Glossar: D
Do you have questions about specific symptoms or ingredients? Our glossary provides an A-to-Z guide to your health.
D
363 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryD51.3 – Other dietary vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia
D51.3 is an ICD-10 code for dietary vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia, often seen in vegans. Symptoms include fatigue, pallor, and neurological issues.
DAAO (Deutsch-Amerikanische Akademie für Osteopathie e.V.)
Die DAAO (Deutsch-Amerikanische Akademie für Osteopathie e.V.) ist eine ärztlich ausgerichtete Fachgesellschaft für Ausbildung, Weiterbildung und Austausch im Bereich der osteopathischen Medizin.
Dabigatran
Dabigatran is an oral anticoagulant (blood thinner) belonging to the class of direct thrombin inhibitors. It is used to prevent strokes and blood clots in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Dactylitis
Dactylitis is an inflammation of an entire finger or toe, causing painful sausage-like swelling. It commonly occurs in rheumatic diseases or infections.
Daily Blood Pressure Profile
The daily blood pressure profile records blood pressure changes over 24 hours, helping to detect fluctuations, hypertension, and cardiovascular risks early.
Dark Cell Hyperplasia
Dark cell hyperplasia is a benign proliferation of so-called dark cells within glandular tissues, most commonly found in the salivary glands or the inner ear. It is generally considered a non-cancerous tissue change.
Dark circles
Dark circles are dark discolourations under the eyes that can be caused by various factors.
Dark Circles Under the Eyes
Dark circles under the eyes refer to dark shadows or discoloration around the eye area. Learn about causes, treatment options, and prevention.
Dark Field Blood Analysis
Dark field blood analysis is a method in which a drop of live blood is examined under a dark field microscope. It is used by alternative health practitioners but is not scientifically recognized as a diagnostic method.
Dark Field Microscopy
Dark field microscopy is a specialized light microscopy technique in which objects appear bright against a dark background due to oblique illumination. It is used in medicine to examine living microorganisms without staining.
Dark Therapy
Dark therapy is a therapeutic method in which individuals spend a defined period in complete darkness to regulate the nervous system, balance hormones, and support deep physical and mental regeneration.
Darkfield Blood Analysis
Darkfield blood analysis is a microscopic examination method in which a drop of fresh blood is observed under a darkfield microscope. It is used in alternative medicine but is not scientifically recognized as a valid diagnostic tool.
Darolutamide
Darolutamide is a medication used to treat prostate cancer. It inhibits the androgen receptor and is indicated for non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Date Sugar
Date sugar is a natural sweetener made from dried, ground dates. It retains fiber, minerals, and antioxidants, making it a nutritious alternative to refined sugar.
Date Syrup
Date syrup is a natural sweetener made from concentrated date juice. It contains minerals, fiber, and antioxidants, making it a popular alternative to refined sugar.
Dawn Phenomenon
The dawn phenomenon refers to an early morning rise in blood glucose levels in people with diabetes, triggered by hormonal activity during the early morning hours.
daylight saving time
Daylight saving time shifts clocks forward by one hour each spring. This change can disrupt sleep, the body clock, and overall health.
Daylight Saving Time Change
The time change refers to the twice-yearly shift between summer and winter time. It can disrupt the sleep-wake cycle and cause various health complaints.
DDH (Dachverband Deutscher Heilpraktikerverbände e.V.)
Der DDH (Dachverband Deutscher Heilpraktikerverbände e.V.) ist eine übergeordnete Interessenvertretung, die mehrere Heilpraktikerverbände in Deutschland bündelt.
Dead Space
Dead space refers to the part of the airways where no gas exchange takes place. It is a key concept in respiratory physiology and mechanical ventilation.
Deamination
Deamination is a biochemical process in which an amino group is removed from an organic molecule, releasing ammonia. It plays a key role in amino acid and nucleotide metabolism.
Debridement
Debridement is a medical procedure to remove dead tissue, foreign material, or wound debris, promoting wound healing and reducing infection risk.
Decarboxylase
Decarboxylases are enzymes that remove carboxyl groups from organic molecules, releasing CO2. They play a key role in metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis.
Décolleté Care
Décolleté care refers to the targeted skincare of the chest and neck area. This skin zone is particularly sensitive and requires regular moisturization and sun protection.
Decompression
Decompression in medicine refers to the targeted relief of pressure on body structures such as nerves or the spinal cord. It can be performed surgically or conservatively.
Decompressive Craniectomy
Decompressive craniectomy is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to relieve life-threatening increases in intracranial pressure.
Decortication
Decortication is a surgical procedure to remove a thickened or scarred tissue layer from the surface of the lung or other organs, restoring normal function.
Deep Brain Stimulation
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure in which electrodes are implanted into specific brain regions to deliver electrical impulses that help relieve symptoms of neurological disorders.
Deep Radiation Therapy
Deep radiation therapy is a form of radiotherapy that uses high-energy beams to treat tumors located deep within the body. It is one of the most important methods in modern cancer treatment.
