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Cryolipolysis – Targeted Fat Reduction by Cold

Cryolipolysis is a non-invasive procedure for targeted fat reduction, in which fat cells are broken down through controlled cooling.

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Things worth knowing about "Cryolipolysis"

Cryolipolysis is a non-invasive procedure for targeted fat reduction, in which fat cells are broken down through controlled cooling.

What is Cryolipolysis?

Cryolipolysis is a non-invasive, medical-aesthetic procedure designed to reduce localized fat deposits. The name derives from the Greek words for cold (cryo), fat (lipo), and dissolution (lysis). The procedure exploits the particular sensitivity of fat cells to cold temperatures, enabling their selective destruction without damaging the surrounding tissue.

Cryolipolysis was developed at Harvard Medical School and is widely known under the brand name CoolSculpting. It is commonly used to target stubborn fat pockets that are difficult to reduce through diet and exercise alone.

Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of cryolipolysis is based on the principle of cold-induced apoptosis – the programmed cell death of fat cells (adipocytes). Fat cells are more sensitive to cold than surrounding structures such as skin, muscle, and nerves.

During the procedure, a specialized applicator is placed on the skin, drawing in the underlying fat tissue and cooling it to approximately -5 to -10 °C.
This controlled cooling triggers an inflammatory response within the fat cells, ultimately leading to apoptosis.
The destroyed fat cells are subsequently processed and eliminated by the body via the lymphatic system over the following weeks.
Visible results typically appear within 4 to 12 weeks after treatment.

Areas of Application

Cryolipolysis can be applied to treat localized fat deposits on various areas of the body:

Abdomen and flanks (love handles)
Thighs (inner and outer)
Back and hips
Upper arms
Chin and cheeks (submental fat)
Knee area

The procedure is not a weight-loss treatment and is not suitable for individuals with obesity. It is intended for people with a normal to slightly elevated body weight who wish to reduce specific, localized fat areas.

Treatment Procedure

A single cryolipolysis session typically lasts between 35 and 60 minutes, depending on the body area being treated. The procedure generally follows these steps:

A protective gel pad is applied to the treatment area to shield the skin.
The applicator is positioned and suctions the fat tissue into the cooling panels.
During cooling, patients may experience sensations of coldness, tingling, or mild pulling, which usually subside within a few minutes.
After the session, the treated area is briefly massaged to enhance the lipolytic effect.

A single session is often sufficient, but additional treatments may be recommended for larger fat deposits or to achieve more pronounced results.

Results and Efficacy

Clinical studies have demonstrated that cryolipolysis can reduce the fat layer in the treated area by an average of 20 to 25 percent. Results are long-lasting because fat cells do not regenerate – as long as body weight remains stable.

Side Effects and Risks

Cryolipolysis is considered a safe procedure with a low side-effect profile. Possible temporary side effects include:

Redness, swelling, and bruising at the treatment site
Tingling, numbness, or skin sensitivity
Aching or pulling sensations in the days following treatment

A rare but documented complication is paradoxical adipose hyperplasia: instead of shrinking, the treated fat tissue enlarges. This reaction is estimated to occur in approximately 0.0051 percent of treatments and appears to be more common in men.

Contraindications

Cryolipolysis is not suitable for individuals with the following conditions:

Cold urticaria or cryoglobulinemia (cold hypersensitivity)
Raynaud syndrome
Open wounds or active inflammation in the treatment area
Pregnancy
Neuropathy or significantly impaired pain sensation

References

Manstein D, Laubach H, Watanabe K et al. - Selective cryolysis: A novel method of non-invasive fat removal. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. 2008;40(9):595-604.
Coleman SR, Sachdeva K, Egbert BM et al. - Clinical efficacy of noninvasive cryolipolysis and its effects on peripheral nerves. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2009;33(4):482-488.
Ingargiola MJ, Motakef S, Chung MT et al. - Cryolipolysis for fat reduction and body contouring: Safety and efficacy of current treatment paradigms. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2015;135(6):1581-1590.

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