Glossar: R
Do you have questions about specific symptoms or ingredients? Our glossary provides an A-to-Z guide to your health.
R
158 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryRacecadotril
Racecadotril is an antidiarrhoeal medication used to treat acute diarrhoea. It works by inhibiting the breakdown of naturally occurring enkephalins in the gut, thereby reducing excessive fluid secretion into the intestine.
Radial Head Fracture
A radial head fracture is a break at the head of the radius bone, located in the elbow joint. It most commonly occurs after a fall onto an outstretched arm.
Radial nerve
The radial nerve is the main nerve of the extensor side of the arm, supplying muscles and skin of the upper arm, forearm, and hand with both motor and sensory fibers.
Radial Shaft Fracture
A radial shaft fracture is a break in the shaft of the radius, one of the two forearm bones. It is most commonly caused by direct trauma or a fall onto the outstretched hand.
Radial Shaft Fracture Treatment
Radial shaft fracture treatment includes both conservative and surgical approaches to restore full forearm and hand function after a break in the shaft of the radius bone.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy is a medical treatment that uses high-energy ionizing radiation to destroy cancer cells or inhibit their growth, and is one of the most important tools in oncology.
Radiofrequency Therapy
Radiofrequency therapy is a minimally invasive procedure that uses high-frequency electromagnetic waves to selectively heat tissue and achieve targeted therapeutic effects.
Radioiodine Therapy
Radioiodine therapy is a nuclear medicine treatment using radioactive iodine (iodine-131) to treat thyroid disorders such as hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer.
Radiosynoviorthesis
Radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) is a minimally invasive nuclear medicine procedure used to treat inflamed joint linings, such as in rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis.
Radius Fracture
A radius fracture is a break in the radius, one of the two bones of the forearm. It is one of the most common fractures and typically occurs after a fall onto an outstretched hand.
Randomized Controlled Trial
A randomized controlled trial is the gold standard study design in medical research, where participants are randomly assigned to a treatment or control group to test the effectiveness of an intervention.
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a severe kidney disease causing rapid loss of renal function. Without prompt treatment, kidney failure may result.
Raspberry Leaf Tea
Raspberry leaf tea is an herbal tea made from the dried leaves of the raspberry plant. It is traditionally used to support female health and as a uterine tonic during pregnancy.
Raynaud’s phenomenon
The Raynaud’s phenomenon is a vascular condition characterized by sudden circulatory disturbances in the fingers and toes.
Reactive Oxygen Species
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules produced during normal cell metabolism. In excess, they cause oxidative stress and contribute to numerous diseases.
Receptor Blockade
Receptor blockade refers to the targeted inhibition of a receptor by a drug substance, preventing the body's own messenger molecules from binding and triggering a response.
Reconstructive Surgery
Reconstructive surgery is a surgical specialty focused on restoring the form and function of damaged or missing body structures after injury, disease, or previous operations.
Recovery Nutrition
Recovery nutrition refers to the targeted intake of nutrients after physical exertion to optimally support regeneration, muscle repair, and performance restoration.
Recovery Phase
The recovery phase is the period in which the body repairs and restores itself after physical exertion, illness, or injury. It is essential for health and performance.
Recovery position
Die stabile Seitenlage ist eine Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahme, bei der eine bewusstlose, aber normal atmende Person in eine seitliche Position gebracht wird, um die Atemwege freizuhalten.
Rectal Biopsy
A rectal biopsy is a diagnostic procedure in which small tissue samples are taken from the rectum. It is used to diagnose conditions such as colorectal cancer, Crohn's disease, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Rectal Polyp
A rectal polyp is a benign tissue growth on the lining of the rectum. Certain types can develop into colorectal cancer and should be removed at an early stage.
Rectal Resection
Rectal resection is a surgical procedure in which part or all of the rectum is removed. It is most commonly performed for rectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or severe functional disorders of the rectum.
Rectal Temperature
Rectal temperature is the body temperature measured via the rectum and is considered one of the most accurate methods for detecting fever, especially in infants and young children.
Rectoscopy
Rectoscopy is an endoscopic examination of the rectum. It allows direct visual assessment of the rectal mucosa and aids in diagnosing conditions such as hemorrhoids, polyps, or inflammation.
Rectovaginal Fistula
A rectovaginal fistula is an abnormal connection between the rectum and the vagina. It causes characteristic symptoms and usually requires surgical treatment.
Recurvation
Recurvation refers to an excessive backward bending of a joint beyond its normal range, most commonly affecting the knee. It can be congenital or caused by injury.
Red Blood Cell Concentrate
A red blood cell concentrate is a blood product containing red blood cells, used to treat anemia or significant blood loss through transfusion.