Deep Sleep
Deep sleep is the most restorative phase of the sleep cycle. It supports physical recovery, strengthens the immune system, and is essential for memory and overall health.
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein of the leg. It can lead to serious complications such as pulmonary embolism if left untreated.
Defense mechanism
Defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological strategies used by the mind to protect itself from distressing thoughts, feelings, and inner conflicts.
Defense Protein
Defense proteins are proteins produced by the immune system to protect the body against pathogens and foreign substances. They include antibodies, complement proteins, and acute-phase proteins.
Defensive Enzyme
Defensive enzymes are proteins produced by the body to combat pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. They form a key part of the innate immune system and are found in blood, saliva, tears, and other body fluids.
Defiance Phase
The defiance phase is a normal developmental stage in toddlers between 1 and 4 years of age, characterized by temper tantrums and a strong sense of self-will.
Defibrillation
Defibrillation is a medical procedure in which a controlled electric shock is delivered to the heart to restore a normal heart rhythm during a life-threatening cardiac emergency.
Degeneration
Degeneration in medicine refers to the progressive deterioration or breakdown of cells, tissues, or organs. It can result from aging, disease, or environmental factors.
Degeneration Markers
Degeneration markers are biological indicators that signal the breakdown or damage of tissues and organs. They are used in diagnostics to detect degenerative diseases at an early stage.
Degeneration Therapy
Degeneration therapy refers to medical approaches aimed at slowing, halting, or reversing degenerative processes in the body. It focuses on preserving tissues, organs, and bodily functions.
Degenerative Joint
A degenerative joint refers to a condition in which joint structures such as cartilage and bone are broken down due to wear and tear. Pain and restricted movement are typical consequences.
Degradation Rate
The degradation rate describes how quickly a substance is broken down in the body. It is a key factor in determining the dosage and duration of action of medications and other substances.
Degree of Acetylation
The degree of acetylation describes how extensively a substance has been chemically acetylated. It plays a key role in metabolism, pharmacology, and epigenetics.
Degree of Cross-Linking
The degree of cross-linking describes the extent of chemical bonds between polymer chains in medical materials such as hyaluronic acid fillers, influencing their stability and longevity.
Dehiscence
Dehiscence refers to the separation or rupturing of a surgical wound or suture line. It is a potential complication following surgical procedures.
Dehydration
Dehydration is a condition in which the body loses more fluid than it takes in. Even mild dehydration can cause symptoms and, if left untreated, may become life-threatening.
Dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a natural steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, acting as a precursor to sex hormones and playing a key role in metabolism and aging.
Dehydroepiandrosterone Level
The dehydroepiandrosterone level measures the concentration of the hormone DHEA in the blood. DHEA is a key adrenal steroid hormone influencing energy, mood, and hormonal balance.
Delayed Lyme Disease Symptoms
Delayed Lyme disease symptoms occur when the infection is not treated in time and spreads throughout the body. Long-term effects can include chronic joint pain, neurological issues, and organ involvement.
Delta sleep-inducing peptide
Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) is an endogenous neuropeptide linked to sleep regulation, with neuroprotective and stress-modulating properties studied in neuroscience research.
Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid
Delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid that serves as the key precursor in heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis, with important diagnostic and therapeutic applications in medicine.
Deltamethrin
Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide widely used in pest control and public health. It acts on the nervous system of insects and is considered relatively safe for humans when used correctly.
Dementia praecox
Dementia praecox is a historical psychiatric term for a severe mental illness now known as schizophrenia, describing an early-onset cognitive and social decline.
Demineralized Whey Powder
Demineralized whey powder is a processed dairy by-product from which most mineral salts have been removed. It is primarily used in infant formula and dietetic foods.
demisexual
Demisexual describes people who only experience sexual attraction after forming a strong emotional bond with another person.
Dendritic Process
A dendritic process is a branched extension of a nerve cell that receives signals from other neurons and transmits them to the cell body.
Dengue-Fieber
Dengue-Fieber ist eine durch Viren verursachte Infektionskrankheit, die durch Stechmücken übertragen wird und mit fieberhaften Beschwerden einhergeht.
Dennie-Morgan Lines
Dennie-Morgan lines are characteristic skin folds beneath the eyes, commonly seen in atopic dermatitis and considered a clinical sign of allergic conditions.
Densitometry
Densitometry is a diagnostic imaging method used to measure bone density. It helps detect osteoporosis at an early stage and assess the risk of bone fractures.
Dental abrasion
Dental abrasion refers to the mechanical wear of tooth hard tissue caused by external forces. It can lead to tooth sensitivity and structural loss.
Dental braces
Dental braces are orthodontic devices used to correct misaligned teeth and bite problems. They are commonly used in children, teenagers, and adults.
Dental bridge
A dental bridge is a fixed prosthetic restoration that closes one or more gaps left by missing teeth. It is anchored to adjacent teeth or implants.
Dental crowding
Dental crowding occurs when there is insufficient space in the jaw for all teeth to align properly. It is one of the most common orthodontic conditions.
Dental crown
A dental crown is a tooth-shaped restoration that fully covers a damaged or treated tooth, restoring its shape, strength, and appearance. It is one of the most common procedures in restorative dentistry.
