- What is the task of insulin?
- How does insulin resistance come about?
- Insulin resistance as a protective signal of the body
- The insulin resistance and the Homa index
- The role of the pancreas
- What role does modern life play in this?
- How do I recognize pancreatic disease?
- Stoerungen im Insulinhaushalt
- Typical symptoms of insulin resistance:
- The most important tips for insulin resistance:
- The best foods for more insulin sensitivity:
- Conclusion:
- Literature:
Are you often tired after a meal? Do you crave sweetness and even the umpteenth cup of coffee no longer has the desired effect? Do you get bad-tempered or even turn into a diva when you're hungry? Would you like to get rid of a few kilos, but losing belly fat is difficult for you? Diets don't help and in addition to curves in the wrong places you also get blemished skin? Insulin resistance may be behind all these symptoms. Find out exactly what it is and what you can do about it in this article.
What is the task of insulin?
The word „insulin“ is often directly associated with the blood sugar disease diabetes mellitus. However, the real meaning and function of insulin and its disorders are unknown to many. Insulin is a hormone that is produced in the pancreas. Its main task is to regulate the amount of nutrients circulating in the bloodstream. When we eat something that contains carbohydrates, the blood sugar level rises. Our pancreas then releases insulin into the blood. The hormone insulin regulates the blood sugar balance via several mechanisms. Sugar (glucose) is the most important „fuel“ for humans. When insulin enters the bloodstream and binds to cells (receptors), these can absorb the energy from the blood and the blood sugar level drops. The hormone insulin also has an anti-inflammatory effect, supports the renewal of connective tissue<and skin and is important for the recovery of vital minerals in the kidneys. Insulin has been shown to promote growth in various tissues and is responsible for the feeling of satiety in the brain. [1][2]
How does insulin resistance come about?
In the case of insulin resistance, the body cells become stubborn and no longer respond sufficiently to the mediator insulin. As a result, the blood sugar does not drop adequately and the pancreas sends more insulin. This then leads to a high insulin level in the blood, a so-called hyperinsulinemia. The tricky thing about these high insulin levels is that insulin suppresses the burning of fat. We then gain weight even more easily. So if a cell in our body does not react sufficiently to insulin, more insulin is needed to achieve the same reaction. If a cell is very insensitive to insulin, this is known as insulin resistance.
Insulin resistance as a protective signal of the body
In our body, different tissues and organs are made insulin-insensitive every day depending on the situation and for a limited period of time, as a result of which they receive less glucose, i.e. less energy supply. Local tissue-specific insulin resistance is used during acute stress to provide energy and distribute it as needed. [3] Some examples for a better understanding: When we exercise, the digestive organs become insulin resistant and absorb less energy because there is no benefit.strong>there is no benefit to investing energy in digestion when muscle activity is required. If the immune system needs more energy during a flu infection, the muscles become insulin resistant. As a result, we don't feel like exercising when we are ill, as the muscles are supplied with less energy. Exerting yourself physically despite this protective signal from the body could be very dangerous.
Insulin resistance can also be caused by a lack of exercise, an excessive amount of carbohydrates and high-sugar foods, overweight and many other factors.
The insulin resistance and the Homa index
What does the Homa Index say? The risk of insulin resistance can be determined by looking at the blood glucose and insulin levels. This calculation is also referred to as “HOMA–Index“. The abbreviation “HOMA” stands for Homeostasis Model Assessment. To determine the HOMA–Index, a blood sample is required in the wet state. What are the values for insulin resistance? If blood glucose levels are between 100 mg/dl (5.6 mmol/l) and 125 mg/dl (6.9 mmol/l) overnight or between 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/l) and 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l) after 2 hours, there is a high probability of insulin resistance.
The role of the pancreas
The pancreas is the gateway to the digestive system and is responsible for the absorption and distribution of all energy. It consists of 98 percent cells, which are responsible for the production of digestive enzymes for the intestine. The other 2 percent of the organ produces the hormones insulin, glucagon, polypeptides and somatostatin. Despite its low weight of around 100 grams, it plays a crucial role in our organism. If insulin resistance occurs, the pancreas is stretched beyond its healthy level. It actually ensures that sufficient insulin is produced and that the blood sugar level remains within the norm. If insulin resistance is already present, this function can no longer be carried out properly. The first symptoms appear, such as a constant feeling of hunger and, above all, a craving for sweets. Sugar that does not reach the cell due to resistance then leads to the storage of „unhealthy“ belly fat. Due to the versatile tasks of insulin, insulin resistance can have a negative effect on tissue, skin or even sexual organs.
.What role does modern life play in this?
Our modern lives are characterized by frequent meals. Added to this are often refined carbohydrates, sugar, alcohol or tobacco. All of these influences demand constant activity of the pancreas – right up to overactivity of the pancreas. If this happens over a longer period of time and the pancreas becomes exhausted as a result, it can lead to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (short: EPI) or pancreatic insufficiency can occur. [4] This begins with symptoms such as digestive problems, problems with insulin production and then later also type 2 diabetes mellitus.
.How do I recognize pancreatic disease?
