Glossar: F
Do you have questions about specific symptoms or ingredients? Our glossary provides an A-to-Z guide to your health.
F
325 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryFacet joint osteoarthritis
Facet joint osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition affecting the small joints of the spine, causing back pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.
Facet syndrome
Facet syndrome is a common spinal pain condition caused by degenerative changes or irritation of the small facet joints connecting the vertebrae of the spine.
Facial Nerve Palsy
Facial nerve palsy is a paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve (facial nerve), causing weakness or complete loss of movement on one or both sides of the face.
Facies diaphragmatica pulmonis
The facies diaphragmatica pulmonis is the inferior surface of the lung that rests on the diaphragm. It has a concave shape and forms the base of each lung.
Facies lunata acetabuli
The facies lunata acetabuli is the crescent-shaped, cartilage-covered articular surface of the hip socket that articulates with the femoral head, enabling smooth and low-friction movement.
Factor 5 Leiden
Factor 5 Leiden is a genetic blood clotting disorder that increases the risk of thrombosis. It is the most common inherited cause of excessive blood clotting.
Factor 5 Leiden Mutation
The Factor 5 Leiden mutation is a genetic change that significantly increases the risk of blood clots. It is the most common inherited cause of clotting disorders in people of European descent.
Failure to Thrive
Failure to thrive describes inadequate physical growth and insufficient weight gain in infants and young children. It can have organic or non-organic causes and requires early medical evaluation.
Fall prevention
Fall prevention includes measures to reduce the risk of falls, especially in older adults. Exercise programs, home modifications, and medical reviews are key strategies.
Familial Mediterranean Fever
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a rare, hereditary autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and pain, primarily affecting people of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern descent.
Familienbett
Das Familienbett bezeichnet eine Schlafsituation, bei der Eltern und Kind oder mehrere Kinder gemeinsam in einem Bett oder direkt nebeneinander schlafen.
Family diet
Family diet refers to a balanced, age-appropriate way of eating that meets the nutritional needs of all family members, from toddlers to adults.
Famotidine
Famotidin ist ein Wirkstoff aus der Gruppe der H₂-Rezeptorantagonisten, der die Magensäureproduktion hemmt.
Farsightedness
Farsightedness (hyperopia) is a common refractive error in which nearby objects appear blurry. It is caused by a too-short eyeball or a cornea with insufficient curvature.
Fascia clavipectoralis
The fascia clavipectoralis is a strong sheet of connective tissue in the chest region that encloses and stabilizes the subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles beneath the clavicle.
Fascia Exercise
Fascia exercise is a targeted training method for mobilizing and maintaining the body connective tissue. It improves flexibility, relieves tension, and supports better posture.
Fascia regeneration
Fascia regeneration refers to the renewal and healing of the body's connective tissue (fascia). Targeted measures improve mobility and help reduce pain effectively.
Fascia Stretching
Fascia stretching refers to targeted stretching and mobilization exercises for the connective tissue (fascia). It improves flexibility, relieves tension, and supports recovery.
Fascia Therapy
Fascia therapy is a manual treatment approach targeting the connective tissue (fascia) of the body. It helps relieve pain, improve mobility, and support tissue regeneration.
Fascia Treatment
Fascia treatment is a manual therapy approach targeting the connective tissue network of the body. It helps relieve pain, release adhesions, and restore mobility.
Fascial Adhesion
Fascial adhesion refers to the sticking together of connective tissue layers, which can cause pain and restricted movement. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
Fascial Compression
Fascial compression is a manual or device-assisted therapy technique targeting the fascial connective tissue to relieve pain, reduce tension, and improve mobility.
Fascial Disorder
A fascial disorder refers to an impairment of the fascial tissue that can cause pain, restricted movement, and muscular complaints throughout the body.
Fascial mobility
Fascial mobility refers to the ability of the body's connective tissue network to move freely and smoothly. Restricted fascia can cause pain, tension, and limited movement.
Fascial myoma
A fascial myoma is a benign tumor arising from fascial connective tissue. It is a rare, typically painless growth that is usually discovered incidentally.
Fascial Pump
The fascial pump describes the mechanism by which movement promotes fluid transport within fascial tissue, thereby supporting metabolism and tissue regeneration.
Fascial Release
Fascial release refers to manual or device-assisted therapy techniques designed to loosen and mobilize the fascia – the connective tissue surrounding muscles and organs.
Fascial Sarcoma
Fascial sarcoma is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor arising from the fascia, the connective tissue sheath surrounding muscles. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment.
Fascial System
The fascial system is a network of connective tissue that surrounds and connects muscles, organs, and structures throughout the body. It plays a key role in movement, posture, and pain perception.
Fascial Tension
Fascial tension refers to increased tightness in the connective tissue (fascia), which can cause pain and restricted movement. Targeted therapies help relieve the symptoms effectively.
Fascial Therapy Protocol
A fascial therapy protocol is a structured treatment plan designed to address dysfunction, adhesions, and tension within the fascial tissue. It combines techniques such as myofascial release, stretching, and manual therapy to relieve pain and improve mobility.
Fascial Thickness Measurement
Fascial thickness measurement is a diagnostic procedure used to determine the thickness of fascia using ultrasound imaging. It provides valuable insights into connective tissue changes.
Fasciculation
Fasciculations are involuntary, visible muscle twitches caused by spontaneous electrical discharges of individual muscle fiber bundles. They can be harmless or a sign of an underlying condition.
Fasciculus cuneatus
The fasciculus cuneatus is a nerve fiber tract in the spinal cord that transmits touch, pressure, vibration, and position sense from the arms and upper trunk to the brain.
