Serotonin - neurotransmitter for mood, sleep, digestion & well-being
Serotonin regulates mood, sleep and digestion. A deficiency can lead to depression and irritable bowel syndrome. Lactoferrin supports the serotonergic balance via the gut-brain axis.
Things worth knowing about "Serotonin"
Serotonin is an important neurotransmitter and a hormone that is responsible for regulating mood, sleep, appetite and digestion, among other things.
Serotonin is often referred to as the "feel-good hormone" because it is associated with positive feelings such as happiness and contentment. Serotonin therefore influences emotional well-being and helps to stabilise inner balance. A balanced serotonin level is therefore essential for physical and mental health. A deficiency of serotonin can lead to various health problems such as depression, sleep disorders and digestive problems.
Chemically, serotonin belongs to the group of biogenic amines and is formed in the body from the amino acid tryptophan. Around 90% of the body's serotonin is found in the gastrointestinal tract, where it controls intestinal motility; only around 10% acts in the central nervous system, primarily in the limbic system, which is responsible for emotions and motivation.Tryptophan is found in foods such as eggs, nuts, seeds, fish and cheese. These foods promote the production of serotonin and thus help to increase serotonin levels in the brain. A balanced diet with sufficient tryptophan can help to keep serotonin levels at a healthy level.
Serotonin plays an important role in regulating the sleep-wake rhythm, as it serves as a precursor for the sleep hormone melatonin. Melatonin, which is produced in the pineal gland of the brain, controls the biological circadian rhythm and promotes sleep. In the dark, serotonin is converted into melatonin, which signals to the body that it is time to sleep. A stable serotonin level is therefore necessary for melatonin production and healthy sleep.
The connection point between serotonin and the immune system is exciting. In the context of psycho-neuro-immunology, it is being discussed how chronic inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis can disrupt serotonin production. A key role here is played by lactoferrin, which not only has an anti-inflammatory effect, but also protects the barrier function of the intestine and may contribute to the stabilisation of serotonin activity in the enteric nervous system. In animal models, lactoferrin showed anxiolytic (anxiety-relieving) and mood-enhancing effects, presumably via indirect modulation of serotonergic signalling pathways.
Important properties of serotonin:
- Regulates mood, sleep, appetite and bowel movements
- Serotonin deficiency can lead to depression, anxiety and irritable bowel syndrome
- Supported by tryptophan, vitamin B6, magnesium, sunlight
- Central role in the gut-brain axis
- Lactoferrin can support serotonin-associated processes via immune and gut effects
Literature
- Berger, M. et al. (2009). "The expanded biology of serotonin." Annual Review of Medicine.
- Carabotti, M. et al. (2015). "The gut-brain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems." Frontiers in Neuroscience.
- Wang, B. et al. (2021). "Lactoferrin-induced modulation of mood and behaviour via gut-brain axis mechanisms." International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
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