Glossar: O
Do you have questions about specific symptoms or ingredients? Our glossary provides an A-to-Z guide to your health.
O
119 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryOat-zempic
Oat-zempic is a TikTok viral trend inspired by the diabetes drug Ozempic®, offering a homemade weight-loss drink made from oats, water, lime juice, and cinnamon.
Obesity Paradox
The obesity paradox describes the phenomenon where overweight or obese patients with certain chronic diseases show better survival outcomes than normal-weight patients.
Oblongichytrium sp.
Oblongichytrium sp. is a marine microorganism from the thraustochytrid group, known for producing high levels of DHA and other omega-3 fatty acids used in biotechnology and nutrition.
Obturation
Obturation is the sealing of the root canal following root canal treatment. Its goal is to permanently seal the cleaned canal and prevent bacterial re-entry.
octenisept
Octenisept is an antiseptic wound disinfectant containing octenidine dihydrochloride and phenoxyethanol. It offers broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Octocrylene
Octocrylene is a synthetic chemical UV filter used in sunscreens and cosmetics to protect the skin from harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Ocular Muscle Palsy
Ocular muscle palsy is a paralysis or weakness of one or more eye muscles, causing double vision and misalignment of the eyes.
Odontology
Odontology is the scientific study of the teeth, their structure, diseases, and treatments. It forms the academic foundation of dentistry and oral health care.
Oesophagogastric
Oesophagogastric refers to the junction between the oesophagus and the stomach. This region is clinically relevant in conditions such as reflux, tumours, and motility disorders.
Oestrogen dominance
Oestrogen dominance causes weight gain, PMS and hormonal complaints. Find out which causes, symptoms and natural measures help to regulate hormone imbalance.
Off-Label Use
Off-label use refers to the use of an approved medication outside the terms of its official authorization – for example, for a different condition, dosage, or age group.
Ogilvie Syndrome
Ogilvie syndrome is a rare condition in which the large intestine becomes massively dilated without any mechanical blockage. It mainly affects critically ill or post-surgical patients.
Olanzapine
Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It works by blocking multiple neurotransmitter receptors in the brain to reduce psychotic symptoms.
Oleuropein
Oleuropein ist ein natürlich vorkommendes Polyphenol, das hauptsächlich in den Blättern und Früchten des Olivenbaums (Olea europaea) vorkommt.
Oligohydramnios
Oligohydramnios is a condition during pregnancy in which the amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the baby is abnormally low, potentially affecting fetal development.
Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (OPC)
OPCs are powerful antioxidants found in grape seeds and plants. Learn about their effects on cells, blood vessels and inflammation, and how to use them safely.
Omega 3 fatty acids
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential polyunsaturated fatty acids that are of great importance for numerous functions in the body.
Omega 6 fatty acids
Omega-6 fatty acids are a group of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are essential for many important bodily functions. Like omega-3, they belong to the so-called essential fatty acids.
Omeprazole
Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to reduce stomach acid. It treats heartburn, gastric ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) effectively.
Omphalocele
An omphalocele is a congenital abdominal wall defect in which abdominal organs protrude through the navel. It is diagnosed prenatally and requires surgical correction after birth.
Ondansetron
Ondansetron is an antiemetic medication used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery. It works by blocking serotonin receptors in the gut and brain.
one-sided headache
One-sided headaches occur on only one side of the head and can have many causes, including migraine or cluster headaches.
Oozing Bleeding
Oozing bleeding refers to a slow, diffuse bleeding from small blood vessels or wound surfaces. It commonly occurs after surgery or injury.
Open Cholecystectomy
Open cholecystectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the gallbladder through an incision in the abdomen. It is used in complex cases or when minimally invasive surgery is not possible.
Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology is the medical specialty dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases. Ophthalmologists examine and treat all structures of the eye and visual system.
Ophthalmoscopy
Ophthalmoscopy is an eye examination technique used to inspect the fundus of the eye, including the retina, optic nerve, and blood vessels, for signs of disease.