Fasciomyopathy
Fasciomyopathy is a condition in which both the fascial connective tissue and muscle tissue are affected, causing pain, restricted movement, and progressive muscle weakness.
Fasciotomy
A fasciotomy is a surgical procedure in which the fascia – the connective tissue sheath surrounding muscles – is cut to relieve dangerous pressure and restore blood flow to affected tissue.
Fastenbrechen
Fastenbrechen bezeichnet die erste Mahlzeit nach einer Phase des freiwilligen oder medizinischen Nahrungsverzichts.
Fasting Glucose
Fasting glucose is the blood sugar level measured after at least 8 hours without food intake. It is a key test for diagnosing diabetes mellitus and prediabetes.
Fasting Mimicking
Fasting mimicking is a dietary strategy that replicates the effects of fasting without requiring complete food abstinence. It may positively influence metabolism and cellular regeneration.
Fasting Mimicking Diet
The fasting mimicking diet is a low-calorie dietary approach that triggers the biological benefits of fasting without requiring complete abstinence from food.
Fasting Protocol
A fasting protocol is a structured plan that defines when and how long a person fasts. It is used for weight loss, metabolic optimization, and overall health improvement.
Fasting Reaction
A fasting reaction refers to physical and mental discomfort that commonly occurs at the start of a fasting period. Typical symptoms include headaches, fatigue, and irritability.
Fasting Test
A fasting test is a medical diagnostic procedure in which the patient abstains from food and drinks for a defined period to measure metabolic responses and detect disorders such as hypoglycemia.
Fat Burning
Fat burning refers to the metabolic process by which the body uses stored fat as an energy source. It is influenced by exercise, diet, and hormones.
Fat Dissolving Injection
Die Fett-weg-Spritze (medizinisch: Injektionslipolyse) ist ein minimalinvasives Verfahren zur Reduktion lokaler Fettdepots.
Fat Emulsification
Fat emulsification is the biochemical process by which dietary fats are broken down into tiny droplets in the digestive tract, enabling efficient digestion and absorption.
Fat Emulsifying Enzyme
A fat emulsifying enzyme is an enzyme that breaks dietary fats into tiny droplets in the digestive tract, making them easier to digest and absorb. Key examples include lipase and bile salts.
Fat Malabsorption
Fat malabsorption is a condition in which the small intestine cannot properly absorb dietary fats. It can cause fatty stools, weight loss, and deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins.
Fat metabolism
Fat metabolism refers to the processing, storage and utilisation of fats (lipids) in the body.
Fat Mobilization
Fat mobilization is the process by which stored body fat is released from adipose tissue and used as an energy source by the body.
Fat Storage
Fat storage is the process by which the body deposits excess energy as fat in adipose cells. It is a natural mechanism that can lead to overweight when calorie intake consistently exceeds energy expenditure.
Fat-Soluble
Fat-soluble describes substances that dissolve in fats and oils but not in water. The fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K.
Fatal Dose
The fatal dose is the amount of a substance sufficient to cause death in a living organism. It is a key concept in toxicology and pharmacology.
Fatigue Markers
Fatigue markers are laboratory values used to objectively measure physical or mental exhaustion. They help doctors identify the underlying causes of persistent tiredness and burnout.
Fatty Acid Absorption
Fatty acid absorption describes how the body digests, absorbs, and utilizes fatty acids from food. It is essential for energy production, cell structure, and numerous metabolic processes.
Fatty Acid Analysis
Fatty acid analysis is a diagnostic method used to measure the composition of fatty acids in blood or tissue. It provides valuable insights into dietary habits, metabolic health, and inflammatory status.
Fatty Acid Balance
Fatty acid balance refers to the optimal ratio of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats in the diet – essential for heart health and the regulation of inflammation.
Fatty acid balance marker
Fatty acid balance markers are diagnostic values that measure the ratio of different fatty acids in the blood, providing insights into nutrition and metabolic health.
Fatty acid balance therapy
Fatty acid balance therapy optimizes the ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the body, supporting inflammation regulation and overall health.
Fatty acid binding markers
Fatty acid binding markers are diagnostic biomarkers released upon tissue damage, indicating injury to organs such as the heart, liver, or intestines.
Fatty Acid Binding Protein
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are small intracellular proteins that transport long-chain fatty acids and play a central role in cellular metabolism and lipid homeostasis.
Fatty Acid Chain
A fatty acid chain is the carbon backbone of a fatty acid molecule. Its length and degree of saturation determine the properties and health effects of the fatty acid.
Fatty Acid Complex Formation
Fatty acid complex formation describes the binding of fatty acids to proteins, minerals, or other molecules. This biochemical process is essential for the transport, metabolism, and bioavailability of fatty acids in the human body.
Fatty Acid Complexes
Fatty acid complexes are compounds formed by multiple fatty acids that perform essential functions in the body, including cell structure maintenance, energy metabolism, and absorption of fat-soluble nutrients.
Fatty Acid Desaturase
A fatty acid desaturase is an enzyme that introduces double bonds into fatty acid chains, converting saturated into unsaturated fatty acids. It plays a key role in lipid metabolism and the biosynthesis of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Fatty Acid Esters
Fatty acid esters are chemical compounds formed from fatty acids and alcohols. They occur naturally in fats and oils and are widely used in food, cosmetics, and medicine.
Fatty acid kinase analysis
Fatty acid kinase analysis is a diagnostic method that measures the activity of fatty acid kinases in blood or tissue samples. It provides key insights into lipid metabolism and associated metabolic disorders.
Fatty Acid Kinetics
Fatty acid kinetics describes how fatty acids are absorbed, transported, metabolized, and excreted in the human body. It is central to understanding lipid metabolism.