Dental erosion
Dental erosion is the chemical dissolution of tooth enamel caused by acids, without bacterial involvement. It can lead to tooth sensitivity and permanent tooth structure loss.
Dental implant
A dental implant is an artificial tooth root made of titanium, surgically placed into the jawbone to permanently replace one or more missing teeth.
Dental malocclusion
Dental malocclusion refers to the incorrect positioning of one or more teeth in the jaw. It can affect chewing, speech, and overall oral health.
Dental prophylaxis
Dental prophylaxis includes all preventive measures designed to protect against tooth decay and gum disease while maintaining long-term oral health.
Dental Prosthetics
Dental prosthetics is the branch of dentistry focused on replacing missing or damaged teeth with artificial restorations. It aims to restore chewing function, aesthetics, and quality of life.
Dentin adhesive
A dentin adhesive is a dental bonding agent that creates a strong bond between filling materials and the tooth structure. It is essential for modern dental restorations.
Dentofacial Deformity
A dentofacial deformity is a misalignment of the jaws or bite. It can affect chewing, speech, and facial appearance, and is treated with orthodontics or corrective jaw surgery.
Deoxycorticosterone
Deoxycorticosterone is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with mineralocorticoid activity. It regulates water and electrolyte balance and serves as a precursor to aldosterone.
Deoxythymidine
Deoxythymidine is a naturally occurring nucleoside and a fundamental building block of DNA. It plays a key role in cell replication and is also relevant in pharmacology.
Depigmentation
Depigmentation refers to the loss of skin pigment (melanin), resulting in lighter or white patches on the skin. It can have many different causes.
Depressed fracture
A depressed fracture is a type of bone fracture where bone fragments are pushed inward. It most commonly affects the skull and often requires prompt medical attention.
Depression
Depression is a widespread but often misunderstood mental illness that is characterised not only by persistent depression, but also by a variety of physical and emotional symptoms.
Depression Symptoms
Depression symptoms include persistent sadness, lack of energy, and loss of interest. Learn which signs may indicate depression and when to seek professional help.
Deprivation
Deprivation bezeichnet einen Zustand des Mangels an notwendigen körperlichen, emotionalen oder sozialen Reizen und Ressourcen.
Derivation Therapy
Derivation therapy is a concept from naturopathic medicine aimed at removing harmful or disease-causing substances from the body. It encompasses various traditional and complementary medical methods.
Dermabrasion
Dermabrasion is a surgical skin resurfacing procedure in which the outermost layers of the skin are mechanically abraded to treat scars, wrinkles, or pigmentation changes.
Dermatitis
Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin causing redness, itching, and scaling. It can occur acutely or chronically and has a wide range of underlying causes.
Dermatitis Markers
Dermatitis markers are laboratory values and biological parameters used to diagnose and monitor the progression of dermatitis.
Dermatitis Therapy
Dermatitis therapy covers all treatment approaches used to relieve skin inflammation. Depending on the cause, topical, systemic, or behavioural strategies may be applied.
Dermatofibroma
A dermatofibroma is a benign skin nodule that most commonly appears on the legs. It is harmless and usually requires no treatment.
Dermatoglyphics
Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of skin ridge patterns on fingers, palms, and soles. It has important applications in medicine, genetics, and forensics.
Dermatohistology
Dermatohistology is the microscopic examination of skin tissue. It is used to diagnose skin diseases, tumors, and inflammatory conditions based on tissue samples.
Dermatomycosis
Dermatomycosis is a fungal infection of the skin caused by various types of fungi. It commonly presents with redness, scaling, and itching on affected skin areas.
Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis is an inflammatory disease affecting both the skin and the muscles. It belongs to the group of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and requires early diagnosis and treatment.
Dermatosclerosis
Dermatosclerosis is a progressive hardening and thickening of the skin, most commonly caused by chronic venous insufficiency. It results from connective tissue remodeling and is a warning sign of advanced vascular disease.
Dermatoscopy
Dermatoscopy is a non-invasive diagnostic method used to examine skin lesions in detail using magnification. It helps distinguish benign from malignant changes at an early stage.
Dermatotoxic
Dermatotoxic refers to substances or influences that have a damaging or poisonous effect on the skin, including chemicals, medications, and environmental toxins.
Dermoepidermal
Dermoepidermal refers to the junction zone between the dermis and epidermis of the skin. This transitional layer plays a key role in skin structure and various skin conditions.
DeSanctis-Cacchione Syndrome
DeSanctis-Cacchione Syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder combining severe UV light sensitivity, progressive neurological deterioration, and developmental delays.
Desensitisation Injection
A desensitisation injection is a specific immunotherapy used to treat allergies. It gradually reduces the immune system´s overreaction to allergens for long-term relief.
Desensitization
Desensitization is a medical therapy for treating allergies by gradually exposing the immune system to allergens, reducing overreactions long-term.
Desensitization Therapy
Desensitization therapy is a medical treatment that gradually accustoms the immune system to specific allergens. It aims to provide long-term relief from allergic symptoms.
