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Biometeorology: How Weather Affects Human Health

Biometeorology studies how weather changes affect human health and well-being. It explains why many people experience physical symptoms during specific weather conditions.

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Things worth knowing about "Biometeorology"

Biometeorology studies how weather changes affect human health and well-being. It explains why many people experience physical symptoms during specific weather conditions.

What is Biometeorology?

The term biometeorology – known in German as Biowetter – refers to the interaction between meteorological factors such as temperature, air pressure, humidity, and wind, and their effects on the human body. Many people report noticing weather changes physically long before they become officially measurable. The scientific field studying these interactions is called human biometeorology.

Causes and Mechanisms

The physical reactions to weather changes are triggered by shifts in atmospheric parameters that influence the autonomic nervous system, circulation, and hormone balance.

Air pressure changes: Fluctuations in atmospheric pressure affect joints, sinuses, and the vascular system. People with joint conditions or migraines are particularly sensitive to drops in pressure.
Temperature fluctuations: Rapid temperature changes put strain on the cardiovascular system and can trigger circulatory problems.
Humidity: High humidity exhausts the body and impairs temperature regulation, while very dry air irritates mucous membranes.
Wind and Foehn: Specific wind types such as the Foehn (a warm, dry downslope wind common in Alpine regions) are associated with headaches, irritability, and sleep disturbances.
Thunderstorm situations: Before a storm, the concentration of positive ions in the air rises, which can cause discomfort and concentration difficulties in sensitive individuals.

Symptoms of Weather Sensitivity

People who react strongly to weather changes are described as weather-sensitive. Common complaints include:

Headaches and migraines
Fatigue and lethargy
Circulatory problems and dizziness
Joint pain and muscle stiffness
Sleep disturbances
Mood swings and irritability
Difficulty concentrating

Who is Most Affected?

Not everyone reacts equally to weather changes. Those most commonly affected include:

People with chronic conditions (e.g., arthritis, rheumatism, migraines)
Older adults
Individuals with cardiovascular diseases
People with a sensitive autonomic nervous system
Individuals experiencing stress or physical weakness

Diagnosis and Assessment

Weather sensitivity is not recognized as an independent medical diagnosis in conventional medicine. However, the phenomenon is studied scientifically. Physicians can rule out other causes of recurring symptoms through differential diagnosis. Keeping a symptom diary alongside weather records can help identify individual response patterns.

Coping Strategies and Treatment

There is no specific medical treatment for weather sensitivity. However, several approaches can help reduce symptoms and improve the body's adaptability:

Regular physical exercise strengthens the cardiovascular system and improves the body's ability to adapt to changes.
Hardening techniques such as alternating hot and cold showers or regular outdoor exposure can increase weather resilience.
Adequate sleep and stress reduction support the autonomic nervous system.
A balanced diet and sufficient hydration help the body cope better with fluctuations.
For severe headaches or circulatory problems, pain relievers or circulatory-supportive medications may be used short-term – always under medical guidance.

Biometeorology in Medical Research

Human biometeorology is a recognized scientific field studied by organizations such as the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and medical research institutions. Studies show that certain weather parameters are statistically associated with increased hospital admissions among cardiac patients, more frequent migraine attacks, and a rise in psychiatric emergencies.

References

World Meteorological Organization (WMO): Weather, Climate and Health. WMO-No. 1098. Geneva, 2017.
Jendritzky, G. & de Dear, R. (2009): Adapting the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) for a global scale. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 95(3), 205–213.
Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD): Biowetter und Gesundheit (Biometeorology and Health). URL: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/biowetter/biowetter.html

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