Fatty Acid Kinetics Analysis
Fatty acid kinetics analysis examines how fatty acids are absorbed, transported, converted, and broken down in the human body. It provides key insights for metabolic diagnostics and nutritional medicine.
Fatty Acid Kinetics Markers
Fatty acid kinetics markers are biochemical parameters that describe the metabolism and turnover of fatty acids in the body. They are used in diagnostics and metabolic research.
Fatty Acid Metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism includes all biochemical processes by which the body synthesizes, stores, transports, and breaks down fatty acids. It is essential for energy production and cell function.
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are chemical compounds formed by esterifying fatty acids with methanol. They are widely used in food analysis, pharmacology, and as biodiesel fuel.
Fatty Acid Oxidation
Fatty acid oxidation is a key metabolic process in which fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondria to produce energy in the form of ATP.
Fatty Acid Oxidation Markers
Fatty acid oxidation markers are biochemical indicators that reflect how efficiently the body breaks down fatty acids for energy. They are essential tools for diagnosing and monitoring metabolic disorders.
Fatty Acid Profile
The fatty acid profile describes the composition of various fatty acids in blood, tissue, or food. It is used to assess nutritional status and metabolic health.
Fatty acid receptor
Fatty acid receptors are cell receptors that detect free fatty acids and regulate key metabolic and immune processes throughout the body.
Fatty acid receptor analysis
Fatty acid receptor analysis is a diagnostic and research method that examines receptors binding free fatty acids to regulate metabolism, insulin secretion, and inflammation.
Fatty Acid Receptor Kinase
The fatty acid receptor kinase is an enzyme that recognizes fatty acid molecules and regulates cellular signaling pathways. It plays a key role in metabolism and inflammatory processes.
Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway
The fatty acid synthesis pathway is the biochemical process by which the body builds new fatty acids from acetyl-CoA. It plays a central role in metabolism and energy storage.
Fatty Acid Uptake Rate
The fatty acid uptake rate describes how quickly and to what extent fatty acids are absorbed by the body. It is a key parameter in metabolic research and nutritional science.
Fatty Acids
Fatty acids are the basic building blocks of fats and play a central role in energy metabolism and the formation of cell membranes.
Fatty liver
Fatty liver is a disease in which excess fat accumulates in the liver cells. This accumulation can impair the normal function of the liver and lead to serious liver disease in the long term.
FDH (Fachverband Deutscher Heilpraktiker e.V.)
Der FDH (Fachverband Deutscher Heilpraktiker e.V.) ist ein berufsständischer Verband, der die Interessen von Heilpraktikern in Deutschland vertritt.
Febrile Abortion
A febrile abortion is a miscarriage accompanied by fever and signs of infection. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.
Febrile Seizure
A febrile seizure is a convulsion in young children triggered by a rapid rise in body temperature. It is usually harmless but should always be evaluated by a doctor.
Fecal Incontinence
Fecal incontinence is the involuntary loss of stool or bowel gas. It affects people of all ages and is often treatable with the right medical care.
Fecal Transplantation
Fecal transplantation transfers stool from a healthy donor into a patient´s gut to restore the intestinal microbiome and treat conditions such as recurrent C. difficile infections.
Fedratinib
Fedratinib is a targeted medication used to treat myelofibrosis, a rare bone marrow disorder. It selectively inhibits the enzyme JAK2, reducing spleen enlargement and relieving disease-related symptoms.
Feeding Artery
A feeding artery is an abnormally dilated and tortuous artery, commonly associated with arteriovenous malformations, that carries increased blood flow to an abnormal vascular lesion.
Fehling Reagent
Fehling reagent is a chemical test solution used in analytical chemistry to detect reducing sugars and aldehydes. It consists of two separate solutions that are mixed together before use.
Feigwarzen
Feigwarzen sind gutartige, durch humane Papillomviren verursachte Haut- und Schleimhautwucherungen im Genital- und Analbereich.
Femoral Artery Reconstruction
Femoral artery reconstruction is a vascular surgical procedure to restore blood flow in the thigh artery when it is narrowed or blocked, preventing limb-threatening complications.
Femoral Hernia
A femoral hernia is a type of hernia in which abdominal tissue protrudes through the femoral canal, below the inguinal ligament. It occurs more often in women.
Femoral Neck Fracture
A femoral neck fracture is a break in the femoral neck, the bone connecting the shaft of the thigh bone to the hip joint. It is most common in older adults following a fall.
Femoral Nerve
The femoral nerve is the largest nerve of the lumbar plexus, providing motor and sensory supply to the front of the thigh and the medial lower leg.
Femoroacetabular
Femoroacetabular refers to the anatomical relationship between the femur (thigh bone) and the acetabulum (hip socket), which together form the hip joint.
Fermentation
Fermentation ist ein biochemischer Prozess, bei dem Mikroben wie Bakterien, Hefen oder Schimmelpilze organische Substanzen abbauen und dabei Energie in Form von Alkohol, Gas oder Säuren produzieren.
Fermentation Product
A fermentation product is a substance created through microbial conversion of organic compounds. It is widely used in food production, medicine, and pharmaceutical industries.
Fermentation Therapy
Fermentation therapy uses fermented foods and probiotics to support gut health and the immune system. It is considered a natural, evidence-based therapeutic approach.
Ferritin Analysis
A ferritin analysis is a blood test that measures the level of ferritin, a protein that reflects the body's iron stores. It is used to diagnose iron deficiency or iron overload.
Ferritin Deficiency
Ferritin deficiency refers to abnormally low ferritin levels in the blood, indicating depleted iron stores. Common symptoms include fatigue, hair loss, and difficulty concentrating.