Desloratadine
Desloratadine is a second-generation antihistamine used to treat allergic conditions such as hay fever and chronic hives. It is non-sedating and generally well tolerated.
Desmopressin
Desmopressin is a synthetic hormone analogue used to treat diabetes insipidus, bedwetting, and certain bleeding disorders.
Detox Enzyme
Detox enzymes are proteins produced by the body that help break down and eliminate harmful substances. They play a key role in protecting cells from toxic compounds.
Detox Foot Patch
Detox foot patches are adhesive pads applied to the soles of the feet overnight, claimed to draw toxins from the body. Their effectiveness is not supported by scientific evidence.
Detox Protein
Detox protein refers to high-protein foods or supplements intended to support the body´s natural detoxification processes and liver function.
Detoxification
Detoxification refers to medical and naturopathic procedures aimed at removing harmful substances, toxins, or metabolic waste products from the body.
Detoxification capacity
Detoxification capacity refers to the body's ability to neutralize and eliminate toxins, metabolic waste products, and foreign substances. The liver, kidneys, and intestines play a central role in this process.
Detoxification cure
Detoxification cures support the liver, kidneys and intestines in the elimination of harmful substances;
Detoxification Enzyme Activity
Detoxification enzyme activity describes the capacity of the body's own enzymes to neutralize and eliminate harmful substances and foreign compounds. It is essential for metabolic health.
Detoxification Pathway
A detoxification pathway is a series of biochemical reactions in the body that convert harmful substances into less toxic compounds for safe elimination. The liver, kidneys, and intestines play key roles.
Detoxification Protocol
A detoxification protocol is a structured plan designed to support the body's natural detox organs and processes through nutrition, lifestyle changes, and targeted supplementation.
Deucravacitinib
Deucravacitinib is an oral medication approved for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults. It selectively inhibits the enzyme tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2).
Development of the Male Reproductive Organs
The development of the male reproductive organs begins during embryonic life and includes the formation of the testes, penis, and epididymis, driven by hormonal and genetic factors.
Developmental delay
A developmental delay occurs when children reach motor, language, or cognitive milestones later than expected. Early intervention significantly improves long-term outcomes.
Developmental diagnostics
Developmental diagnostics assesses the physical, cognitive, and social development of children. It helps identify developmental delays early and enables targeted intervention and support.
Developmental neurology
Developmental neurology studies the neurological maturation of children and enables early detection of developmental disorders. It is a core discipline of pediatric medicine.
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone is a synthetic corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. It is used to treat a wide range of conditions including allergic reactions, autoimmune disorders, and severe inflammation.
Dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan is a cough-suppressant active ingredient found in many over-the-counter cold and flu medicines. It acts directly in the brain to reduce the urge to cough.
DGKO (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder-Osteopathie)
Die DGKO (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder-Osteopathie e.V.) ist eine medizinisch-fachliche Gesellschaft zur Förderung, Weiterbildung und Qualitätssicherung der osteopathischen Behandlung von Kindern.
DGOM (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Osteopathische Medizin e.V.)
Die DGOM (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Osteopathische Medizin e.V.) ist eine medizinische Fachgesellschaft zur Förderung, Weiterbildung und wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit osteopathischer Medizin in Deutschland.
diabetes symptoms
Diabetes symptoms such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue are common warning signs. Early detection is key to effective treatment and preventing complications.
Diabetes type 2 symptoms
Type 2 diabetes symptoms such as excessive thirst, frequent urination and fatigue often develop gradually. Early recognition is key to preventing complications.
Diabetic Foot
Diabetic foot is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus caused by nerve damage and poor circulation, leading to wounds, infections, and in severe cases, amputation.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is an eye disease caused by diabetes that damages the retina and can lead to blindness if left untreated.
Diagnosis code
A diagnosis code is a standardized alphanumeric system used to classify diseases, symptoms, and health conditions consistently across the healthcare system.
Diagnosis J06.9 g
J06.9 g refers to an acute upper respiratory infection, unspecified, confirmed. It covers common illnesses such as the common cold and acute catarrh of the upper airways.
Diagnostic Agent
A diagnostic agent is a substance or method used to identify and diagnose diseases or medical conditions. It includes laboratory tests, imaging agents, and other diagnostic tools.
Diagnostic Laparoscopy
Diagnostic laparoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used to examine abdominal organs with a small camera. It helps physicians identify the cause of unexplained abdominal symptoms.
Diagnostic Puncture
A diagnostic puncture is a minimally invasive medical procedure in which a needle is used to withdraw fluid or tissue from the body for laboratory analysis and disease diagnosis.
Diagnostics
Diagnostics refers to the full range of methods used to identify and classify diseases. It forms the foundation of every medical treatment decision.
Diamine oxidase
Diamine oxidase (DAO) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the breakdown of histamine in the body.
Diaminopyrimidine
Diaminopyrimidines are a class of chemical compounds used as active pharmaceutical ingredients, primarily as antibiotics and antiparasitic agents.
