Halitosis – Causes, Treatment & Prevention of Bad Breath
Halitosis is often caused by bacteria on the tongue. Learn how tongue cleaning, mouth rinses, and hygiene prevent and treat bad breath.
Things worth knowing about "Halitosis"
Halitosis, commonly known as bad breath, refers to unpleasant odor emanating from the mouth, usually originating in the oral cavity and less often from systemic or respiratory causes.
Approximately one in four adults is affected at some point. The main cause is bacterial decomposition on the tongue surface or in dental plaque, producing volatile sulfur compounds.
Primary causes include poor oral hygiene, tongue coating, periodontitis, dry mouth (xerostomia), smoking, and certain foods such as garlic or onions. Less commonly, systemic diseases like diabetes mellitus, liver or kidney disorders, or ENT infections may be responsible. A thorough oral examination is essential to determine the origin of the odor.
The most effective treatment focuses on improving oral hygiene, tongue cleaning, and professional dental cleaning. Mouth rinses containing chlorhexidine, zinc, or essential oils can help reduce bacterial activity. Persistent halitosis requires medical evaluation for underlying systemic causes. Preventive measures include hydration, balanced diet, and avoiding odor-causing substances.
Key Facts about Halitosis
- Main cause: bacterial decomposition on tongue or dental plaque
- Affects roughly 25 % of adults
- Treatment: tongue cleaning, oral hygiene, and antimicrobial rinses
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