Ferritin Kinetics
Ferritin kinetics describes how ferritin levels in the blood change over time, for example during iron deficiency treatment or in the context of inflammatory processes.
Ferritin kinetics analysis
Ferritin kinetics analysis is a diagnostic method that monitors changes in blood ferritin levels over time. It helps detect iron storage disorders, inflammatory conditions, and serious diseases early.
Ferritin Levels
Ferritin levels indicate how well the body iron stores are filled. Low or high values can point to iron deficiency, overload, or underlying medical conditions.
Ferritin Metabolism
Ferritin metabolism describes how the body produces, regulates, and breaks down the iron-storage protein ferritin. It plays a central role in iron homeostasis and ensuring adequate iron supply throughout the body.
Ferritin Regulation
Ferritin regulation controls the storage and release of iron in the body. It is essential for iron homeostasis and the prevention of iron deficiency or iron overload.
Ferritin Status
Ferritin status reflects the body´s iron stores. A low ferritin level indicates iron deficiency, while an elevated level may point to inflammation, liver disease, or iron overload conditions.
Ferritin Storage Therapy
Ferritin storage therapy is a medical treatment approach aimed at replenishing or regulating the body´s iron stores to address iron deficiency or iron overload conditions.
Ferritin Synthesis Marker
The ferritin synthesis marker is a diagnostic parameter used to assess iron storage and ferritin production in the body. It helps detect iron deficiency and iron overload at an early stage.
ferritin too low
A low ferritin level indicates depleted iron stores in the body and can cause fatigue, hair loss, and iron deficiency symptoms.
Ferritin value
The ferritin value is an important laboratory value that provides information about the iron stores in the body.
Ferrochelatase
Ferrochelatase is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the final step of heme biosynthesis. A genetic defect in this enzyme causes Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.
Ferroportin
Ferroportin is the only known iron-exporting transport protein in the human body and plays a central role in iron metabolism and systemic iron homeostasis.
Ferrous Sulfate
Eisensulfat ist eine anorganische Eisenverbindung, die häufig zur Behandlung von Eisenmangel und Eisenmangelanämie eingesetzt wird.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a serious condition caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy. It leads to lifelong physical and cognitive impairments in the affected child.
Fetal Month
A fetal month is a unit of time used in embryology to describe a 28-day period during pregnancy. It helps categorize the distinct phases of fetal development throughout gestation.
Fetal Movements
Fetal movements are the perceptible movements of the unborn baby in the womb. They are considered an important indicator of fetal well-being during pregnancy.
Fetal presentation
Fetal presentation describes the position and orientation of the unborn baby in the uterus shortly before birth. It has a major influence on the course of delivery.
Fetogenesis
Fetogenesis describes the developmental phase of the unborn child from the fetal stage to birth, beginning at week 9 of pregnancy and covering the maturation of all organs.
Fetoplacental Unit
The fetoplacental unit describes the functional collaboration between the fetus and the placenta in hormone production and nutrient supply throughout pregnancy.
Fever adults
Fever in adults refers to a body temperature above 38 °C and is often a sign of infection. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
Fever Measurement
Fever measurement determines body temperature to detect fever. It is an essential diagnostic tool in basic healthcare and can be performed at home or in clinical settings.
Fiber Supplementation
Fiber supplementation refers to the targeted intake of dietary fiber through supplements to meet daily requirements and support digestive health and overall well-being.
Fibermaxxing
Fibermaxxing steht für eine gezielte Steigerung der Ballaststoffzufuhr – z. B. durch Baobab – zur Förderung von Sättigung, Verdauung und Darmgesundheit.
Fibrillation
Fibrillation is an uncontrolled, chaotic quivering of heart muscle cells that disrupts normal heart rhythm and can lead to life-threatening cardiac emergencies.
Fibrin Degradation
Fibrin degradation, also known as fibrinolysis, is the natural process by which blood clots are dissolved in the body. It is essential for wound healing and maintaining healthy blood flow.
Fibrinogen Degradation
Fibrinogen degradation is the biochemical process by which the clotting protein fibrinogen is broken down in the blood. It plays a central role in blood coagulation and wound healing.
Fibrinogen Determination
Fibrinogen determination is a laboratory test that measures the level of fibrinogen in the blood, used to diagnose clotting disorders and assess the risk of thrombosis and cardiovascular events.
Fibrinolytic
Fibrinolytic refers to the ability to dissolve blood clots. Fibrinolytic agents are used in medicine to treat serious conditions such as stroke, heart attack, and pulmonary embolism.
Fibroblast Activation
Fibroblast activation is the process by which dormant connective tissue cells become active, driving tissue repair and scar formation. It plays a key role in wound healing and fibrosis.
Fibroblasten
Fibroblasten sind Bindegewebszellen, die für die Kollagenproduktion, Wundheilung und Gewebereparatur verantwortlich sind. Erfahre mehr über ihre Funktionen und ihre Rolle in Medizin und Forschung.
Fibrocartilage
Fibrocartilage is a tough, resilient cartilage tissue capable of withstanding both compressive and tensile forces. It is found in structures such as intervertebral discs and menisci.
Fibromatosis
Fibromatosis refers to a group of benign but locally aggressive connective tissue disorders characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of fibroblasts. It can affect various regions of the body.
Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder characterised by widespread muscle and joint pain, exhaustion (fatigue) and increased sensitivity to pain.
Fibrous Dysplasia
Fibrous dysplasia is a rare bone disorder in which normal bone tissue is replaced by fibrous connective tissue. It can affect one or multiple bones and may cause pain, deformity, and fractures.