Diaminopyrimidine Derivative
Diaminopyrimidine derivatives are synthetic compounds that act as antifolates and are used as antibiotics and antiparasitic agents in clinical medicine.
Diaper Dermatitis
Diaper dermatitis is a common skin inflammation in the diaper area of infants and toddlers, caused by moisture, friction, and irritants from urine and stool.
Diaphragm Paresis
Diaphragm paresis is a partial or complete paralysis of the diaphragm, the main breathing muscle, which can significantly impair respiratory function. It is most commonly caused by nerve damage.
Diaphragmatic Breathing
Diaphragmatic breathing is a breathing technique that actively engages the diaphragm. It promotes relaxation, improves oxygen supply, and is widely used in therapeutic settings.
Diaphragmatic Hernia
A diaphragmatic hernia is a defect in the diaphragm that allows abdominal organs to enter the chest cavity. It can be congenital or acquired and often requires surgical correction.
Diastasis Recti
Diastasis recti is a separation of the two parallel bands of the rectus abdominis muscle along the midline. It commonly occurs after pregnancy and may cause back pain, core weakness, and abdominal discomfort.
Diastolic Blood Pressure
Diastolic blood pressure is the lowest pressure in the arteries, measured when the heart is at rest between beats. It is a key indicator of cardiovascular health.
Diastolic Dysfunction
Diastolic dysfunction is a cardiac condition in which the left ventricle fails to relax and fill properly. It is a leading cause of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
Dichloromethane
Dichloromethane (DCM) is a chlorinated solvent widely used in industry and laboratories. It is considered harmful to health and is classified as a possible human carcinogen.
Diclofenac
Diclofenac is an anti-inflammatory painkiller belonging to the group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), used to treat pain, inflammation, and fever.
Diet Fasting
Diet fasting refers to a deliberate, time-limited reduction in food intake aimed at weight loss or health improvement. Common methods include intermittent fasting and therapeutic fasting.
Diet for Gout
Diet for gout: a low-purine diet helps reduce uric acid levels and prevents painful gout attacks. Learn which foods are recommended and which to avoid.
Dietary Change
A dietary change refers to the deliberate adjustment of daily eating habits with the goal of sustainably improving health, well-being, or body weight.
Dietary fiber
Ballaststoffe sind unverdauliche Bestandteile pflanzlicher Lebensmittel, die im Dünndarm nicht abgebaut werden, aber im Dickdarm wichtige Funktionen erfüllen.
Dietary Fiber Deficiency
Dietary fiber deficiency occurs when daily fiber intake is too low. It can impair digestion and increase the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
Dietary Fiber Fermentation
Dietary fiber fermentation is the microbial breakdown of indigestible food fibers by gut bacteria in the large intestine, producing beneficial metabolic byproducts.
Dietary Fibre
Dietary fibre consists of indigestible plant components that support healthy digestion, promote gut health, and contribute to overall well-being.
Dietary Fibre Bioavailability
Dietary fibre bioavailability describes how effectively plant-based fibres are utilised in the digestive tract and what physiological effects they exert within the body.
Dietary Protein
Dietary protein is an essential macronutrient obtained from food, composed of amino acids that are vital for muscle building, immune defense, enzyme production, and overall metabolism.
Dietary Protein Absorption
Dietary protein absorption is the process by which proteins from food are broken down into amino acids and taken up through the intestinal lining into the bloodstream, supporting muscle growth, metabolism, and cell repair.
Dietary Protein Hydrolysate
A dietary protein hydrolysate is a food protein broken down into smaller peptides and amino acids by enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis. It is used in infant formula, sports nutrition, and clinical dietetics.
Dietary Protein Kinetics
Dietary protein kinetics describes how the body digests, absorbs, distributes, and utilizes ingested proteins. It forms the scientific basis for optimal protein intake recommendations.
Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate
Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate (DHHB) is a synthetic chemical UV filter used in sunscreen products to protect the skin from harmful UV-A radiation.
Diethylhexyl Butamido Triazone
Diethylhexyl Butamido Triazone is a synthetic chemical UV filter used in sunscreen products to protect the skin from harmful UVB radiation.
Difference Between CT and MRI
CT and MRI are both medical imaging techniques. The key difference is the technology: CT uses X-rays, while MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create images.
Differential Blood Count
A differential blood count is a laboratory test that breaks down the types of white blood cells in the blood. It helps doctors identify infections, immune disorders, and blood diseases.
Differential Diagnosis
A differential diagnosis is a systematic medical process in which doctors evaluate and rule out possible conditions to identify the most likely cause of a patient´s symptoms.
Differential Diagnostics
Differential diagnostics is a systematic medical process in which doctors compare possible conditions to identify the correct diagnosis for a patient.
Differential Therapy
Differential therapy refers to the targeted selection of the most suitable treatment method for a patient based on individual factors such as diagnosis, disease progression, and comorbidities.
Differentiation Therapy
Differentiation therapy is an oncological treatment approach that encourages malignant cancer cells to mature rather than directly destroying them. It is primarily used in certain types of leukemia.
