Potassium - functions & importance

Potassium is an essential mineral and electrolyte that is responsible for many vital functions in the body.

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Potassium is an essential mineral and electrolyte that is responsible for many vital functions in the body.

Potassium regulates fluid and electrolyte balance, supports muscle function - including the contraction of the heart muscle - and plays a crucial role in nerve conduction. Potassium also contributes to the maintenance of normal blood pressure and supports heart health.

Potassium is found in many foods, especially bananas, potatoes, avocados, spinach, pulses, dried fruits such as dates and nuts. A lack of potassium, also known as hypokalaemia, can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, tiredness, cardiac arrhythmia or cramps. This is often caused by an unbalanced diet, severe fluid loss through sweating or vomiting and the use of certain medications such as diuretics.

Excess potassium, also known as hyperkalaemia, can also cause health problems. Possible symptoms include cardiac arrhythmia, muscle twitching or signs of paralysis. Common causes of excess potassium are kidney dysfunction or excessive potassium intake through dietary supplements.

According to the German Nutrition Society (DGE), the recommended daily intake of potassium for adults is around 4,000 mg. A balanced diet with potassium-rich foods makes a significant contribution to meeting the requirement and supports general health.