-
DE
Pericardiotomy – Surgical Procedure on the Pericardium
A pericardiotomy is a surgical procedure in which the pericardium – the fibrous sac surrounding the heart – is incised. It is used to drain fluid or as part of open-heart surgery.
Add as Preferred SourceThings worth knowing about "Pericardiотomy"
A pericardiotomy is a surgical procedure in which the pericardium – the fibrous sac surrounding the heart – is incised. It is used to drain fluid or as part of open-heart surgery.
What is a Pericardiotomy?
A pericardiotomy is a surgical procedure in which the pericardium – the tough, double-layered fibrous sac enclosing the heart – is incised (cut open). The term derives from the Greek words perikardion (pericardium) and tome (incision). The procedure may be performed as a standalone intervention or as part of a more extensive cardiac surgical operation.
Indications
A pericardiotomy is performed in a variety of clinical situations, including:
- Pericardial effusion: Abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac that impairs cardiac function
- Cardiac tamponade: Life-threatening compression of the heart due to excessive fluid in the pericardium
- Purulent pericarditis: Bacterial infection of the pericardium resulting in pus accumulation
- Preparation for cardiac surgery: Such as coronary artery bypass grafting or heart valve replacement
- Postoperative pericardial effusion syndrome: Fluid accumulation following cardiac surgery
Surgical Approaches
The pericardiotomy can be performed using several approaches, depending on the clinical scenario and the extent of the procedure required:
Subxiphoid Pericardiotomy
In this approach, the incision is made below the xiphoid process of the sternum. It is a minimally invasive technique particularly suited for draining a pericardial effusion or relieving cardiac tamponade. The procedure can be performed under local or general anesthesia.
Transthoracic Pericardiotomy
This approach involves opening the pericardium through an incision between the ribs (intercostal space). It provides better visualization of the operative field and is often preferred for more extensive procedures.
Pericardiotomy via Sternotomy
In open-heart surgery, the pericardium is opened following a sternotomy (division of the sternum), allowing complete access to the heart and surrounding structures.
Procedure and Postoperative Care
Before the procedure, imaging studies such as echocardiography or computed tomography (CT) are performed to assess the extent of the pericardial effusion. During the procedure, the drained fluid is routinely sent for laboratory analysis to determine the underlying cause of the effusion. A drain is often left in place after the procedure to prevent re-accumulation of fluid. Postoperative care includes regular echocardiographic follow-up and, depending on the underlying condition, appropriate medical therapy.
Risks and Complications
As with any surgical procedure, pericardiotomy carries potential risks and complications:
- Bleeding or hematoma formation at the surgical site
- Wound or pericardial infection
- Injury to adjacent structures (e.g., lung, diaphragm, coronary vessels)
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Recurrent effusion (re-accumulation of fluid)
- Pneumothorax (air accumulation in the chest cavity)
Distinction from Pericardiectomy and Pericardiocentesis
The pericardiotomy should be distinguished from related procedures: A pericardiectomy involves complete or partial surgical removal of the pericardium, which may be indicated in chronic constrictive pericarditis. Pericardiocentesis, on the other hand, is a non-surgical, percutaneous technique in which fluid is withdrawn from the pericardial sac using a needle – without any surgical incision.
References
- Maisch B. et al. – Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases. European Heart Journal, 2004; 25(7): 587–610.
- Imazio M. et al. – Pericardial diseases: clinical-pathophysiological spectrum. Heart, 2015; 101(12): 923–930.
- Cohn LH (ed.) – Cardiac Surgery in the Adult. McGraw-Hill Medical, 4th edition, 2012.
Building Blocks for a Healthy Life
As an integrated manufacturer, we develop & produce evidence-based, patented, and non-patented formulations. We work exclusively with plant and natural extracts according to the strictest purity & quality standards.
The combination of science & modern technology with the laws of nature creates solutions consistently tailored to humans – for the highest good: health.
Skip product gallery
Subscription available
Floral
For Healthy Oral Flora & Dental Care
Formulated lozenges with Dentalac®, lactic acid bacteria, and Lactoferrin CLN®30 lozenges
Regular price:
€22.90
Discount
Subscription available
Lactoferrin 60 Capsules
For your universal protection
As one of the most valuable proteins in the body, lactoferrin is a natural component of the immune system.
60 Capsules
Sale price:
€50.00
Regular price:
€59.90
Discount
Subscription available
Multivitamin Mineral Complex
Daily basic supply: the complete spectrum of micronutrients
Natural multivitamin complex for the immune system, energy, and central body functions
30 Capsules
Sale price:
€27.90
Regular price:
€29.90
Subscription available
Natural Iron
For your iron balance
Specially formulated for your iron balance with plant-based curry leaf iron, Lactoferrin CLN®, and natural Vitamin C from rose hips.
30 Capsules
Regular price:
€35.90
Most read entries
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryMagnesiumcarbonat
Magnesiumcarbonat ist eine anorganische Magnesiumverbindung mit säure-neutralisierender (antazidischer) Wirkung. Erfahre mehr über Vorteile, Einsatzgebiete und Unterschiede zu besser resorbierbaren Magnesiumformen.
Calorie content
The choice of food influences our energy intake. The calorie content varies greatly - some provide little energy, others a lot.
Cologne list
The Cologne List ® is an important initiative in competitive sports that offers athletes guidance in the selection of nutritional supplements.