Difficulty Concentrating
Difficulty concentrating refers to a reduced ability to focus attention on a task for a sustained period. It can result from many underlying causes.
Difucosyllactose Mixture
The difucosyllactose mixture is a group of human milk oligosaccharides naturally found in breast milk that act as prebiotics, supporting infant gut development and immune maturation.
DiGeorge Syndrome
DiGeorge syndrome is a congenital condition caused by a genetic deletion on chromosome 22, affecting the immune system, heart, and overall development.
Digestive Enzyme Analysis
Digestive enzyme analysis measures the concentration and activity of digestive enzymes in stool, blood, or breath. It helps detect disorders of the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract at an early stage.
Digestive Enzyme Replacement
Digestive enzyme replacement is the medical administration of enzymes that the body cannot produce in sufficient quantities, enabling proper digestion and nutrient absorption.
Digestive Enzyme Therapy
Digestive enzyme therapy supplements or replaces the body's natural digestive enzymes to improve the breakdown of food. It is used when the pancreas or intestine fails to produce sufficient enzymes for proper digestion.
Digestive Secretion
Digestive secretions are body fluids produced by organs of the digestive tract. They contain enzymes, acids, and other substances that break down food into absorbable nutrients.
Dignity (Medical)
In medicine, dignity (dignitas) refers to the biological nature of a tissue finding, classifying it as benign, malignant, or borderline. It is key for diagnosis and treatment.
Dihydromyricetin
Dihydromyricetin ist ein natürliches Flavonoid, das vor allem aus der japanischen Rosine (Hovenia dulcis) gewonnen wird.
Dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is a potent male sex hormone derived from testosterone that plays a key role in male development and is linked to hair loss and prostate conditions.
Dihydroxyacetone
Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is a simple sugar compound used as the active ingredient in self-tanning products, giving the skin a tan without sun exposure.
Dilation and curettage
Dilation and curettage (D&C) is a gynecological procedure in which the lining of the uterus is scraped or suctioned away. It is used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
DIM (Diindolylmethane)
DIM (Diindolylmethane) is a bioactive plant compound derived from cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli. It influences hormone balance and is studied for its role in estrogen metabolism and cancer prevention.
Dimenhydrinate
Dimenhydrinate is an antiemetic and antihistamine used to prevent and treat nausea, vomiting, and dizziness, especially in motion sickness. It is widely available without a prescription.
Dimethylaminoethanol
Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) is a naturally occurring compound found in the brain and certain foods, known as a precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
Diogenes Syndrome
Diogenes syndrome is a behavioral disorder characterized by extreme self-neglect, compulsive hoarding, and social withdrawal. It most commonly affects elderly individuals.
Diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine used to treat allergies, short-term insomnia, and motion sickness.
Diphosphonate
Diphosphonates are medications that inhibit bone resorption and are used to treat osteoporosis, bone metastases, and related conditions.
Diphtheria
Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract and can be life-threatening if untreated.
Direct Bilirubin Level
The direct bilirubin level measures the amount of conjugated bilirubin in the blood and is a key laboratory marker for assessing liver function and bile flow.
Disc Prolapse
A disc prolapse, or herniated disc, occurs when the soft inner core of a spinal disc pushes through its outer layer, pressing on nearby nerves and causing back pain, numbness, or weakness.
Discectomy
A discectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a herniated disc that is compressing spinal nerves, causing pain, numbness, or weakness.
Disease Risk
Disease risk describes the probability that a person will develop a specific illness. It is influenced by genetic, lifestyle-related, and environmental factors.
Disinfectant
Disinfectants are substances that kill or inactivate pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They are used in medicine, healthcare, and everyday life to prevent the spread of infections.
Displaced Fracture
A displaced fracture is a bone break in which the bone fragments have shifted out of their normal position. It usually requires targeted medical treatment.
Dissimilation
Dissimilation refers to the catabolic metabolism in the human body, where organic compounds are broken down to release energy for vital functions.
Dissociation
Dissociation is a psychological process in which thoughts, feelings or memories become disconnected from conscious awareness. It often occurs as a protective response to trauma.
Distorsion
A distorsion is a joint injury caused by excessive stretching or twisting, damaging ligaments, tendons, or the joint capsule without fracturing the bone.
Distraction osteogenesis
Distraction osteogenesis is a surgical procedure to lengthen or regenerate bone by applying controlled tension to newly formed bone tissue.
Disturbance of Consciousness
A disturbance of consciousness describes an impairment of wakefulness or awareness. It can range from mild confusion to complete unconsciousness and always requires medical evaluation.
Diurnal Cortisol Profile
The diurnal cortisol profile measures how cortisol levels in blood or saliva change throughout the day. It helps diagnose hormonal disorders such as Cushing syndrome or adrenal insufficiency.
Diverticulitis
Diverticulitis causes abdominal pain, digestive problems and fever. Find out why women are more frequently affected and how diet and gut health can help.
Diverticulosis
Diverticulosis is a condition in which small pouches called diverticula form in the wall of the colon. It is very common and usually causes no symptoms.
