Diabetes - causes, symptoms & the role of magnesium

Diabetes mellitus, or diabetes for short, is a chronic metabolic disease characterised by impaired insulin production or insulin resistance.

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Diabetes mellitus, or diabetes for short, is a chronic metabolic disease characterised by impaired insulin production or insulin resistance.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which the blood sugar level is permanently elevated and which, if left untreated, can lead to serious health consequences such as cardiovascular disease, nerve damage and kidney problems. There are two main types of diabetes: in type 1, the body produces no insulin; in type 2, the body's cells no longer respond properly to insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is produced in the pancreas and is responsible for transporting glucose from the blood into the cells. If the insulin mechanism is disrupted, the body cannot efficiently utilise the carbohydrates ingested, which leads to a rise in blood glucose levels.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. The body is no longer able to produce insulin itself. This form of diabetes often occurs in childhood or early adulthood. In this case, insulin must be administered to the body from outside, either by injection or with an insulin pump. Blood glucose measurements and a balanced diet are also important.

Type 2 diabetes is an insulin resistance in which the body's cells react less sensitively to insulin. As a result, the body has to produce more insulin, but at some point this is no longer sufficient to keep blood sugar levels at a normal level. This form of diabetes often occurs later in life and is often associated with obesity, an unhealthy diet and a lack of exercise. Blood sugar can initially be controlled through a healthy diet and physical activity as well as oral medication. In advanced cases, insulin may be required.

The symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes can be varied and non-specific, but the disease often develops gradually. Common signs include severe thirst and increased urination, tiredness and fatigue, weight loss despite normal or increased food intake, visual disturbances, slow wound healing or frequent infections.

Research shows that people with diabetes often have low blood magnesium levels, which can affect both insulin sensitivity and blood glucose control. Magnesium plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels as it supports the function of insulin. A magnesium deficiency can favour the development of insulin resistance and thus increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. Many diabetics have difficulty getting enough magnesium through their normal diet, as foods such as green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds and whole grains are often not sufficiently integrated into the diet. Magnesium supplements can be a valuable addition to counteract a deficiency and support blood sugar control.