Lactoperoxidase - antimicrobial enzyme with protective function for mucous membranes and immune system

Lactoperoxidase is a naturally occurring enzyme from the peroxidase family.enzyme from the peroxidase family, which is found in particular in milk, saliva, tear fluid and other secretions. It is part of the natural immune system and has a pronounced antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal effect. In combination with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and the substrate thiocyanate (SCN-), it forms an active antimicrobial system that fulfils an important protective function, particularly on mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, intestines and respiratory tract.

The effect of lactoperoxidase is based on the enzymatic oxidation of thiocyanate to antimicrobial hypothiocyanate ions (OSCN-), which damage the cell membranes of bacteria and fungi and inhibit their proliferation. In this way, the enzyme helps to maintain the microbial balance on mucous membranes without destroying the beneficial microbiota. Lactoperoxidase is particularly active against gram-positive bacteria, but also against gram-negative germs, viruses and yeasts such as Candida albicans.

In health research, lactoperoxidase is increasingly being discussed in the context of natural mucosal immunity, dental and oral health as well as probiotic and antimicrobial food supplements. It is used in lozenges, toothpastes or functional foods - in particular to support oral and gastrointestinal barrier function. There is also evidence that it has a synergistic effect in the gut in combination with other protective factors such as lactoferrin.

Mechanisms of action of lactoperoxidase:

• Oxidation of thiocyanate to hypothiocyanate (antimicrobial)

• Inhibition of bacterial proliferation on mucous membranes

• Inactivation of certain viruses through oxidative damage

• Support of the oral, nasal and intestinal immune defence

• Reduction of pathogenic germs without damaging the beneficial intestinal flora

Applications in medicine and naturopathy:

• Protection against mouth and throat infections

• Supplement for prophylaxis of caries, periodontitis and halitosis

• Ingredient in lozenges, toothpastes and mouthwashes

• Support for intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation of the mucous membranes

• Use in food supplements for mucosal barrier and immune function

Combination with other natural protective substances:

• Lactoferrin: synergistic antimicrobial, immunomodulatory

• Lysozyme: bacteriolytic effect in mucous membranes

• Zinc and vitamin C: stabilisation of barrier functions

• Probiotics and prebiotics: Building and maintaining the microbiota

Literature references:

• Tenovuo, J. (2002). "Lactoperoxidase system in human secretions." Journal of Oral Microbiology and Immunology.

• Thomas, E. L. et al. (1994). "Antimicrobial activity of the human lactoperoxidase system." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

• EFSA (2015). "Scientific Opinion on the safety of lactoperoxidase as a food additive."