DMSO (Dimethylsulfoxid)
DMSO steht für Dimethylsulfoxid, eine organische Schwefelverbindung mit ausgeprägten lösungsmittel- und durchdringungsfördernden Eigenschaften.
DMT1 Transporter
The DMT1 transporter is a membrane protein that transports iron and other metal ions across cell membranes, playing a central role in intestinal iron absorption.
dolo dobendan
Dolo Dobendan is an over-the-counter medication used to relieve sore throats. It contains benzocaine and cetylpyridinium chloride, providing local anaesthetic and antiseptic effects.
Dopamine Antagonist
A dopamine antagonist is a substance that blocks the effects of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. It is used to treat conditions such as schizophrenia, nausea, and gastroparesis.
Dopamine Deficiency
Dopamine deficiency refers to abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain, which can cause low motivation, mood disorders, and movement problems.
Dopamine Release
Dopamine release is a key brain process in which the neurotransmitter dopamine is discharged, influencing motivation, reward, mood, and overall well-being.
Dopaminfasten
Dopaminfasten ist eine moderne Praxis zur Reduktion externer Reize, die auf den bewussten Verzicht stimulierender Aktivitäten abzielt, um dem Gehirn eine Art „Reset“ zu ermöglichen.
Dorsal Foot Reflex
The dorsal foot reflex is a neurological deep tendon reflex elicited by tapping the top of the foot, providing insight into the integrity of the nervous system.
Dorsiflexion
Dorsiflexion is the upward movement of the foot toward the shin. It is essential for walking, running, and maintaining balance.
Dose Titration
Dose titration is the gradual adjustment of a medication dose to achieve the optimal therapeutic effect with minimal side effects for each individual patient.
Double Vision Therapy
Double vision therapy treats diplopia, a condition where a person sees two images of a single object. Targeted exercises and optical aids help restore normal vision and improve quality of life.
Double-Blind Trial
A double-blind trial is a scientific study design in which neither participants nor researchers know who receives a treatment or placebo, minimizing bias and ensuring objective results.
Douglas Sign
The Douglas sign is a clinical finding during gynecological examination indicating inflammation or fluid accumulation in the pouch of Douglas.
Dowager's hump
A dowager hump is a rounded hump at the base of the neck and upper back, often caused by osteoporosis or poor posture. It is medically known as hyperkyphosis.
Doxycycline
Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline class. It is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections and is generally well tolerated.
Doxycycline Lyme disease
Doxycycline is the first-line antibiotic for treating Lyme disease. It effectively targets Borrelia bacteria transmitted through infected tick bites.
Drachter Triad
The Drachter Triad describes three classic findings in urinary bladder perforation: abdominal pain, urinary retention, and absence of urine on catheterization.
Dragon Fruit
Die Drachenfrucht ist eine tropische Frucht aus der Familie der Kakteengewächse, die durch ihr auffälliges Aussehen und ihr mild süßliches Fruchtfleisch gekennzeichnet ist.
Drainage Channel
A drainage channel is a medical structure or surgically created pathway used to remove excess fluids, pus, or blood from the body or a body cavity.
Drainage Position
A drainage position is a specific body posture used in medicine and physiotherapy to promote the gravitational flow of secretions, fluids, or pus out of the body.
Drainage System
A drainage system is a medical device used to remove fluids, blood, pus, or gases from body cavities or wounds following surgery or during the treatment of various medical conditions.
Drainage Therapy
Drainage therapy is a medical procedure used to remove fluids, pus, or air from body cavities or wounds in a controlled manner, promoting healing and preventing complications.
Dreyfus Model
The Dreyfus Model describes five stages of skill acquisition, from novice to expert. It is widely applied in medical and healthcare education to guide training and competency assessment.
Dromotropy
Dromotropy describes the conduction velocity of electrical impulses through the heart muscle. It is a key parameter in cardiac physiology and clinical cardiology.
Droopy Eyelids
Schlupflider bezeichnen eine Erschlaffung der Haut des Oberlids, bei der sich überschüssige Haut über die natürliche Lidfalte legt.
Drop in Blood Pressure
A drop in blood pressure occurs when arterial pressure falls below normal levels. It can cause dizziness, fainting, and weakness and may require medical attention.
Drug Allergy
A drug allergy is an immune system reaction to a medication. Symptoms range from mild skin rashes to life-threatening anaphylaxis and require prompt medical attention.
Drug Interaction
A drug interaction occurs when two or more medications influence each other inside the body. This can enhance or reduce their effects, or cause unexpected and potentially dangerous side effects.
Drug Metabolism
Drug metabolism describes the biochemical transformation of medications within the body. It determines the duration, potency, and tolerability of a drug.
Drug Withdrawal
Drug withdrawal is the process in which a person stops using addictive substances and experiences physical and psychological symptoms as the body readjusts to functioning without the substance.
Drummer Palsy
Drummer palsy is a compression injury of the radial nerve caused by prolonged pressure on the upper arm. It typically presents as wrist drop and numbness on the back of the hand.
Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist
A dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist is a medication that simultaneously mimics two gut hormones and is used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is an imaging technique used to measure bone mineral density. It is the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis and assessing fracture risk.