Red Blood Cell Count
The red blood cell count indicates how many erythrocytes are present per microliter of blood. It is a key laboratory value for assessing blood formation and oxygen supply.
Red Blood Cell Production
Red blood cell production, known medically as erythropoiesis, is the process by which red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow. It is essential for oxygen transport throughout the body.
Red yeast rice
Roter Reis, auch als fermentierter roter Reis bekannt, entsteht durch die Fermentation von weißem Reis mit dem Schimmelpilz Monascus purpureus.
reducing inflammation
Reducing inflammation means lowering acute or chronic inflammatory responses in the body. Learn which methods, substances, and lifestyle changes can help.
Reflux disease (GERD)
Reflux disease, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a common disease of the digestive system in which stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus.
Reformer Pilates
Reformer Pilates ist eine Trainingsform des klassischen Pilates, die auf dem sogenannten Reformer-Gerät ausgeführt wird – einer Kombination aus beweglicher Liegefläche, Federsystem und Seilzügen.
Regeneration
Regeneration is the ability of the body to repair or replace damaged and lost tissue. It is a fundamental biological process essential to healing and recovery.
Regeneration Biochemistry
Regeneration biochemistry describes the molecular and cellular processes that occur after physical stress to repair tissue, replenish energy stores, and restore the body to full function.
Regeneration Cure
A regeneration cure is a structured health programme designed to restore body and mind through nutrition, rest, and targeted therapies.
Regeneration Cycle
The regeneration cycle describes the biological process by which the body renews and repairs its cells, tissues, and organs. It is essential for health, performance, and recovery.
Regeneration Hormone
The regeneration hormone (growth hormone, HGH) regulates cell repair, muscle growth and tissue regeneration. It is mainly released during deep sleep.
Regeneration Hormone Profile
The regeneration hormone profile is a diagnostic blood test that measures hormone-related markers of recovery and regeneration. It helps identify fatigue, overtraining, and hormonal imbalances.
Regio vertebralis
The regio vertebralis is the anatomical term for the vertebral region of the back. It covers the central strip of the back running along the spinous processes of the spine.
Regression / Involution
Regression or involution refers to the process by which tissues, organs, or structures return to a previous or normal state after a change or disease.
Regulating Hormone Balance
Regulating hormone balance means actively supporting the body's hormonal equilibrium. Hormones control key functions including metabolism, mood, sleep, and fertility.
Regulatory Medicine
Regulatory medicine examines the body's self-regulating capacities, aiming to identify and treat disrupted control circuits. It bridges conventional and complementary medical approaches.
Relapse Prevention
Relapse prevention includes strategies and interventions that help individuals avoid a recurrence of illness or addiction and maintain long-term health and recovery.
Relative Bradycardia
Relative bradycardia describes a heart rate that is unusually slow in relation to the level of fever present. It can be an important diagnostic clue for certain infections.
Relative Tachycardia
Relative tachycardia refers to a heart rate that is unexpectedly elevated in relation to a patient's clinical condition, even if the absolute heart rate appears within normal range.
Relaxation Response
The relaxation response is a natural physiological counterpart to stress reactions, reducing heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate to promote deep physical and mental relaxation.
REM-Schlaf
Der REM-Schlaf ist eine Phase des Schlafs, die durch schnelle Augenbewegungen, lebhafte Träume und hohe Gehirnaktivität gekennzeichnet ist.
Remineralisation Therapy
Remineralisation therapy is a dental treatment that helps restore lost minerals in tooth enamel, strengthening teeth and preventing the progression of tooth decay.
removing skin tags
Removing skin tags: safe methods, costs, and tips for eliminating benign skin growths with the help of a dermatologist or at home.
removing tonsil stones
Removing tonsil stones: safe methods to eliminate tonsilloliths. Learn how tonsil stones form, what symptoms they cause, and how to treat them effectively.
Renal Blood Pressure Regulation
Renal blood pressure regulation describes the ability of the kidneys to actively control and maintain stable blood pressure throughout the body.
Renal Cell Damage
Renal cell damage refers to structural or functional injury to the specialized cells of the kidney. It can occur acutely or chronically and may significantly impair kidney function.
Renal Colic
Renal colic is a sudden, severe, cramping pain in the flank and urinary tract, most commonly caused by a kidney stone blocking the flow of urine.
Renal Pressure Measurement
Renal pressure measurement assesses blood pressure within the kidney vessels, helping to detect conditions such as renal artery stenosis at an early stage.
Renal Replacement Therapy
Renal replacement therapy includes medical treatments that take over the vital functions of failing kidneys. It is used in cases of acute or chronic kidney failure.
Renal Replacement Therapy
Renal replacement therapy takes over the vital functions of the kidneys in cases of severe kidney failure. It includes dialysis and kidney transplantation.
