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Orthorexia – Symptoms, Causes and Health Risks

Orthorexia is an eating disorder marked by an obsession with healthy eating. Learn about its symptoms, causes and health consequences.

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Things worth knowing about "Orthorexia"

Orthorexie nervosa beschreibt ein gestörtes Essverhalten, bei dem die Betroffenen einen krankhaften Zwang entwickeln, sich „perfekt“ zu ernähren.

Bei Orthorexie steht nicht die Menge, sondern die Qualität der Nahrung im Fokus. Es geht insbesondere um den Verzicht auf vermeintlich ungesunde Bestandteile wie Zucker, Fett, Zusatzstoffe oder tierische Produkte. Die Grenze zwischen bewusster Ernährung und Zwang ist fließend.

Im Alltag äußert sich Orthorexie oft durch soziale Isolation, stark eingeschränkte Lebensmittelauswahl und ein kontrolliertes, ritualisiertes Essverhalten. Betroffene verbringen übermäßig viel Zeit mit Planung, Einkauf und Zubereitung ihrer Speisen. Werden die selbst gesetzten Regeln verletzt, treten häufig Schuldgefühle, Angst oder körperliche Abwehrreaktionen auf.

Orthorexie ist bislang nicht als eigenständige Diagnose in internationalen Klassifikationssystemen wie ICD-10 oder DSM-5 aufgeführt, wird aber zunehmend als subklinische Essstörung ernst genommen. Die gesundheitlichen Folgen können gravierend sein: MangelernährungUntergewichtMenstruationsstörungenKnochenschwäche und psychische Belastungen sind häufige Begleiterscheinungen.

Gesundheitliche Aspekte bei Orthorexie

  • Zwanghafte Fokussierung auf gesunde oder „reine“ Lebensmittel
  • Hohe soziale und psychische Belastung durch Kontrollverlust bei Regelverstößen
  • Gefahr von NährstoffmängelnUntergewicht und körperlicher Erschöpfung
  • Oft verbunden mit AngststörungenZwangssymptomen oder Perfektionismus
  • Therapeutisch relevant: Psychotherapie und Ernährungsberatung

Literaturangaben:

  • Dunn, T. M., & Bratman, S. (2016). On orthorexia nervosa: A review of the literature and proposed diagnostic criteria. Eating Behaviors.
  • Cena, H., & Calder, P. C. (2020). Orthorexia nervosa: A new eating disorder or just another form of restrictive eating?. Frontiers in Nutrition.
  • McComb, S. E., & Mills, J. S. (2019). Orthorexia nervosa: A review of psychosocial risk factors.

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Related search terms: Orthorexia-en