Meningitis - causes, symptoms & treatment of meningitis
Meningitis is a serious inflammation of the meninges. Find out all about the causes, symptoms, treatment options and how vaccinations can prevent it.
Things worth knowing about "Meningitis"
Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes of the brain and spinal cord (meninges) that surround the central nervous system. It
Meningitis is usually caused by viruses or bacteria less commonly by fungi or parasites. bacterial meningitis is particularly dangerous, as it progresses rapidly and can be life-threatening if left untreated. The most common bacterial pathogens include meningococci (Neisseria meningitidis), pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Viral forms, such as those caused by enteroviruses or the TBE virus, often have a milder course.
The illness usually begins suddenly with high fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, sensitivity to light, nausea and a general feeling of illness. In infants and young children, the symptoms are often unspecific - apathy, vomiting, refusal to drink or a bulging fontanel can provide clues. In severe cases, loss of consciousness, seizures or life-threatening shock may occur. A rapid diagnosis and treatment are crucial - typically via a lumbar puncture to analyse the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid).
The treatment depends on the pathogen.Bacterial meningitis is treated immediately with high-dose antibiotics , sometimes additionally with corticosteroids to prevent neurological sequelae. Viral forms usually only require symptomatic treatment vaccinations against meningococci, pneumococci and Hib as well as against TBE can be effective preventive measures. Immunisation is particularly essential for children, the elderly and immunocompromised people. Meningitis is considered a medical emergency - any delay can have serious consequences.
Important facts about meningitis:- Causes: bacteria, viruses, rarely fungi or parasites
- Symptoms: headache, stiff neck, fever, photophobia, confusion
- Diagnosis: Lumbar puncture and laboratory examination of the cerebrospinal fluid
- Therapy: Immediate administration of antibiotics (for bacterial meningitis)
- Prevention: vaccinations against meningococci, pneumococci, TBE, Hib
Literature references:
- RKI (2023): "Meningococcal diseases - Information for healthcare professionals."
- Brouwer, M. C. et al. (2010). "Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults." The New England Journal of Medicine.
- WHO (2022): "Meningitis - Global Roadmap to Defeat Meningitis by 2030."
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