Tuberculosis - symptoms, transmission & treatment
Tuberculosis is a contagious infection caused by bacteria. Information on symptoms, diagnosis, antibiotic treatment & protection through vaccination and prevention.
Things worth knowing about "Tuberculosis"
Tuberculosis is a bacterial infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs, but can also affect other organs such as the kidneys, bones or lymph nodes.
Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is mainly transmitted by droplet infection when coughing or sneezing.
The disease usually begins with unspecific symptoms such as cough, weight loss, fatigue and mild fever. In advanced stages, bloody cough and chest pain may occur. Pulmonary tuberculosis is particularly contagious and can be life-threatening without timely treatment. In recent years, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, in which the bacteria are resistant to many common antibiotics, has become a growing challenge.
Diagnosis is made using X-rays, skin tests (Tine test or tuberculin skin test) or by detecting the bacteria in sputum (cough samples). Molecular genetic tests are also helpful in determining the type of tuberculosis and its resistance to medication.
Treatment of tuberculosis usually consists of a combination of antibiotics over a period of several months. Complete treatment is crucial to ensure cure and prevent the development of resistant strains. In some cases, hospitalisation may be necessary, especially in severe cases or if the infection is resistant to the usual medication.
Prevention in many countries includes the BCG vaccination (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin), which reduces the risk of tuberculosis infection, especially in children. Other preventative measures include ventilating indoor spaces, wearing mouth protection in risk areas and avoiding close contact with infected people.
A healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and an adequate intake of vitamins and minerals such as vitamin D, zinc and iron can also help to strengthen the immune system and support the body's defences against infections.
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