The clinical symptoms of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency are an unpleasant smelling stool (fatty stool), bloating, lack of fatty nutrients (vitamin C), fat stool (vitamin D), fat stool (vitamin B), fat stool (vitamin C), fat stool (vitamin D);nutrients (vitamins A, D, E, K) and their functions with regard to the immune system, blood clotting or alcohol tolerance as well as bloating and general malaise. [5]
Stoerungen im Insulinhaushalt
After ingestion of food, the hormone insulin is produced by Langerhans beta cells in the pancreas. [6] [7] Insulin production is also controlled by two hormones (GIP, GLP 1). If these two are broken down too quickly or too little, this can lead to disturbances in the insulin balance. [8] The enzyme DPP-4 is responsible for the inactivation of GIP and GLP 1, which is why an overactivity of DPP-4 is associated with insulin disorders and diseases such as metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus. [9][10][11] The two hormones GIP and GLP 1 are not the only substances that are broken down by the DPP-4 enzyme, but also gluten in cereals and casein from dairy products. [12] In other words, cereals and dairy products have a negative impact on insulin and on diseases such as diabetes and acne. Heavy metals such as mercury from amalgam fillings also bind to DPP-4 and can cause a deficiency. [13]
Typical symptoms of insulin resistance:
The most important tips for insulin resistance:
- Move your shoulders for insulin sensitivity of the cells
- Reduction of meal frequency: At least five to seven hours break between meals
- Reduction of carbohydrate-rich foods such as cereals (wheat, rye, oats, barley, spelt, grasses
- potatoes, rice and sugar to relieve and increase rest periods for the pancreas
- Reduction of or Ovoidance of alcohol and tobacco
- Reduction of dairy products (milk protein; casein)
- Reduction of bad fats from fattening animals and linoleic acid from vegetable fat sources such as sunflower, corn germ or safflower oil
- Using food as medicine: Wasabi, cayenne pepper, ginger, turmeric, cinnamon and garlic täglich to restore[17]
- Mango and other tropical fruits combined with fermented vegetables
insulin„sensors“ on the cell walls [18][19]
The best foods for more insulin sensitivity:
- Artichokes
- Avocado
- Berries (strawberries, blueberries and cranberries)
- Bitter melon
- Fenugreek
- Fenugreek/li>
- Broccoli
- Chinese cabbage
- Fermented vegetables (sauerkraut)
- Pleasant liver
- Ginger
- Garlic
- Turmeric
- Kürbis
- Sea fish
- Seafood and shellfish (oysters)
- Nuts (almonds)
- Spinach
- Root vegetables
- Cinnamon
- Onion
Conclusion:
Insulin resistance and its symptoms and clinical pictures can be treated with a proper diet and lifestyle. Our recommendations are aimed at all people who want to do something for their general well-being in the long term. The positive consequences of increased insulin sensitivity are more beautiful skin, better hair growth and increased performance.
.Literature:
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- Dandona P.: Vascular Reactivity in Diabetes Mellitus. Endocrinol Nutr. 2009; 56 Suppl 4.
- Tsatsoulis A., Mantzaris M. D., Bellou S., Andrikoula M.: Insulin Resistance: An Adap- tive Mechanism Becomes Maladaptive in the Current Environment – An Evolutionary Perspective. Metabolism. 2013; 62.
- Czakó L., Hegyi P., Rakonczay Z., et al: Interactions Between the Endocrine and Exocrine Pancreas and Their Clinical Relevance. Pancreatology. 2009; 9.
- Roxas M.: The Role of Enzyme Supplementation in Digestive Disorders. Altern Med Rev. 2008; 13.
- Neuschwander-Tetri B. A., Clark J. M., Bass N. M., et al: Clinical, Laboratory and Histo- logical Associations in Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Hepatology. 2010; 52.
- Marcheva B., Ramsey K. M., Buhr E. D., et al: Disruption of the Clock Components CLOCK and BMAL1 Leads to Hypoinsulinaemia and Diabetes. Nature. 2010; 466.
- Baggio L. L., Drucker D. J.: Biology of Incretins: GLP-1 and GIP. Gastroenterology. 2007; 132.
- Kalra S.: Emerging Role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV (DPP-4) Inhibitor Vildagliptin in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. J Assoc Physicians India. 2011; 59.
- Ahrén B.: Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: Clinical Data and Clinical Implications. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30.
- D‘Amico M., Di Filippo C., Marfella R., et al: Long-term Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 in Alzheimer‘s Prone Mice. Exp Gerontol. 2010; 45.
- Vojdani A., Pangborn J. B., Vojdani E., Cooper E. L.: Infections, Toxic Chemicals and Dietary Peptides Binding to Lymphocyte Receptors and Tissue Enzymes Are Major Instigators of Autoimmunity in Autism. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2003; 16.
- Karhunen L. J., Juvonen K. R., Huotari A., et al: Effect of Protein, Fat, Carbohydrate and Fiber on Gastrointestinal Peptide Release in Humans. Regul Pept. 2008; 149.
- Pavičić Baldani D., Skrgatić L., Bukvić Mokos Z., Trgovčić I.: Hyperandrogenemia As- sociation with Acne and Hirsutism Severity in Croatian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2013; 21.
- Melnik B. C., John S. M., Plewig G.: Acne: Risk Indicator for Increased Body Mass Index and Insulin Resistance. Acta Derm Venereol. 2013.
- Kumari R., Thappa D. M.: Role of Insulin Resistance and Diet in Acne. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2013; 79.
- Amagase H.: Clarifying the Real Bioactive Constituents of Garlic. J Nutr. 2006; 136. 30. Masibo M., He Q.: Major Mango Polyphenols and Their Potential Significance to Human Health. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2008; 7.
- Masibo M., He Q.: Major Mango Polyphenols and Their Potential Significance to Human Health. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2008; 7.
- Lucas E. A., Li W., Peterson S. K., et al: Mango Modulates Body Fat and Plasma Glucose and Lipids in Mice Fed a High-fat Diet. Br J Nutr. 2011; 106.