Fifth Disease in Adults
Fifth disease in adults is a viral infection caused by Parvovirus B19. In adults, it often presents with joint pain and swelling rather than the classic facial rash seen in children.
Fine Motor Skills
Fine motor skills refer to the ability to make small, precise movements using the hands, fingers, and eyes. They are essential for everyday tasks such as writing, grasping, and drawing.
Fine needle aspiration
Fine needle aspiration is a minimally invasive diagnostic procedure in which a thin needle is used to collect cells or fluid from a tissue for laboratory analysis.
Fine Needle Biopsy
A fine needle biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure used to collect cells or tissue with a thin needle. It helps diagnose tumors, cysts, and other tissue abnormalities.
Fine Particulate Matter Lung Reaction
The fine particulate matter lung reaction describes how the lungs respond to inhaled fine dust particles. It can cause inflammation, respiratory diseases, and long-term lung damage.
Finger Agnosia
Finger agnosia is the inability to recognize, name, or identify ones own fingers or those of others, despite normal vision and motor function.
Finger Dislocation
A finger dislocation occurs when the bones of a finger joint are forced out of their normal position. It is a common injury caused by falls, sports accidents, or direct trauma.
Finger food for babies
Finger food for babies refers to small, graspable foods that infants can pick up and eat on their own from around 8 months. It supports motor development and encourages independent eating.
Finger Joint Capsule Tear
A finger joint capsule tear is a common injury to the joint capsule, usually caused by jamming or twisting. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.
finger joint pain
Finger joint pain is a common complaint that can indicate conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or gout. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preserving hand function.
Finger osteoarthritis
Finger osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease in which the cartilage in the finger joints gradually breaks down, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.
Finger-Finger Percussion
Finger-finger percussion is a clinical examination technique in which one finger is tapped onto a finger placed on the body surface to assess underlying organs and tissues by the resulting percussion sound.
Fingernail Test
The fingernail test is a simple method used to assess the freshness of vegetables like asparagus, and also serves as a clinical screening tool for evaluating nail health and systemic conditions.
Fingertip Necrosis
Fingertip necrosis is the death of tissue at the tips of the fingers, most commonly caused by impaired blood circulation. It frequently occurs in conditions such as scleroderma or Raynaud syndrome.
Fingertip-to-Floor Distance
The fingertip-to-floor distance (FFD) measures spinal and hip mobility. It indicates how far the fingertips remain from the floor when bending forward with knees straight.
First Aid and Initial Medical Care
Initial medical care refers to all immediate measures taken after an accident or medical emergency to stabilize the patient and preserve vital functions.
First stage of labour
The first stage of labour is the opening phase of childbirth during which regular contractions cause the cervix to dilate fully to 10 cm. It is the longest phase of labour.
First-Degree AV Block
First-degree AV block is a mild cardiac conduction disorder in which the electrical signal from the atria to the ventricles is slowed. It is usually detected on an ECG and is often harmless.
Fisher Syndrome
Fisher syndrome is a rare neurological condition characterised by eye muscle paralysis, coordination problems, and absent tendon reflexes.
Fissure sealant
A fissure sealant is a preventive dental treatment in which the grooves of the back teeth are coated with a plastic material to protect against tooth decay.
Flaviviren
Flaviviren sind RNA-Viren, die über Mücken oder Zecken übertragen werden und Tropenkrankheiten wie Dengue, Zika, FSME oder Gelbfieber auslösen. Erfahre mehr über Übertragung, Prävention und wichtige Vertreter.
Flavonoids
Flavonoids are a large group of secondary plant substances found in many types of fruit and vegetables, herbs, tea, red wine and dark chocolate.
Flavor enhancers
Geschmacksverstärker sind Stoffe, die den vorhandenen Eigengeschmack von Lebensmitteln intensivieren, ohne selbst einen ausgeprägten Eigengeschmack zu besitzen
Flavouring Substance
Flavouring substances are compounds added to foods and beverages to impart or enhance taste and aroma. They may be natural, nature-identical, or artificially produced.
Flaxseed Oil
Leinöl, gewonnen aus den Samen der Leinpflanze (Linum usitatissimum), zählt zu den hochwertigsten pflanzlichen Ölen überhaupt.
Fleischner Criteria
The Fleischner Criteria are internationally recognized guidelines for the evaluation and follow-up of incidentally detected pulmonary nodules on CT scans, helping physicians assess cancer risk.
Flexibility
Flexibility refers to the ability of the body to move joints and muscles through their full range of motion. It is a key component of physical health and overall fitness.
Flexion Fracture
A flexion fracture is a bone break caused by excessive bending force. It commonly affects the spine and frequently occurs as a result of accidents or falls.
Flibanserin
Flibanserin is a prescription medication approved for treating hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women. It acts on brain neurotransmitters and was the first drug of its kind to receive FDA approval.
Flu Symptoms
Die Grippe (Influenza) ist eine akute Virusinfektion der Atemwege, die sich deutlich von einer Erkältung unterscheidet.
Flu Vaccination
The flu vaccination protects against seasonal influenza. It is recommended annually and is especially important for high-risk groups.
Fluid Balance
Fluid balance describes the relationship between fluid intake and fluid output in the body. It is a key parameter in medical monitoring and patient care.
Fluid Balance Disorder
A fluid balance disorder is an imbalance in the body´s water regulation. It can result in dehydration or fluid overload and always requires medical evaluation and treatment.
Fluid Balance Monitoring
Fluid balance monitoring tracks the total fluid intake and output of a patient. It is a key nursing and medical tool used to detect and manage fluid imbalances in clinical care.
Fluid Deficit
A fluid deficit occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. It can lead to dehydration and serious health complications if left untreated.
