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Rotator Cuff Tear – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

A rotator cuff tear is a common cause of shoulder pain and weakness. Learn about symptoms, causes, treatment options and rehabilitation strategies.

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Things worth knowing about "Rotator Cuff Tear"

A rotator cuff tear is a common cause of shoulder pain and weakness. Learn about symptoms, causes, treatment options and rehabilitation strategies.

Rotator Cuff Tear: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

The rotator cuff is composed of four muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint. Tears, especially of the supraspinatus tendon, may occur either partially or fully and lead to pain and dysfunction.

Causes include degenerative wear, acute trauma (e.g. fall on the arm), or repetitive overhead activities common in sports or certain occupations.

Symptoms

Gradual or sudden shoulder pain, especially during overhead motion
Weakness and reduced active mobility
Night pain, especially when lying on the affected side
Audible popping or clicking during movement
Complete tears may prevent active arm elevation

Diagnosis

Clinical tests (e.g. Jobe, Lift-off, Drop arm test)
Ultrasound or MRI for tendon visualization
X-ray to assess bony structures and degeneration

Treatment Options

Conservative (partial tears or low-demand patients):

Physical therapy to strengthen intact muscles
Pain control with cold therapy, NSAIDs, possibly injections
Postural correction and coordination training

Surgical (complete tears or young active patients):

Arthroscopic tendon repair
Immobilization post-op, followed by a structured rehab plan
Recovery over several months is typical

Rehabilitation

Initial phase: passive movement, lymph drainage, pain control
Mid-phase: isometric exercises, scapular stabilization
Late phase: strengthening rotator cuff, functional return

Structured physiotherapy is essential for full recovery.

Scientific References

Jost B et al. (2006): Surgical outcomes after rotator cuff repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am
Tempelhof S et al. (1999): Age-based prevalence of rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg
Kuhn JE (2009): Conservative vs. surgical approaches. Am J Sports Med

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