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Bluetongue Disease – Symptoms, Transmission and Prevention

Bluetongue is a viral disease in ruminants transmitted by midges. Learn more about its symptoms, progression, and how to protect livestock.

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Things worth knowing about "Bluetongue Disease"

Die Blauzungenkrankheit ist eine ansteckende Viruserkrankung, die vor allem Wiederkäuer wie Schafe, Rinder, Ziegen und Wildtiere betrifft.

 Die Blauzungenkrankheit wird durch das Bluetongue-Virus ausgelöst, das zur Familie der Reoviridae gehört. Eine Übertragung von Tier zu Tier findet nicht direkt statt, sondern ausschließlich über Stechmücken der Gattung Culicoides. Für den Menschen ist die Krankheit nicht gefährlich, hat jedoch große Bedeutung für Tiergesundheit und Landwirtschaft.

Die Symptome variieren je nach Tierart. Bei Schafen verläuft die Erkrankung häufig schwer mit Fieber, Entzündungen der Schleimhäute, geschwollener Zunge, Lahmheit und in manchen Fällen auch Tod. Rinder zeigen meist mildere oder symptomlose Verläufe, sind aber bedeutende Virusträger. Die Erkrankung führt zu Wirtschaftsschäden durch Tierverluste, Einschränkungen im Handel und zusätzliche Tierarztkosten. In Deutschland ist die Blauzungenkrankheit eine anzeigepflichtige Tierseuche.

Zur Vorbeugung stehen in betroffenen Regionen Impfstoffe zur Verfügung, die gezielt gegen bestimmte Virus-Serotypen wirken. Ein konsequenter Mückenschutz, regelmäßige Kontrollen und behördlich angeordnete Sperrgebiete gehören ebenfalls zu den zentralen Maßnahmen. Die Überwachung erfolgt über das nationale Tierseuchen-Meldesystem.

Blauzungenkrankheit im Überblick:

  • Erreger: Bluetongue-Virus (BTV), Übertragung durch Stechmücken
  • Betroffene Tierarten: v. a. Schafe, Rinder, Ziegen
  • Symptome: Fieber, Entzündung, Zungenödeme, Lahmheit
  • Keine Ansteckung für den Menschen
  • Maßnahmen: Impfung, Mückenschutz, Meldepflicht

Literaturangaben:

  • Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 2023: Blauzungenkrankheit – Fachinformationen
  • OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health), 2022: Bluetongue Fact Sheet
  • RKI (Robert Koch-Institut), 2022: Blauzungenkrankheit – Zoonose oder nicht?
  • Maclachlan, N.J. et al. (2019): Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses: Recent Developments and Future Challenges. Vet Ital.

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