter Blutkörperchen, das im Rahmen der Blutgruppenbestimmung als positiv oder negativ eingestuft wird.
Rheumatic autoimmune disease
Rheumatic autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue, causing chronic inflammation affecting joints, organs, and muscles.
Rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can occur as a complication of untreated streptococcal angina (sore throat) or other infections with the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes.
Rheumatic flare
A rheumatic flare is a sudden worsening of a rheumatic disease, causing intense joint pain, swelling, and stiffness that can last days to weeks.
Rheumatic Morning Stiffness
Rheumatic morning stiffness is the typical joint stiffness experienced after waking, associated with inflammatory rheumatic diseases and lasting more than 30 minutes.
Rheumatism
Rheumatism is a collective term for a variety of diseases that primarily affect joints, muscles, tendons and connective tissue.
Rheumatism causes
Rheumatism develops from a combination of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. Learn about the key causes and risk factors behind rheumatic diseases.
Rheumatism curable
Can rheumatism be cured? Most rheumatic diseases cannot be fully cured, but modern treatments can control symptoms effectively. Early diagnosis significantly improves quality of life.
Rheumatism Medications
Rheumatism medications relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and slow disease progression in rheumatic conditions. Learn about the most important drug classes used in rheumatology.
Rheumatism Nutrition
Rheumatism nutrition describes how targeted dietary habits can reduce inflammation and improve quality of life in people with rheumatic diseases.
Rheumatism self-test
A rheumatism self-test helps identify early signs of rheumatic diseases. Learn which symptoms may indicate rheumatism and when to see a doctor.
Rheumatism Symptoms
Rheumatism symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, and inflammation. Learn which signs may indicate a rheumatic disease and when to seek medical advice.
Rheumatism treatment
Rheumatism treatment includes medications, physiotherapy, and lifestyle changes to reduce pain, inflammation, and joint damage caused by rheumatic diseases.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that mainly affects the joints, but can also damage other organs and tissues in the body.
Rheumatoid factor
The rheumatoid factor is an antibody found in the blood that can indicate rheumatoid arthritis and other conditions. It is a key laboratory marker in rheumatology diagnostics.
Rheumatoid nodules
Rheumatoid nodules are firm lumps of tissue that form under the skin, most commonly in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. They are a classic sign of advanced disease.
Rhinitis atrophicans
Rhinitis atrophicans is a chronic nasal condition characterized by progressive atrophy of the nasal mucosa and underlying bone, leading to crusting and an enlarged nasal cavity.
Rhinolalia
Rhinolalia is a voice resonance disorder in which speech has an abnormally nasal or muffled quality. It can result from anatomical or functional causes affecting the nasal and oral passages.
Rhinolalia aperta
Rhinolalia aperta is a speech disorder in which air escapes through the nose during speaking, giving the voice an excessively nasal quality. It is often caused by a cleft palate or weakness of the soft palate.
Rhinolalia clausa
Rhinolalia clausa is a voice resonance disorder in which nasal resonance is reduced. Affected individuals sound as if they have a permanently blocked nose.
Rhinolalia Functionalis
Rhinolalia functionalis is a functional voice disorder in which nasal resonance during speech is abnormally altered without any organic cause. It manifests as a nasal or twangy quality of the voice.
Rhinolalia mixta
Rhinolalia mixta is a mixed form of nasal voice resonance disorder in which features of both open and closed rhinolalia occur simultaneously.
Rhinorrhea
Rhinorrhea refers to the excessive discharge of fluid from the nose, commonly known as a runny nose. It is a frequent symptom of colds, allergies, and infections.
Rhinotillexomania
Rhinotillexomania is a compulsive nose-picking disorder that goes beyond normal behavior and is classified as a mental health condition. Those affected struggle to control the urge.
Rhizarthrosis
Rhizarthrosis is osteoarthritis of the thumb carpometacarpal joint. It causes pain and restricted movement at the base of the thumb and is one of the most common joint conditions of the hand.
Rhodiola rosea
Rhodiola rosea, auch bekannt als Rosenwurz, ist eine Heilpflanze aus kalten Regionen Europas und Asiens.
Rhus toxicodendron
Rhus toxicodendron is a homeopathic remedy derived from poison ivy. It is traditionally used for joint and muscle pain as well as skin rashes.
Rib Contusion
A rib contusion is a painful chest injury caused by blunt force trauma to the ribs without an actual fracture. Learn about symptoms, causes, and treatment options.
Riboflavin
Riboflavin, also known as Vitamin B2, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for energy metabolism, cell growth, and protection against oxidative stress.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is essential for energy production, cell protection and metabolism. Find out more about its effects, deficiency symptoms and health benefits.
Riboflavin Absorption
Riboflavin absorption describes the uptake of vitamin B2 from the intestine into the bloodstream. It is essential for energy metabolism and numerous physiological processes.