Renal Scintigraphy
Renal scintigraphy is a nuclear medicine imaging procedure used to assess kidney function and blood flow. It helps diagnose and monitor a wide range of kidney conditions.
Reproductive Medicine
Reproductive medicine is the medical specialty focused on human fertility, reproduction, and the diagnosis and treatment of infertility in women and men.
Residual Volume
Residual volume is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximum exhalation. It ensures continuous gas exchange and prevents the lungs from collapsing completely.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Respiratory Distress Syndrome is a serious lung condition causing acute breathing difficulty. It commonly affects premature newborns or occurs as a complication of severe illness.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the Newborn
Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the Newborn is a serious lung condition in premature infants caused by surfactant deficiency, requiring intensive medical care immediately after birth.
Respiratory Tract
The respiratory tract is the system of nose, throat, larynx, trachea, and bronchi that transports air to the lungs and enables gas exchange.
Restless Legs Syndrome
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological condition causing an uncomfortable urge to move the legs, especially during rest and at night.
Restorative Sleep
Restorative sleep is sleep that allows the body and mind to fully recover. It is essential for health, performance, and overall well-being.
restoring hormonal balance
Restoring hormonal balance means supporting the body´s hormone equilibrium. Learn about effective strategies involving nutrition, lifestyle, and medical care.
Resuscitation
Resuscitation refers to life-saving emergency measures applied during cardiac or respiratory arrest to restore circulation and breathing.
Resveratrol
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol found in various plants, especially grapes, berries, peanuts and some plant extracts.
Retatrutide
Retatrutide is an investigational drug for obesity and type 2 diabetes that simultaneously activates three gut hormone receptors: GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon.
Reticulocyte Analysis
Reticulocyte analysis is a blood test used to evaluate red blood cell production in the bone marrow. It measures immature red blood cells and aids in diagnosing anemia.
Reticulocyte Count
The reticulocyte count measures the number of immature red blood cells circulating in the blood. It is a key marker for assessing bone marrow activity and red blood cell production.
Reticulocytes
Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells that circulate in the blood as the final precursor stage before becoming mature erythrocytes. Their count reflects the activity of red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
Reticuloendothelial System
The reticuloendothelial system (RES) is a network of specialized immune cells that identifies and eliminates pathogens, foreign substances, and dead cells throughout the body.
Retinal Detachment
Retinal detachment is a serious eye condition in which the retina separates from the back of the eye and can lead to permanent vision loss if left untreated.
Retinol in skin care
Retinol is a form of vitamin A that is widely used in skin care products due to its many positive effects on the skin.
Retinopathy of Prematurity
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is an eye disease affecting premature infants in which abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina can lead to vision loss or blindness if untreated.
Revascularization
Revascularization refers to medical procedures aimed at restoring blood flow to a tissue or organ with insufficient circulation due to vessel narrowing or blockage.
Rhesusfaktor
Der Rhesusfaktor ist ein vererbtes Merkmal auf der Oberfläche roter Blutkörperchen, das im Rahmen der Blutgruppenbestimmung als positiv oder negativ eingestuft wird.
Rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can occur as a complication of untreated streptococcal angina (sore throat) or other infections with the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes.
Rheumatism
Rheumatism is a collective term for a variety of diseases that primarily affect joints, muscles, tendons and connective tissue.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that mainly affects the joints, but can also damage other organs and tissues in the body.
Rhinitis atrophicans
Rhinitis atrophicans is a chronic nasal condition characterized by progressive atrophy of the nasal mucosa and underlying bone, leading to crusting and an enlarged nasal cavity.
Rhinolalia aperta
Rhinolalia aperta is a speech disorder in which air escapes through the nose during speaking, giving the voice an excessively nasal quality. It is often caused by a cleft palate or weakness of the soft palate.
Rhinolalia clausa
Rhinolalia clausa is a voice resonance disorder in which nasal resonance is reduced. Affected individuals sound as if they have a permanently blocked nose.
Rhinolalia Functionalis
Rhinolalia functionalis is a functional voice disorder in which nasal resonance during speech is abnormally altered without any organic cause. It manifests as a nasal or twangy quality of the voice.
Rhinorrhea
Rhinorrhea refers to the excessive discharge of fluid from the nose, commonly known as a runny nose. It is a frequent symptom of colds, allergies, and infections.
Rhinotillexomania
Rhinotillexomania is a compulsive nose-picking disorder that goes beyond normal behavior and is classified as a mental health condition. Those affected struggle to control the urge.
Rhodiola rosea
Rhodiola rosea, auch bekannt als Rosenwurz, ist eine Heilpflanze aus kalten Regionen Europas und Asiens.
Rhus toxicodendron
Rhus toxicodendron is a homeopathic remedy derived from poison ivy. It is traditionally used for joint and muscle pain as well as skin rashes.
