Ritalin - effect, use & risks of the ADHD medication

Ritalin contains methylphenidate and is used to treat ADHD. Information on effects, side effects, risks and why medical supervision is so important.

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Wissenswertes über "Ritalin"

Ritalin is the trade name of a drug containing the active ingredient methylphenidate - a central nervous stimulant that is primarily used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and in certain cases of narcolepsy.

Methylphenidate works by inhibiting the reuptake of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine, thereby increasing their concentration in the synaptic cleft. This leads to an improved ability to concentrate, impulse control and increased attention in affected patients. Ritalin belongs to the group of psychostimulants and is only available on prescription. It is available in various dosage forms - including short-acting tablets, slow-release preparations (e.g. Ritalin LA) and generic variants. The effectusually occurs within 30 to 60 minutesand lasts - depending on the formulation - between 3 and 12 hours.

With proper medical supervision, Ritalin shows a significant improvement in the quality of life and academic or professional performance of people with ADHD in many cases. However, Ritalin is not without risks: Possible side effects include loss of appetite, sleep disturbances, nervousness, headaches, heart palpitations and, in rare cases, psychological changes such as irritability or depressive moods. There is a risk of dependence and cardiovascular complications in the event of misuse or improper use. Individual dose adjustment, regular medical check-ups and support through behavioural therapy are therefore essential

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Important features of Ritalin:

CNS stimulant for the treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy
Increases dopamine and noradrenaline levels in the brain
Affects concentration-enhancing, impulse-controlling, wakefulness-enhancing
Possible side effects: loss of appetite, sleep problems, irritability
Prescription only, with risk of abuse and dependence if used incorrectly

Literature references

Faraone, S. V. et al. (2004). "The efficacy and safety of methylphenidate for treating ADHD." Pediatrics.
Volkow, N. D. et al. (2001). "Therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate significantly increase extracellular dopamine." Journal of Neuroscience.
NICE Guideline (UK). (2018). "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management."