Opioid Rotation
Opioid rotation refers to the deliberate switch from one opioid analgesic to another to improve pain control or reduce intolerable side effects in pain management.
Optic Chiasm
The optic chiasm is the crossing point of the optic nerves in the brain, where nerve fibers from both eyes meet and are redistributed for further visual processing.
Oral Antidiabetic Drug
Oral antidiabetic drugs are medications taken by mouth to treat type 2 diabetes. They lower blood sugar levels through various mechanisms and are often combined with lifestyle changes.
Oral mucosa
The oral mucosa lines the entire oral cavity and serves as a crucial protective barrier between the external environment and the body’s interior.
Oral Nutritional Supplement
Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are liquid or creamy medical nutrition products designed to provide energy, protein, and essential nutrients for people unable to meet their needs through regular food intake.
Oral Vaccine
An oral vaccine is a vaccine administered by mouth rather than by injection. It protects against specific infectious diseases such as polio or rotavirus infections.
Orbital (Ophthalmology)
The orbit is the bony eye socket in the skull that surrounds and protects the eyeball and surrounding structures. Orbital diseases affect this region and can impair vision.
Orbital Cavity
The orbital cavity (orbit) is the bony socket in the skull that houses and protects the eyeball and surrounding structures. It plays a central role in ophthalmology.
Orbital Cellulitis
Orbital cellulitis is a serious bacterial infection of the soft tissue within the bony eye socket. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment to prevent vision loss.
Organ Failure
Organ failure refers to the complete or significant loss of function of one or more vital organs. It is a medical emergency requiring intensive care treatment.
Organic Movement
The organic movement is a global social movement advocating for ecological farming, natural foods, and a conscious, sustainable lifestyle for people and the planet.
Organische Verbindung
Eine organische Verbindung ist eine chemische Substanz, die auf Kohlenstoff basiert und meist auch Wasserstoff, Sauerstoff, Stickstoff oder Schwefel enthält.
Organisches Magnesium
Organisches Magnesium bezeichnet Magnesiumverbindungen, bei denen das Magnesiumion an organische Säurengebunden ist, beispielsweise Magnesiumcitrat, -bisglycinat oder -malat.
Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Oropharyngeal carcinoma is a malignant tumor arising in the oropharynx, including the tonsils, base of the tongue, and posterior pharyngeal wall.
Oropouche virus
Oropouche virus (OROV) belongs to the genus Orthobunyavirus within the Peribunyaviridae family and is mainly transmitted to humans by mosquitoes (e.g. Culicoides paraensis) and occasionally also by certain species of midges.
Orthodontics
Orthodontics is a dental specialty focused on diagnosing and treating misalignments of the teeth and jaws. The goal is to improve bite function, oral health, and the overall appearance of the smile.
Orthomolecular Medicine
Orthomolecular medicine uses high-dose vitamins, minerals, and other naturally occurring substances to prevent and treat disease by optimizing body chemistry.
Orthopaedist
An orthopaedist is a specialist in diseases of the musculoskeletal system who deals with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of complaints of bones, joints, muscles, tendons and ligaments
Orthopoxvirus
Orthopoxviren gehören zur Gattung Orthopoxvirus innerhalb der Familie Poxviridae und umfassen eine Reihe von großen, doppelsträngigen DNA-Viren, die sowohl Menschen als auch Tiere infizieren können.
Orthorexia
Orthorexie nervosa beschreibt ein gestörtes Essverhalten, bei dem die Betroffenen einen krankhaften Zwang entwickeln, sich „perfekt“ zu ernähren.
Orthostatic Hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension is a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing that can cause dizziness or fainting. Learn about its causes, symptoms, and treatment.
Orthostatic Syndrome
Orthostatic syndrome causes dizziness and fainting upon standing due to a sudden drop in blood pressure. It affects the elderly, adolescents, and people with certain underlying conditions.
Os sphenoidale
The Os sphenoidale (sphenoid bone) is a central skull bone located at the base of the skull, protecting vital structures such as nerves and blood vessels.