Riboflavin Deficiency
Riboflavin deficiency is a lack of vitamin B2 that can cause skin lesions, cracked mouth corners, and eye problems. A balanced diet helps prevent this condition.
Riboflavin Intake
Riboflavin intake refers to the daily consumption of Vitamin B2 through food and supplements. Adequate intake is essential for energy metabolism and cellular health.
Riboflavin Kinase
Riboflavin kinase is an enzyme that converts riboflavin (vitamin B2) into its active form flavin mononucleotide (FMN), playing a key role in energy metabolism.
Riboflavin Kinase Activity
Riboflavin kinase activity refers to the enzymatic function of riboflavin kinase, which converts vitamin B2 into its active form FMN, playing a key role in energy metabolism.
Riboflavin Kinase Analysis
Riboflavin kinase analysis is a diagnostic method used to measure the activity of the enzyme riboflavin kinase, which converts vitamin B2 into its active coenzyme form.
Riboflavin Kinase Inhibition
Riboflavin kinase inhibition refers to the blocking of the enzyme riboflavin kinase, which converts vitamin B2 into its active form. This inhibition affects energy metabolism and essential cellular processes.
Riboflavin kinase optimization
Riboflavin kinase optimization refers to strategies that improve the enzymatic activity of riboflavin kinase, which converts vitamin B2 into its biologically active form FMN.
Riboflavin Kinase Profile
The riboflavin kinase profile describes the activity and expression of the enzyme riboflavin kinase, which converts riboflavin (vitamin B2) into its biologically active form.
Riboflavin Kinase Status
Riboflavin kinase status describes the activity of the enzyme riboflavin kinase and reflects how efficiently the body activates vitamin B2 for essential metabolic functions.
Riboflavin Metabolism
Riboflavin metabolism describes how the body absorbs, activates, and uses riboflavin (vitamin B2) – an essential process for energy production and numerous biochemical reactions.
Riboflavin metabolism optimization
Riboflavin metabolism optimization refers to strategies that improve the absorption, conversion, and biological use of riboflavin (vitamin B2) in the body.
Riboflavin phosphate
Riboflavin phosphate is the biologically active form of vitamin B2 and an essential cofactor for numerous metabolic processes in the human body.
Riboflavin synthesis analysis
Riboflavin synthesis analysis examines the production and metabolism of riboflavin (vitamin B2) in the body. It helps detect deficiencies and metabolic disorders at an early stage.
Riboflavin synthesis profile
The riboflavin synthesis profile describes the biochemical steps and factors involved in the absorption, conversion, and utilization of riboflavin (vitamin B2) in the human body.
Rice Protein Isolate
Rice protein isolate is a plant-based protein powder derived from rice grains, rich in essential amino acids and widely used as a vegan alternative to whey protein.
Rice protein powder
Rice protein powder is made from wholegrain rice or rice germ and is a vegan source of protein that is particularly popular with people with lactose intolerance, gluten intolerance or a vegan lifestyle.
Rice Syrup
Rice syrup is a natural sweetener derived from fermented rice. It is used as a sugar alternative in foods and has a mild, slightly caramel-like flavor.
Rifampicin resistance
Rifampicin resistance refers to the ability of bacteria to withstand the antibiotic rifampicin. It is a major challenge in the treatment of tuberculosis worldwide.
Right Bundle Branch Block
Right bundle branch block (RBBB) is a cardiac conduction disorder in which electrical impulses through the right bundle branch are delayed or blocked, typically detected on an ECG.
Ring vaccination
Ring vaccination is a targeted immunization strategy in which all close contacts of an infected person are vaccinated to prevent the further spread of an infectious disease.
Ringelflechte
Die Ringelflechte ist eine ansteckende Hautinfektion, die durch Pilze der Gattung Dermatophyten verursacht wird und charakteristische ringförmige Hautveränderungen hervorruft.
Ringworm causes
Ringworm is caused by fungal organisms called dermatophytes and is highly contagious. Learn about the most common causes and risk factors.
Risedronate
Risedronate is a bisphosphonate medication used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone. It slows bone loss and helps increase bone density.
Risk Profile
A risk profile summarizes individual factors that increase a person´s likelihood of developing disease. It helps physicians plan targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
Risperidone
Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism spectrum disorder.
Risus sardonicus
Risus sardonicus is an involuntary, spasm-induced facial grimace resembling a fixed grin, most commonly associated with tetanus. It is a serious medical warning sign.
Rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban is a prescription anticoagulant medication belonging to the class of direct oral anticoagulants. It is used to prevent and treat blood clots such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
RKI Flu Wave
Der Begriff RKI Grippewelle bezeichnet die von dem Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) offiziell festgestellte Phase erhöhter Influenza-Aktivität in Deutschland.
