Lisdexamfetamine – Uses, Dosage & Side Effects
Lisdexamfetamine is a prescription medication used to treat ADHD and binge eating disorder. It belongs to the amphetamine class of drugs.
Things worth knowing about "Lisdexamfetamine"
Lisdexamfetamine is a prescription medication used to treat ADHD and binge eating disorder. It belongs to the amphetamine class of drugs.
What is Lisdexamfetamine?
Lisdexamfetamine (sold under brand names such as Vyvanse and Elvanse) is a prescription psychostimulant medication primarily used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and adults. In several countries, it is also approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe binge eating disorder (BED) in adults.
Chemically, lisdexamfetamine is a prodrug – meaning it is pharmacologically inactive until converted by the body into its active form, D-amphetamine, which produces the therapeutic effect.
Indications
- ADHD in children aged 6 and older, adolescents, and adults
- Binge eating disorder (moderate to severe) in adults
Mechanism of Action
After oral administration, lisdexamfetamine is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and converted by peptidase enzymes in the blood into the active metabolite D-amphetamine.
D-amphetamine exerts its effects primarily by:
- Increasing the release and blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain
- Enhancing attention, impulse control, and concentration
- Providing a more gradual and sustained drug release compared to direct amphetamine formulations, due to the stepwise enzymatic conversion
Dosage and Administration
Lisdexamfetamine is taken orally as a capsule or chewable tablet once daily, preferably in the morning. Dosage is individualized by the prescribing physician based on age, body weight, and clinical response.
- Children (ages 6–12) and adolescents: Treatment typically starts at a low dose (e.g., 20–30 mg/day) and is titrated upward as needed.
- Adults: The recommended daily dose typically ranges from 30 to 70 mg.
- The capsule may be swallowed whole or opened and dissolved in water.
Evening administration should be avoided to prevent sleep disturbances.
Side Effects
Like all medications, lisdexamfetamine can cause side effects. Common side effects include:
- Decreased appetite and weight loss
- Insomnia (difficulty sleeping)
- Increased blood pressure and heart rate
- Headaches
- Dry mouth
- Irritability or mood swings
- Gastrointestinal issues (e.g., nausea, stomach pain)
Rare but serious side effects may include cardiovascular complications, psychiatric symptoms (e.g., anxiety, psychosis), or growth delays in children. Medical attention should be sought promptly if any of these occur.
Contraindications
Lisdexamfetamine should not be used in patients with:
- Known hypersensitivity to amphetamines
- Severe cardiovascular disease
- Concurrent use of MAO inhibitors or within 14 days of discontinuing them
- Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)
- Glaucoma
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding (unless benefit clearly outweighs risk)
Abuse Potential and Legal Classification
Lisdexamfetamine is classified as a controlled substance in most countries due to its amphetamine content. It carries a risk of misuse, dependence, and abuse. In the United States, it is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance; in Germany, it falls under the Narcotics Act (BtMG). The prodrug design reduces but does not eliminate misuse potential compared to direct amphetamine preparations.
References
- Prescribing Information for Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine dimesylate) – Takeda Pharmaceuticals, current edition.
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE): Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management. NICE guideline NG87 (2019).
- Faraone SV et al. – The pharmacology of amphetamine and methylphenidate: Relevance to the neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric comorbidities. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 87, 255–270 (2018).
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