Palatal Plate – Function, Use and Benefits
A palatal plate is a custom-fitted plastic appliance used in newborns with a cleft palate to facilitate feeding and support healthy jaw development.
Things worth knowing about "Palatal Plate"
A palatal plate is a custom-fitted plastic appliance used in newborns with a cleft palate to facilitate feeding and support healthy jaw development.
What Is a Palatal Plate?
A palatal plate is a removable, individually crafted plastic appliance used primarily in newborns and infants born with a cleft palate (palatoschisis) or a cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (CLAP). It covers the opening in the roof of the mouth, enabling better oral motor function and a more coordinated sucking and swallowing reflex.
The plate is fitted shortly after birth or within the first weeks of life by a specialized pediatric or maxillofacial surgeon in collaboration with a dentist or orthodontist. It serves as a temporary measure until the cleft is surgically corrected.
Indications
Palatal plates are primarily used in the following situations:
- Cleft palate (palatoschisis): A congenital malformation in which the palatal tissue fails to fuse completely during pregnancy.
- Cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (CLAP): A combined malformation involving the lip, jaw, and palate.
- Submucous cleft palate: A hidden cleft covered by the oral mucosa but affecting the underlying structures.
Function and Benefits
The palatal plate serves several important purposes:
- Facilitating feeding: By closing the gap in the palate, the infant can generate better suction pressure, making breastfeeding or bottle-feeding easier.
- Supporting jaw development: The appliance guides the growth of the jawbone and surrounding tissues toward a more physiological position.
- Preparing for surgery: It enables presurgical palatal molding, which can improve surgical outcomes.
- Preventing aspiration: It helps prevent food and liquids from entering the nasal cavity.
- Supporting speech development: An optimally shaped palate promotes proper sound formation and language development later in childhood.
Fitting and Wearing Instructions
The palatal plate is individually molded from medical-grade acrylic by a specialist. It rests against the palatal structures and is held in place by the natural anatomy of the infant mouth without adhesives or hooks. The plate is regularly adjusted or replaced every two to four weeks to accommodate the rapid growth of the infant.
Parents receive thorough instructions on the care and handling of the appliance. It should be cleaned after each feeding using clear water and a soft brush. The plate should be worn around the clock and removed only for cleaning purposes.
Nasoalveolar Molding (NAM)
An advanced form of the traditional palatal plate is Nasoalveolar Molding (NAM). In this technique, nasal stents are added to the plate to simultaneously reshape the nasal cartilage into a more favorable position. This method is particularly used in pronounced cleft lip and palate cases and can significantly enhance surgical outcomes.
Surgical Correction
The palatal plate is not a permanent solution. Surgical repair of the cleft palate is typically performed between 9 and 18 months of age. After a successful operation, the palatal plate is generally no longer required. However, long-term orthodontic treatment and speech therapy may still be necessary.
References
- German Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (DGMKG) – Guidelines for the Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate, 2022.
- Grayson BH, Cutting CB. Presurgical nasoalveolar orthopedic molding in primary correction of the nose, lip, and alveolus of infants born with unilateral and bilateral clefts. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2001;38(3):193-198.
- World Health Organization (WHO) – Global Registry and Database on Craniofacial Anomalies, 2001.
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