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Nasolabial Fold: Causes & Treatments
The nasolabial fold is a natural skin fold running from the sides of the nose to the corners of the mouth. It develops due to aging, facial expressions, and volume loss.
Things worth knowing about "Nasolabial fold"
The nasolabial fold is a natural skin fold running from the sides of the nose to the corners of the mouth. It develops due to aging, facial expressions, and volume loss.
What is the Nasolabial Fold?
The nasolabial fold is a natural facial tissue fold that runs bilaterally from the sides of the nose down to the corners of the mouth. It is anatomically normal and present in virtually all people. However, with increasing age, sun damage, and the breakdown of collagen, the fold can deepen and become a cosmetic concern for many individuals.
Causes of Deepening
The prominence of the nasolabial fold is influenced by several factors:
- Natural aging process: As the body ages, the skin loses collagen, elastin, and moisture, reducing its firmness and elasticity.
- Volume loss: The reduction of fat tissue and bone density in the mid-face area causes the cheeks to descend, deepening the fold.
- Facial expressions: Repetitive movements such as laughing, speaking, and chewing contribute to fold formation over time.
- Sun exposure: UV radiation accelerates the breakdown of structural skin proteins such as collagen and elastin.
- Genetic predisposition: Family history influences how early and how deeply the fold develops.
- Smoking: Nicotine promotes oxidative stress and accelerates collagen degradation.
- Weight changes: Significant weight loss can accelerate facial volume depletion.
Appearance and Symptoms
The nasolabial fold is primarily an aesthetic phenomenon and does not cause any medical symptoms. It appears as a visible line or crease on both sides of the face, running from the nose to the corners of the mouth. In more advanced cases, it may extend further downward as a marionette line. Its depth varies depending on age, skin type, and individual anatomy.
Diagnosis
Assessment of the nasolabial fold is performed through clinical examination by a dermatologist or plastic surgeon. Standardized grading scales (e.g., the Allergan Facial Wrinkle Scale) are used to classify the depth of the fold and plan appropriate treatment.
Treatment Options
A range of non-invasive, minimally invasive, and surgical options are available for treating the nasolabial fold:
Non-invasive Methods
- Topical agents: Retinol, vitamin C, and peptides can stimulate collagen production and improve skin texture.
- Sun protection: Consistent use of SPF helps slow further fold development.
- Facial exercises: May strengthen facial muscles, though scientific evidence remains limited.
Minimally Invasive Methods
- Hyaluronic acid fillers (dermal fillers): The most common treatment. Hyaluronic acid is injected into the fold to restore volume and smooth the crease. Results typically last 6–18 months.
- Autologous fat injection (lipofilling): Fat tissue is harvested from another area of the body and injected into the face.
- Collagen stimulators: Substances such as poly-L-lactic acid or calcium hydroxylapatite stimulate the body's own collagen production.
- Laser treatments and radiofrequency: Promote skin renewal and collagen synthesis.
- Thread lifting: Special thread implants lift and tighten the cheek tissue, indirectly reducing the fold.
Surgical Methods
- Facelift (rhytidectomy): In cases of pronounced folding, a surgical facelift can achieve long-lasting improvement of the overall facial profile.
When to See a Doctor
As the nasolabial fold is primarily a cosmetic concern, a medical consultation is not strictly necessary. However, any treatment should always be carried out or supervised by a qualified specialist – preferably a dermatologist or plastic surgeon. A sudden, asymmetric change in the facial area may indicate a neurological condition and should be medically evaluated promptly.
References
- Rzany B., De Boulle K. - Dermal Filler Injections for Nasolabial Folds. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 2022.
- Carruthers J., Carruthers A. - Soft Tissue Augmentation. Elsevier, 4th Edition, 2018.
- American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) - Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines on Facial Rejuvenation, 2020.
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