Ductuli prostatici
The ductuli prostatici are small excretory ducts of the prostate gland that transport prostatic secretion into the urethra, playing a key role in seminal fluid composition.
Dulaglutide
Dulaglutide is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It mimics the hormone GLP-1, lowers blood sugar levels, and can support weight loss.
Duloxetine
Duloxetine is a prescription antidepressant from the SNRI class, used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and chronic pain conditions.
Dumdum Bullets
Dumdum bullets are projectiles designed to expand or mushroom upon impact, causing larger wound cavities. Their use in warfare is prohibited under international law.
Dunphy Sign
The Dunphy sign is a clinical examination finding used to assess suspected appendicitis: coughing worsens pain in the right lower abdomen.
Duodenal Atresia
Duodenal atresia is a congenital malformation in which the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine, is completely blocked. It requires surgical treatment and is often associated with other birth defects.
Duodenal Ulcer
A duodenal ulcer is a painful sore in the lining of the duodenum. It is most commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Duodenoscopy
Duodenoscopy is an endoscopic examination of the duodenum using a specialised side-viewing endoscope. It is used to diagnose and treat conditions of the small intestine and bile ducts.
Dupuytren Contracture
Dupuytren contracture is a benign connective tissue disorder of the hand causing progressive finger flexion and limiting hand function.
Dupuytren disease alcohol
Alcohol is considered a possible risk factor for Dupuytren disease, a condition affecting the connective tissue of the palm. Learn more about the link.
Dupuytren's Disease
Dupuytren's disease is a benign connective tissue disorder of the hand causing the palmar fascia to thicken and pull fingers into a permanent bent position.
Dura mater
The dura mater is the outermost and toughest of the three meninges, protecting the brain and spinal cord. It consists of dense connective tissue and forms a critical protective layer of the central nervous system.
Dural venous sinuses
The dural venous sinuses are venous channels located within the dura mater that drain blood from the brain into the jugular veins.
Duration of Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis typically lasts 1 to 3 days. Learn how long symptoms persist depending on the cause and when to see a doctor.
Durchfallerkrankung
Durchfall kann viele Ursachen haben, von Infektionen bis zu Ernährungsfehlern. Erfahre alles über Symptome, mögliche Auslöser und effektive Behandlungsmöglichkeiten.
Dust Allergy
Eine Stauballergie, genauer Hausstaubmilbenallergie, ist eine Überempfindlichkeitsreaktion des Immunsystems auf Bestandteile der Hausstaubmilbe.
Dyscalculia
Dyscalculia is a learning disorder characterized by persistent difficulties with numbers and basic arithmetic. It occurs regardless of overall intelligence or level of education.
Dysfunctional Breathing
Dysfunctional breathing refers to an altered breathing pattern that does not match the body´s physiological needs, causing physical and psychological symptoms.
Dysgammaglobulinaemia
Dysgammaglobulinaemia is a disorder in which the balance of gammaglobulins in the blood is disrupted, with certain immunoglobulin classes being elevated or reduced. This can significantly impair immune defence.
Dyskinesia
Dyskinesia refers to involuntary, uncontrolled movements that can be caused by neurological conditions or medications. Common areas affected include the face, arms, and trunk.
Dyslipidemia
Dyslipidemia refers to abnormal levels of lipids in the blood, including high cholesterol or triglycerides. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is often linked to lifestyle and genetic factors.
Dysmenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual cramps occurring before or during a period. It is one of the most common gynecological complaints worldwide.
Dysphagia lusoria
Dysphagia lusoria is a rare swallowing disorder caused by a congenital vascular anomaly that compresses the esophagus from the outside, leading to difficulty swallowing.
Dyspigmentation
Dyspigmentation refers to any disorder of normal skin coloration caused by changes in melanin production, resulting in lighter or darker patches of skin.
Dysregulation
Dysregulation refers to the impaired control of biological or psychological processes in the body. It can affect emotions, the immune system, metabolism, or the nervous system.
Dystelektasis
Dystelektasis refers to incomplete ventilation of the lungs, where certain lung areas remain partially unexpanded. It commonly occurs after surgery or during prolonged bed rest.
Die neusten Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryAntiphospholipid Syndrome
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder causing abnormal blood clotting and pregnancy complications due to antibodies targeting the body's own phospholipids.
Synovialitis
Synovialitis is an inflammation of the synovial membrane lining the joint capsule. It causes joint pain, swelling, and restricted movement in the affected joints.
Die meistgelesenen Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryMagnesiumcarbonat
Magnesiumcarbonat ist eine anorganische Magnesiumverbindung mit säure-neutralisierender (antazidischer) Wirkung. Erfahre mehr über Vorteile, Einsatzgebiete und Unterschiede zu besser resorbierbaren Magnesiumformen.
Calorie content
The choice of food influences our energy intake. The calorie content varies greatly - some provide little energy, others a lot.
Cologne list
The Cologne List ® is an important initiative in competitive sports that offers athletes guidance in the selection of nutritional supplements.