Fluid Intake
Fluid intake refers to the daily consumption of water and beverages essential for all bodily functions. Staying well hydrated protects against dehydration and supports overall health.
Fluid Management
Fluid management refers to the controlled monitoring and regulation of a patient´s fluid balance in clinical settings. It is essential in intensive care, surgery, and the treatment of chronic diseases.
Fluid Replacement
Fluid replacement refers to the targeted administration of fluids to compensate for fluid losses in the body and restore the balance of the water balance.
Fluid Retention
Fluid retention refers to the abnormal accumulation of fluid in body tissues or cavities. It often presents as swelling and may indicate an underlying medical condition.
Fluoride prophylaxis
Fluoride prophylaxis refers to measures that use fluoride compounds to prevent tooth decay. It is recommended for children and adults alike.
Fluoxetine
Fluoxetine is a prescription antidepressant belonging to the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and other mental health conditions.
Flying fox
Flying foxes are large, fruit-eating bats of the family Pteropodidae. They are known natural reservoir hosts for dangerous viruses such as Ebola, Nipah, and Marburg.
Foam Roller
Eine Massagerolle, auch bekannt als Faszienrolle oder Foam Roller, ist ein vielseitiges Selbstmassagegerät zur Lockerung der Muskulatur und des Bindegewebes (Faszien).
Folate (vitamin B9)
An essential vitamin that is involved in DNA synthesis and cell division. It supports brain function and the formation of red blood cells.
Folate kinetics
Folate kinetics describes how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolises, and excretes folic acid (vitamin B9), which is essential for DNA synthesis and cell division.
Folate Status
Folate status describes how well the body is supplied with folic acid (vitamin B9). It is determined through blood tests and is especially important during pregnancy.
Folic Acid
Folic acid is an essential B vitamin required for cell division and blood formation. Adequate intake is especially critical during pregnancy to prevent birth defects.
Folic acid (vitamin B9)
Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble vitamin that is important for cell division, DNA synthesis and haematopoiesis.
Folic acid deficiency
Folsäuremangel bezeichnet einen Zustand, bei dem dem Körper nicht ausreichend Folat für normale Zellteilung und Blutbildung zur Verfügung steht.
Folic Acid Deficiency Anaemia
Folic acid deficiency anaemia is a type of blood disorder caused by insufficient folate (vitamin B9), impairing the production of healthy red blood cells.
Folic Acid Supplementation
Folic acid supplementation refers to the targeted intake of folic acid through dietary supplements. It is especially essential during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in the unborn child.
Follicle Maturation
Follicle maturation is the process by which egg-containing sacs in the ovaries develop and grow. It is a key part of the female cycle and essential for ovulation.
Follicle Stimulation
Follicle stimulation is a medical procedure used to encourage the growth of multiple egg-containing follicles in the ovaries, most commonly as part of assisted reproductive treatments.
Follicle Stimulation Protocol
A follicle stimulation protocol is a medical treatment plan used in assisted reproduction to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs for IVF or ICSI procedures.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a naturally occurring hormone that plays a key role in regulating reproductive function in both men and women.
Follicular cyst
A follicular cyst is a common, benign ovarian cyst that forms when a follicle fails to rupture during the menstrual cycle. It usually resolves on its own.
Follicular Phase
The follicular phase is the first stage of the female menstrual cycle, during which egg follicles mature and estrogen levels rise. It typically lasts 10 to 14 days.
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
Follicular thyroid carcinoma is a malignant tumor of the thyroid gland and one of the differentiated thyroid cancers. It is generally well treatable and carries a favorable prognosis in most cases.
Follow-on formula
Follow-on formula is a specially designed infant food for babies from 6 months of age, used alongside solid foods. It provides key nutrients to support healthy growth and development.
Follow-On Milk
Follow-on milk is a specially formulated infant food for babies from 6 months of age, used alongside solid foods. It is based on cow's milk and tailored to the nutritional needs of older infants.
Fontanelle
The fontanelle is a soft, not yet ossified spot on the skull of newborns and infants. It allows for childbirth and supports brain growth during early development.
Food Allergy Test
A food allergy test helps identify allergic reactions and sensitivities to specific foods. It is used by doctors to provide targeted dietary recommendations and treatment plans.
Food craving
A food craving is a sudden, intense desire to eat specific foods, often high in sugar or fat. It can be triggered by blood sugar fluctuations, stress, or sleep deprivation.
Food Intolerance Test
A food intolerance test determines whether the body has difficulty digesting certain foods. It helps identify intolerances early and supports targeted dietary management.
Food Intolerances
Nahrungsmittelunverträglichkeiten sind nicht-immunologische Reaktionen des Körpers auf bestimmte Bestandteile von Lebensmitteln.
Food Poisoning
Eine Lebensmittelvergiftung ist eine akute Erkrankung, die durch den Verzehr von kontaminierten Lebensmitteln oder Getränken ausgelöst wird.
Food Tracking
Food tracking is the systematic recording of meals and nutrients consumed daily. It supports mindful eating and helps achieve goals such as weight management and improved health.
Foods containing iron
Which foods contain iron? Discover the best foods with iron - sorted by group & alphabetically. Ideal for meeting your iron requirements naturally with any type of diet.
Foods High in Potassium
Foods high in potassium provide an essential mineral that supports muscle function, nerve signaling, and blood pressure regulation. Discover the best dietary sources of potassium.
Foot sole pain
Foot sole pain is a common complaint with many possible causes. Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for pain in the sole of the foot.
Foot Zone Reflex Massage
Foot zone reflex massage is a manual therapy technique that applies targeted pressure to specific reflex zones on the feet to promote overall well-being and relieve various complaints.
