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Vitamin B12 deficiency - symptoms, causes & treatment
Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to tiredness, nerve problems and anaemia. Find out the causes, symptoms and what can help against the deficiency.
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Vitamin B12 deficiency is a condition that occurs when the body does not have enough vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin.
Vitamin B12 plays a crucial role in the formation of red blood cells, DNA synthesis and the function of the nervous system. A vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to a range of health problems.
The most common causes of vitamin B12 deficiency are nutritional deficiencies, especially in people who follow a vegan or vegetarian diet, as this vitamin is mainly found in animal products such as meat, fish, eggs and milk. In addition, certain diseases, such as coeliac disease or Crohn's disease, can affect the body's ability to absorb nutrients from food, including vitamin B12. Absorption can also be impaired after stomach surgery or when using certain medications. Older people in particular are at a higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, as the production of intrinsic factor, a protein required for the absorption of vitamin B12, can decrease with age.
The symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency can be varied. The most common include fatigue and weakness, as insufficient red blood cell production can lead to anaemia. Neurological problems are also common, including numbness, tingling in the hands and feet, difficulty walking and memory problems. Psychological problems such as depression, mood swings and concentration problems can also occur. Another common sign is a swollen and painful tongue, also known as glossitis.
Vitamin B12 deficiency is usually diagnosed through blood tests, which check the level of vitamin B12 and other blood parameters. Treatment usually involves nutritional adjustments, such as increasing the intake of foods rich in vitamin B12, or taking food supplements. In cases of severe deficiency, oral supplements or injections of vitamin B12 may be prescribed to rapidly increase levels. It is also important to treat underlying conditions that impair absorption.Overall, vitamin B12 is crucial for health and a deficiency can have a significant impact on wellbeing. A balanced diet that contains sufficient vitamin B12 and regular medical check-ups can help to prevent a deficiency and promote long-term health.
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