M62.1 – Ischemic Infarction of Muscle Explained
M62.1 is the ICD-10 code for ischemic infarction of muscle. Muscle tissue dies due to insufficient blood supply. It most commonly affects patients with diabetes or vascular disease.
Things worth knowing about "M62.1"
M62.1 is the ICD-10 code for ischemic infarction of muscle. Muscle tissue dies due to insufficient blood supply. It most commonly affects patients with diabetes or vascular disease.
What is M62.1?
M62.1 is a diagnostic code from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), representing ischemic infarction of muscle, also referred to as ischemic muscle necrosis. This condition occurs when skeletal muscle tissue dies as a result of insufficient or completely interrupted blood supply. The term ischemia refers to a state of reduced or absent perfusion to a tissue or organ.
Causes
Ischemic muscle infarction can result from several underlying conditions:
- Diabetes mellitus: Diabetic muscle infarction is the most common cause, particularly in patients with poorly controlled type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The thigh and calf muscles are most frequently affected.
- Peripheral arterial disease (PAD): Narrowed or occluded arteries reduce blood flow to the muscles, leading to ischemic damage.
- Thrombosis or embolism: Blood clots that block vessels can cause localized muscle necrosis.
- Vasculitis: Inflammatory diseases of blood vessels can impair muscle perfusion.
- Compartment syndrome: Elevated pressure within a muscle compartment can cut off blood supply.
- Traumatic injury: Trauma causing vascular damage may also lead to ischemic muscle infarction.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on the underlying cause and the affected muscle group. Common presentations include:
- Sudden or gradually developing muscle pain, often in the thigh or lower leg
- Swelling and hardening of the affected muscle area
- Pain on pressure and movement
- Possible skin discoloration such as redness, pallor, or bluish discoloration
- General malaise and fever in severe cases
- Elevated muscle enzymes in the blood, such as creatine kinase (CK)
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of ischemic muscle infarction is typically based on a combination of clinical and diagnostic findings:
- Clinical examination: Assessment of pain, swelling, and perfusion status
- Blood tests: Measurement of muscle enzymes (creatine kinase, myoglobin, LDH), inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR), blood glucose, and HbA1c
- Imaging: MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is the most sensitive method for detecting muscle infarction. Ultrasound can also be used as an initial diagnostic tool.
- Muscle biopsy: In uncertain cases, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis histologically.
- Vascular studies: Doppler and duplex ultrasonography to evaluate arterial blood flow
Treatment
Treatment is directed at the underlying cause and at managing symptoms:
- Management of underlying disease: Optimizing blood glucose control in diabetes, treating vascular disease or thrombosis
- Pain management: Analgesics to relieve muscle pain
- Rest and immobilization: Reducing load on the affected muscle
- Physical therapy: Rehabilitation to restore muscle function after the acute phase has resolved
- Vascular interventions: Revascularization procedures such as bypass surgery or angioplasty in cases of arterial occlusion
- Fasciotomy: Emergency surgical decompression in cases of compartment syndrome
Prognosis
The prognosis depends largely on the underlying cause and the extent of muscle damage. With timely treatment and effective management of the underlying condition, partial or full recovery of muscle function is possible in many cases. Recurrence is common, particularly in patients with poorly controlled diabetes or advanced vascular disease.
References
- Dimachkie MM, Barohn RJ. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Semin Neurol. 2012;32(3):227-236.
- Trujillo-Santos AJ. Diabetic muscle infarction: an underdiagnosed complication of long-standing diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(1):211-215.
- World Health Organization (WHO). International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10). M62.1 – Ischemic infarction of muscle.
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