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Fusion protein - biotechnological active principle in therapy and diagnostics
Fusion proteins combine two functional proteins in one molecule and are used in cancer therapy, immunomodulation and diagnostics. Find out more about the structure, benefits and clinical applications.
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Fusion proteins combine two functional proteins in one molecule and are used in cancer therapy, immunomodulation and diagnostics. Find out more about the structure, benefits and clinical applications.
fusion protein is an artificially produced protein molecule that consists of two or more genetically linked protein components that consists of two or more genetically linked protein components. These proteins usually retain their individual functions, but complement each other to form a new biological mechanism of action that can be used therapeutically or diagnostically. Fusion proteins are created using recombinant DNA technology and are used in biomedicine, oncology, immunotherapy, vaccine development and cell research.
.fusion of two gene sequences, each of which codes for functional proteins or peptide fragments. These are introduced into suitable expression systems (e.g. bacteria, yeasts or mammalian cells) and expressed. The resulting proteins are often connected to linkers, which ensure structural flexibility between the protein domains.
1. Cancer therapy:
A well-known example is the fusion protein tTF-NGR, which is used in the TRABTRAP study. It consists of:
- tTF (truncated tissue factor): activates blood clotting
- NGR peptide: binds specifically to CD13 on tumour-associated vessels
→ Goal: close tumour vasculature and starve cancer cells
→ Goal: close tumour vasculature and starve cancer cells
2. immunomodulation & autoimmune diseases:
- Etanercept (Enbrel®): fusion protein from TNF receptor and Fc part of IgG1
→ Inhibits tumour necrosis factor-α in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis
3rd vaccine development & diagnostics:
- fusion proteins with fluorescent markers or carrier proteins, e.g. in COVID-19 research
- increase the immune response
4. gene therapy & cell biology:
- visualisation of protein transport and cell compartmentation
Literature references:
- Journal of Immunology.
- ""tTF-NGR - A targeted fusion protein in vascular tumour therapy."" Clinical Cancer Research.
- Biotechnology Journal.
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