Os trapezoideum
The os trapezoideum is a small carpal bone located in the distal row of the wrist. It plays a key role in the stability and force transmission of the wrist and hand.
Osler Nodes
Osler nodes are small, painful, reddish skin nodules on the fingers and toes that are a classic sign of infective endocarditis.
Osmolarity
Osmolarity measures the concentration of dissolved particles in a fluid. It is a key parameter in medicine for assessing the fluid and electrolyte balance of the body.
Osmoregulation
Osmoregulation is the process by which the body maintains a stable balance of water and dissolved salts, keeping osmotic pressure in cells and body fluids within a healthy range.
Osmotic Diuretic
Osmotic diuretics are drugs that increase urine output through osmotic action. They are used in conditions such as raised intracranial pressure and acute kidney injury.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease in which cartilage gradually breaks down, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility in affected joints.
Osteoarthritis
Arthrosis, also known as joint wear and tear or osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint disease in which the joint cartilage - the protective layer between the bones - gradually breaks down.
Osteoarthritis nutrition
The right diet for osteoarthritis can help to reduce inflammation, support joint health and slow down cartilage degradation.
Osteoarthritis Prevention
Osteoarthritis prevention includes measures to slow down or avoid joint degeneration. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and weight management are key strategies.
Osteoarthropathy
Osteoarthropathy refers to diseases affecting both bones and joints. It can be triggered by various underlying conditions and is often associated with pain and restricted movement.
Osteoblasts
Osteoblasten sind spezialisierte Zellen des Knochens, die für den Aufbau neuer Knochensubstanz verantwortlich sind.
Osteochondrosis
Osteochondrosis is a degenerative spinal condition involving the breakdown of intervertebral discs and vertebral bone tissue. It commonly causes back and neck pain and affects many adults over the age of 30.
Osteoclasts
Osteoklasten sind spezialisierte knochenabbauende Zellen, die gemeinsam mit den Osteoblasten den Knochenstoffwechsel regulieren.
Osteogenesis
Osteogenesis is the biological process by which bone tissue is formed and developed in the human body. It is essential for skeletal growth, fracture healing, and bone regeneration.
Osteomalacia
Osteomalacia is a condition in which bones become soft and prone to fractures due to insufficient mineralization. It is most commonly caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate.
Osteopathie
Osteopathie ist eine ganzheitliche manuelle Therapie zur Aktivierung der Selbstheilung. Mikronährstoffe wie Lactoferrin können osteopathische Behandlungen bei Entzündungen sinnvoll ergänzen.
Osteopathology
Osteopathology is the study of diseases and pathological changes of bone tissue. It covers the diagnosis and treatment of structural, metabolic, and inflammatory bone conditions.
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a chronic bone disease in which bone density decreases and bones lose stability, which greatly increases the risk of fractures.
Osteoporosis Therapy
Osteoporosis therapy includes medication and lifestyle measures to strengthen bone density and reduce the risk of fractures in affected patients.
Osteosclerosis
Osteosclerosis refers to an abnormal increase in bone density. Affected bones become denser but also more brittle and prone to fractures.
Östrogenmangel
Östrogenmangel bezeichnet einen Zustand, bei dem dem Körper nicht ausreichend Östrogene zur Regulation wichtiger körperlicher Funktionen zur Verfügung stehen.
Ovarialzyste
Eine Ovarialzyste ist eine meist flüssigkeitsgefüllte, gutartige Struktur im oder am Eierstock.
Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor originating in the ovaries. It is one of the most common gynecological cancers and is often diagnosed only at an advanced stage.
Ovarian Hormone
Ovarian hormones are sex hormones produced in the ovaries. They regulate the female cycle, fertility, and many other bodily functions essential to female health.
Ovarian Reserve
Ovarian reserve refers to the number and quality of remaining eggs in a woman´s ovaries and is a key indicator of female fertility and reproductive potential.
Ovarian Stimulation
Ovarian stimulation is a medical procedure in which hormones are used to encourage the ovaries to produce multiple eggs. It is primarily used in assisted reproductive treatments such as IVF.