Foramen costotransversarium
The foramen costotransversarium is an anatomical opening between the neck of a rib and the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra, allowing passage of ligaments and nerves in the thoracic spine region.
Foramen scapulae
The foramen scapulae is a bony opening on the superior border of the scapula through which the suprascapular nerve passes. It is clinically relevant in shoulder nerve entrapment syndromes.
Foraminotomy
Foraminotomy is a neurosurgical procedure to widen the intervertebral foramen, relieving pressure on compressed nerve roots to reduce pain and neurological symptoms.
Forbidden foods list for gout
People with gout must avoid purine-rich foods that raise uric acid levels. A targeted diet helps prevent painful gout attacks and long-term joint damage.
Forehead Headache
Stirnkopfschmerzen sind Schmerzen, die überwiegend im Bereich der Stirn, über den Augen oder an den Schläfen auftreten.
Foreign Body
A foreign body is any object or substance that enters the body unintentionally. Depending on its location and nature, it may require medical treatment.
Foreign Body Aspiration
Foreign body aspiration occurs when an object is accidentally inhaled into the airways. It is most common in young children and requires prompt action to prevent serious complications.
Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is a chemical compound found in medicine, industry, and everyday environments. It is considered a health hazard, capable of irritating the skin, airways, and eyes, and is classified as a human carcinogen.
Formic acid
Formic acid (methanoic acid) is the simplest carboxylic acid, found naturally in ants, nettles, and fruit. It is used in medicine, the food industry, and agriculture.
Fosfomycin
Fosfomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic primarily used to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis and is effective against many gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.
Fossa hyaloidea
The fossa hyaloidea is a shallow, cup-shaped depression on the front surface of the vitreous body of the eye, in which the crystalline lens rests.
Fossa inguinalis medialis
The fossa inguinalis medialis is an anatomical depression on the inner abdominal wall in the groin region. It is clinically significant as the exit point of direct inguinal hernias.
Fossa tonsillaris
The fossa tonsillaris is an anatomical recess in the throat that houses the palatine tonsil (tonsilla palatina). It is situated between the two palatine arches.
Fostemsavir
Fostemsavir is an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV-1 in heavily treatment-experienced adults when other therapies have failed.
Fox tapeworm
The fox tapeworm (Echinococcus multilocularis) is a parasitic worm that can cause a severe liver disease in humans. Early diagnosis is essential for effective treatment.
Fractional Milk Product (FMP)
Fractional Milk Product (FMP) refers to products manufactured by the fractionation of milk in which the various components of milk (such as fat, proteins and lactose) are separated and isolated.
Fracture Signs
Fracture signs are clinical and imaging indicators of a broken bone. They help physicians quickly and reliably diagnose a fracture and initiate appropriate treatment.
Fracture Treatment
Fracture treatment covers all medical measures used to manage a broken bone. The goal is to restore bone structure, relieve pain, and recover full function.
Fracture-Dislocation
A fracture-dislocation is a combined injury involving both a broken bone and a dislocated joint. It typically results from severe trauma and requires prompt medical treatment.
Fragility fracture
A fragility fracture is a bone break caused by minimal force or impact – typically a sign of reduced bone density, most commonly associated with osteoporosis.
Frankincense
Frankincense is a plant resin derived from Boswellia trees, known for its anti-inflammatory properties. It is used in both traditional and modern medicine for joint conditions and inflammatory diseases.
Frankincense Extract
Frankincense extract is derived from the resin of the Boswellia tree and contains anti-inflammatory boswellic acids. It is used in traditional and modern medicine for joint conditions and inflammatory diseases.
FRAX Score
The FRAX Score is a WHO-developed tool for estimating the 10-year fracture risk in patients with osteoporosis. It supports clinical treatment decisions.
Free Association
Free association is a core psychoanalytic technique in which patients freely express all thoughts without censorship, helping to uncover unconscious mental content.
Free calorie calculator
A free calorie calculator helps you determine your daily calorie needs and keep track of the energy you consume through food and meals.
Free Radical Scavengers
Free radical scavengers are substances that neutralize harmful free radicals in the body, protecting cells from oxidative stress. They play a key role in preventing chronic diseases.
Free radicals
Free radicals are highly reactive oxygen compounds that are produced in the body as a by-product of metabolic processes - especially in the mitochondria, the ""power stations"" of the cells.
Freeze-Etching Technique
Freeze-etching is an electron microscopy preparation technique used to visualize cell membrane structures. Biological samples are rapidly frozen, fractured, and etched to reveal surface details.
Fremanezumab
Fremanezumab is a monoclonal antibody used for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults. It targets calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks.
Frequency therapy
Frequency therapy uses targeted vibrations to support the body's own regeneration.
Frequent Urination
Frequent urination describes the need to urinate more often than usual, often in small amounts. It can be caused by infections, bladder disorders, or other medical conditions.
Friedreich Ataxia
Friedreich ataxia is a rare, inherited neurological disorder causing progressive loss of coordination, balance, and muscle control.
Fritsch Position
The Fritsch position is a gynecological patient positioning technique used during pelvic and abdominal surgical procedures, allowing optimal surgical access to the pelvic region.
Frontal Sinusitis
Eine Stirnhöhlenentzündung (Frontalsinusitis) ist eine Form der Nasennebenhöhlenentzündung, bei der die Stirnhöhlen oberhalb der Augen betroffen sind.
Frontal Sinusitis Symptoms
Frontal sinusitis causes symptoms such as forehead pain, pressure behind the eyes, and nasal congestion. Learn about causes, diagnosis, and when to see a doctor.