Rocuronium
Rocuronium is a muscle relaxant used in anaesthesia to temporarily paralyse skeletal muscles, enabling endotracheal intubation and surgical procedures.
Roemheld Syndrome
Das Roemheld-Syndrom beschreibt eine funktionelle Störung, bei der es durch übermäßige Gasansammlungen im Magen-Darm-Trakt zu Herzbeschwerden kommen kann.
Romberg Test
The Romberg Test is a neurological balance test in which the patient stands with eyes closed. It evaluates proprioception and balance function.
Romosozumab
Romosozumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat osteoporosis. It works by stimulating bone formation and reducing bone resorption simultaneously.
Root caries
Root caries is a form of tooth decay that affects the exposed surface of the tooth root. It is common in older adults and requires prompt dental treatment.
Root Preparation
Root preparations are plant-based products derived from the roots of medicinal plants. They contain bioactive compounds and are widely used in herbal medicine and as dietary supplements.
Ropivacaine
Ropivacaine is a local anesthetic used to block nerve signals during surgery and pain management. It is commonly applied in epidural anesthesia and peripheral nerve blocks.
Rose hip extract
Rosehip extract comes from the rosehip fruit of the dog rose. It is rich in vitamin C, antioxidants and flavonoids but cannot be eaten directly from the bush.
Roseola Infantum
Roseola infantum is a common viral illness in infants and toddlers, characterized by several days of high fever followed by a distinctive skin rash.
Rosmarinic acid
Rosmarinic acid is a natural plant compound from the polyphenol group found in rosemary, sage and basil, known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Rosuvastatin
Rosuvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering medication belonging to the statin drug class. It is used to treat high blood lipid levels and to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Rotational Angioplasty
Rotational angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat severely calcified coronary arteries by using a high-speed rotating diamond-tipped burr to remove deposits.
Rotator Cuff
The rotator cuff stabilizes your shoulder joint. Learn more about pain, common injuries, and effective exercises for strengthening and rehabilitation.
Rotator cuff reconstruction
Rotator cuff reconstruction is a surgical procedure to repair torn tendons in the shoulder, relieving pain and restoring normal shoulder function and mobility.
Rotator Cuff Tear
A rotator cuff tear is a common cause of shoulder pain and weakness. Learn about symptoms, causes, treatment options and rehabilitation strategies.
Roughanic acid
Roughanic acid is a naturally occurring phenolic acid found in plants, studied for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as a bioactive phytochemical compound.
Routine diagnostics for tuberculosis
Routine diagnostics for tuberculosis includes standardized tests to detect and confirm a TB infection. Key methods include imaging, laboratory tests, and microbiological analysis.
Rovsing Sign
The Rovsing sign is a clinical examination finding used to help diagnose appendicitis. It is positive when pressure on the left lower abdomen causes pain in the right lower abdomen.
rpoB I491F Mutation
The rpoB I491F mutation is a genetic change in the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can cause rifampicin resistance and is relevant for TB diagnostics.
RSV Infection
RSV infection is a respiratory illness caused by the Respiratory Syncytial Virus, primarily affecting infants, young children, and older adults.
Rubber dam
A rubber dam is a thin sheet of latex used in dentistry to isolate one or more teeth, keeping the treatment area dry and free from contamination.
Rumination
Rumination refers to repetitive, uncontrolled thinking about problems or worries. It is a common symptom of depression and anxiety disorders.
Runner's knee
Runner's knee is a pain syndrome on the outer knee, common in endurance athletes. It is caused by irritation of the iliotibial band. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment.
Runny Nose
Fließschnupfen bezeichnet eine Form des Schnupfens, bei der klarer, wässriger Nasenausfluss im Vordergrund steht.
Rupture of membranes
Rupture of membranes refers to the breaking of the amniotic sac during pregnancy or labor, causing amniotic fluid to leak. It can occur spontaneously or prematurely.
Die neusten Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryPhthalates
Phthalates are synthetic chemical compounds widely used as plasticizers in plastics. They are considered endocrine disruptors and may pose risks to human health, particularly in vulnerable populations.
Zearalenone
Zearalenone is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium molds on grain crops. It can disrupt the hormonal system in humans and animals.
Mycotoxins
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by mold fungi that can contaminate food and feed, posing serious health risks to humans and animals worldwide.
Die meistgelesenen Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryMagnesiumcarbonat
Magnesiumcarbonat ist eine anorganische Magnesiumverbindung mit säure-neutralisierender (antazidischer) Wirkung. Erfahre mehr über Vorteile, Einsatzgebiete und Unterschiede zu besser resorbierbaren Magnesiumformen.
Calorie content
The choice of food influences our energy intake. The calorie content varies greatly - some provide little energy, others a lot.
Cologne list
The Cologne List ® is an important initiative in competitive sports that offers athletes guidance in the selection of nutritional supplements.