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Autologous Blood Plasma (PRP) – Effects and Uses

Autologous blood plasma is a concentrate derived from a patient´s own blood, rich in growth factors, and used in medicine to promote natural healing and tissue regeneration.

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Things worth knowing about "Autologous Blood Plasma"

Autologous blood plasma is a concentrate derived from a patient´s own blood, rich in growth factors, and used in medicine to promote natural healing and tissue regeneration.

What Is Autologous Blood Plasma?

Autologous blood plasma, commonly known as Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), is a concentrated blood-derived product prepared from a patient´s own blood. It contains a high concentration of platelets, growth factors, cytokines, and bioactive proteins that play a key role in tissue repair and regeneration. Because the material originates from the patient´s own body, the risk of rejection or allergic reaction is minimal.

Preparation Process

The preparation of autologous blood plasma involves a straightforward procedure:

A small amount of blood – typically between 10 and 60 ml – is drawn from the patient´s vein.
The blood is placed into a centrifuge, which spins at high speed to separate its components.
The platelet-rich plasma layer is separated from red blood cells and platelet-poor plasma.
The concentrated PRP is then either used directly or activated to trigger the release of growth factors before injection.

Mechanism of Action

Autologous blood plasma works by delivering a concentrated dose of platelets to the target tissue. Upon activation, these platelets release numerous growth factors, including:

PDGF (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor) – stimulates cell growth and tissue repair
TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor Beta) – regulates inflammation and scar formation
VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) – promotes the formation of new blood vessels
EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) – supports skin and epithelial tissue regeneration

Together, these factors stimulate cell renewal, enhance collagen production, and accelerate the natural healing response in treated tissues.

Areas of Application

Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

In orthopedics, PRP is widely used to treat tendon injuries (such as Achilles tendinopathy and lateral epicondylitis), osteoarthritis of the joints, and muscle injuries. Many professional athletes use PRP therapy to accelerate recovery after sports-related injuries.

Aesthetic Medicine and Dermatology

In aesthetic medicine, autologous blood plasma is used for skin rejuvenation. It is injected into the skin or applied after microneedling to reduce fine lines, improve skin tone, and refine skin texture. PRP is also used to treat hair loss (alopecia) by stimulating dormant hair follicles and promoting new hair growth.

Dentistry and Oral Surgery

In dentistry, PRP supports wound healing after tooth extractions, dental implant placements, and maxillofacial surgical procedures by accelerating bone regeneration and soft tissue healing.

Ophthalmology

Autologous blood plasma is used in ophthalmology in the form of autologous eye drops for severe cases of dry eye syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and certain corneal conditions.

Safety and Side Effects

Since PRP is derived from the patient´s own blood, it is generally very well tolerated. However, some side effects may occur:

Temporary swelling, redness, or tenderness at the injection site
Occasional bruising or mild inflammatory reactions
In rare cases: infection (if proper sterile technique is not followed)

Contraindications include active infections at the treatment site, certain blood coagulation disorders, and the use of specific medications such as blood thinners.

Scientific Evidence

The scientific evidence supporting autologous blood plasma therapy is promising, though not yet fully consistent across all applications. Several clinical studies in orthopedics and dermatology have demonstrated positive outcomes. Larger, well-controlled trials are still needed to confirm optimal protocols and long-term efficacy for all indications. Medical societies recommend an individualized assessment of the benefits and risks before treatment.

References

Marques L.F. et al. - Platelet-rich plasma (PRP): methodological aspects and clinical applications. Platelets, 2015; 26(2): 101-113. PubMed PMID: 24801825.
Dhillon R.S. et al. - PRP therapy: a systematic literature review. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2012; 30(2): 192-197.
Everts P.A. et al. - Platelet-rich plasma and platelet gel: a review. Journal of Extra-Corporeal Technology, 2006; 38(2): 174-187.

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