Frontal Skull Base
The frontal skull base is the anterior part of the cranial base, connecting the frontal sinus, orbit, and anterior cranial fossa. Injuries can be life-threatening.
Frontoethmoidal
Frontoethmoidal refers to the anatomical region connecting the frontal bone and the ethmoid bone. This area is clinically relevant in sinus disease, skull base surgery, and congenital conditions such as frontoethmoidal encephalocele.
Frown Line
Die Zornesfalte bezeichnet eine oder mehrere vertikale Falten zwischen den Augenbrauen im Bereich der sogenannten Glabella.
Frozen shoulder
Frozen shoulder is a painful condition causing stiffness and limited movement in the shoulder joint. It results from inflammation and scarring of the joint capsule and can last for months to years.
Fructooligosaccharides
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are natural dietary fibers that act as prebiotics, promoting gut health. They occur in many foods and support the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria.
Fructose Intolerance
Fructose intolerance is the inability of the body to properly absorb or metabolize fructose (fruit sugar), leading to digestive symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
Fructose Malabsorption
Fructose malabsorption is a digestive disorder in which the small intestine cannot fully absorb fructose, leading to symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
Fruit Acid
Fruit acids are naturally occurring organic acids found in fruits and foods. They act as preservatives, flavoring agents, and are used in medicine and cosmetics.
Fruit and Grain Porridge
Fruit and grain porridge is a nutrient-rich complementary food for infants that combines fruit and cereal to support healthy development in the first year of life.
FSME risk area
A TBE risk area is a region with an elevated risk of tick-borne encephalitis virus transmission. The RKI updates the list of risk areas annually based on reported cases.
FTA-ABS Test
The FTA-ABS test is a highly specific blood test used to confirm a syphilis infection by detecting antibodies against the bacterium Treponema pallidum.
Fucoxanthin
Fucoxanthin is a natural carotenoid pigment found in brown seaweeds with antioxidant properties and promising effects on metabolism and weight management.
Fugu Poisoning
Fugu poisoning is caused by consuming pufferfish containing tetrodotoxin, a potent neurotoxin. It can lead to life-threatening paralysis and respiratory failure.
Full Body Diagnostics
Full body diagnostics is a comprehensive medical examination of the entire body designed for early disease detection. It combines imaging, laboratory, and clinical assessment methods.
Full spectrum extraction
Full spectrum extraction preserves the natural active ingredient profile of plants. Find out more about the process, benefits and applications in naturopathy and supplements.
Functional
In medicine, functional describes symptoms or disorders that occur without a detectable organic cause. The function of an organ is impaired, but no structural damage can be found.
Functional Deficiency
A functional deficiency occurs when a nutrient is present in the body in sufficient amounts but cannot be properly used. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
Functional Diagnostics
Functional diagnostics refers to medical procedures that measure the performance of organs and body systems. It complements structural findings and helps detect diseases at an early stage.
Functional diagnostics
Functional diagnostics refers to medical examination methods that assess the performance and function of organs and body systems, enabling early detection of disease.
Functional Dyspepsia
Reizmagen (medizinisch: funktionelle Dyspepsie) bezeichnet wiederkehrende Magenbeschwerden ohne organisch nachweisbare Ursache.
Functional Group
A functional group is a specific atom or group of atoms within a molecule that determines its chemical properties and reactivity.
Functional ingredients
Functional ingredients such as lactoferrin, colostrum and FMP have a targeted effect against inflammation, infections and imbalances. Find out how bioactive proteins can boost your health.
Functional Nutrients
Functional nutrients are dietary components that go beyond basic nutrition to exert targeted positive effects on health, well-being, and the prevention of disease.
Functional Test
A functional test is a medical diagnostic procedure that evaluates the performance of an organ or organ system. It helps detect and assess diseases at an early stage.
Fundal height
Fundal height refers to the position of the upper edge of the uterus during pregnancy. It is a key measurement used to monitor fetal growth and uterine development.
Fundoplication
Fundoplication is a surgical procedure used to treat chronic heartburn and acid reflux disease. The upper part of the stomach is wrapped around the lower esophagus to prevent stomach acid from flowing back up.
Funktionsproteine
Funktionsproteine steuern zentrale Prozesse wie Stoffwechsel und Immunabwehr.
Furosemide
Furosemide is a potent loop diuretic used to treat fluid retention and high blood pressure. It increases urine output, relieving strain on the heart and circulatory system.
Fusion protein
Fusion proteins combine two functional proteins in one molecule and are used in cancer therapy, immunomodulation and diagnostics. Find out more about the structure, benefits and clinical applications.
Die neusten Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categorySpecial nutrition
Special nutrition refers to medically adapted food products designed for individuals with specific dietary needs, such as allergies, metabolic disorders, or clinical malnutrition.
Infantile colic
Infantile colic refers to episodes of intense, unexplained crying in otherwise healthy babies during the first months of life. It is harmless but can be very stressful for parents.
Antenatal midwife
An antenatal midwife supports pregnant women medically and with guidance throughout pregnancy, birth, and the postnatal period, promoting the health and safety of mother and child.
Die meistgelesenen Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryMagnesiumcarbonat
Magnesiumcarbonat ist eine anorganische Magnesiumverbindung mit säure-neutralisierender (antazidischer) Wirkung. Erfahre mehr über Vorteile, Einsatzgebiete und Unterschiede zu besser resorbierbaren Magnesiumformen.
Calorie content
The choice of food influences our energy intake. The calorie content varies greatly - some provide little energy, others a lot.
Cologne list
The Cologne List ® is an important initiative in competitive sports that offers athletes guidance in the selection of nutritional supplements.