Ovarian Tumor
An ovarian tumor is an abnormal growth on one or both ovaries, which can be benign or malignant. Early diagnosis is key to successful treatment.
Overactive Bladder
Eine Reizblase (überaktive Blase) ist eine Funktionsstörung der Harnblase, bei der ein ständiger oder plötzlicher Harndrang besteht, oft auch ohne tatsächliche Blasenfüllung.
Overweight
Overweight refers to excess body weight relative to height and is a major risk factor for chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Ovulation Calculator
An ovulation calculator helps women estimate their fertile days based on cycle length and last period date. It is a useful tool for family planning.
Ovulation Calendar
An ovulation calendar helps women track their menstrual cycle and identify fertile days. It is used for family planning and natural contraception methods.
Ovulation Test
An ovulation test is a home test that detects the surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) in urine, helping identify the most fertile days in the menstrual cycle.
Oxalic Acid
Oxalic acid is a naturally occurring organic acid found in many foods. In high amounts, it can promote kidney stone formation and inhibit the absorption of essential minerals.
Oxidation Resistance
Oxidation resistance describes the ability of cells, tissues, or molecules to withstand oxidative stress. It plays a key role in protecting the body from cell damage and chronic disease.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation is the primary process by which cells generate ATP, using an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to drive energy production.
Oxidative stress
Oxidative stress occurs when more free radicals are formed in the body than can be neutralised by the body's own or supplied antioxidants
Oxidative Stress Marker
Oxidative stress markers are measurable biological parameters that indicate an increased burden of free radicals in the body. They assist in assessing cell damage and oxidation-related diseases.
Oxidative Stress Protection
Oxidative stress protection refers to all mechanisms and strategies that shield the body from harmful free radicals and prevent cellular damage caused by oxidative stress.
Oxidoreductase
Oxidoreductases are enzymes that catalyze redox reactions by transferring electrons between molecules. They are essential for energy metabolism and numerous biochemical processes in living cells.
Oxygen Radicals
Oxygen radicals are highly reactive molecules that can damage cells. They are produced during metabolism and play a key role in aging and the development of various diseases.
Oxygen saturation
Oxygen saturation (SpO₂) indicates how much oxygen in the blood is bound to the haemoglobin in the red blood cells.
Oxygen Therapy
Oxygen therapy is a medical treatment in which patients receive supplemental oxygen to correct low blood oxygen levels and ensure adequate supply to vital organs.
Oxymetazoline
Oxymetazoline is a fast-acting nasal decongestant spray used to relieve nasal congestion caused by colds, allergies, or sinusitis. It works by narrowing blood vessels in the nasal lining.
Ozempic Face
Ozempic Face refers to the noticeable loss of facial fat and volume that can occur as a side effect of rapid weight loss caused by GLP-1 medications such as semaglutide.
Ozempic Side Effects
Ozempic (semaglutide) may cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Learn which complaints are common and when to seek medical advice.
Die neusten Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryIntestinal Barrier
The intestinal barrier is a protective lining in the gut that selectively absorbs nutrients while blocking harmful substances and pathogens from entering the bloodstream.
Germ Reduction
Germ reduction refers to the targeted decrease of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi on surfaces, in food, or within the human body.
Cytokine Induction
Cytokine induction refers to the targeted stimulation of the body´s own cytokine production to enhance the immune response. It plays a central role in inflammatory processes and the defense against infections.
Die meistgelesenen Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryMagnesiumcarbonat
Magnesiumcarbonat ist eine anorganische Magnesiumverbindung mit säure-neutralisierender (antazidischer) Wirkung. Erfahre mehr über Vorteile, Einsatzgebiete und Unterschiede zu besser resorbierbaren Magnesiumformen.
Cologne list
The Cologne List ® is an important initiative in competitive sports that offers athletes guidance in the selection of nutritional supplements.
Calorie content
The choice of food influences our energy intake. The calorie content varies greatly - some provide little energy, others a lot.