Rib Contusion
A rib contusion is a painful chest injury caused by blunt force trauma to the ribs without an actual fracture. Learn about symptoms, causes, and treatment options.
Riboflavin
Riboflavin, also known as Vitamin B2, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for energy metabolism, cell growth, and protection against oxidative stress.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is essential for energy production, cell protection and metabolism. Find out more about its effects, deficiency symptoms and health benefits.
Riboflavin Absorption
Riboflavin absorption describes the uptake of vitamin B2 from the intestine into the bloodstream. It is essential for energy metabolism and numerous physiological processes.
Riboflavin Deficiency
Riboflavin deficiency is a lack of vitamin B2 that can cause skin lesions, cracked mouth corners, and eye problems. A balanced diet helps prevent this condition.
Riboflavin Intake
Riboflavin intake refers to the daily consumption of Vitamin B2 through food and supplements. Adequate intake is essential for energy metabolism and cellular health.
Riboflavin Kinase
Riboflavin kinase is an enzyme that converts riboflavin (vitamin B2) into its active form flavin mononucleotide (FMN), playing a key role in energy metabolism.
Riboflavin Kinase Activity
Riboflavin kinase activity refers to the enzymatic function of riboflavin kinase, which converts vitamin B2 into its active form FMN, playing a key role in energy metabolism.
Riboflavin Kinase Analysis
Riboflavin kinase analysis is a diagnostic method used to measure the activity of the enzyme riboflavin kinase, which converts vitamin B2 into its active coenzyme form.
Riboflavin Kinase Inhibition
Riboflavin kinase inhibition refers to the blocking of the enzyme riboflavin kinase, which converts vitamin B2 into its active form. This inhibition affects energy metabolism and essential cellular processes.
Riboflavin Kinase Profile
The riboflavin kinase profile describes the activity and expression of the enzyme riboflavin kinase, which converts riboflavin (vitamin B2) into its biologically active form.
Riboflavin Kinase Status
Riboflavin kinase status describes the activity of the enzyme riboflavin kinase and reflects how efficiently the body activates vitamin B2 for essential metabolic functions.
Riboflavin Metabolism
Riboflavin metabolism describes how the body absorbs, activates, and uses riboflavin (vitamin B2) – an essential process for energy production and numerous biochemical reactions.
Rice protein powder
Rice protein powder is made from wholegrain rice or rice germ and is a vegan source of protein that is particularly popular with people with lactose intolerance, gluten intolerance or a vegan lifestyle.
Rice Syrup
Rice syrup is a natural sweetener derived from fermented rice. It is used as a sugar alternative in foods and has a mild, slightly caramel-like flavor.
Right Bundle Branch Block
Right bundle branch block (RBBB) is a cardiac conduction disorder in which electrical impulses through the right bundle branch are delayed or blocked, typically detected on an ECG.
Ringelflechte
Die Ringelflechte ist eine ansteckende Hautinfektion, die durch Pilze der Gattung Dermatophyten verursacht wird und charakteristische ringförmige Hautveränderungen hervorruft.
Risk Profile
A risk profile summarizes individual factors that increase a person´s likelihood of developing disease. It helps physicians plan targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
Risperidone
Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism spectrum disorder.
Rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban is a prescription anticoagulant medication belonging to the class of direct oral anticoagulants. It is used to prevent and treat blood clots such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
RKI Flu Wave
Der Begriff RKI Grippewelle bezeichnet die von dem Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) offiziell festgestellte Phase erhöhter Influenza-Aktivität in Deutschland.
Roemheld Syndrome
Das Roemheld-Syndrom beschreibt eine funktionelle Störung, bei der es durch übermäßige Gasansammlungen im Magen-Darm-Trakt zu Herzbeschwerden kommen kann.
Root Preparation
Root preparations are plant-based products derived from the roots of medicinal plants. They contain bioactive compounds and are widely used in herbal medicine and as dietary supplements.
Rose hip extract
Rosehip extract comes from the rosehip fruit of the dog rose. It is rich in vitamin C, antioxidants and flavonoids but cannot be eaten directly from the bush.
Roseola Infantum
Roseola infantum is a common viral illness in infants and toddlers, characterized by several days of high fever followed by a distinctive skin rash.
Rosuvastatin
Rosuvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering medication belonging to the statin drug class. It is used to treat high blood lipid levels and to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Rotational Angioplasty
Rotational angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat severely calcified coronary arteries by using a high-speed rotating diamond-tipped burr to remove deposits.
Rotator Cuff
The rotator cuff stabilizes your shoulder joint. Learn more about pain, common injuries, and effective exercises for strengthening and rehabilitation.
Rotator Cuff Tear
A rotator cuff tear is an injury to the tendons surrounding the shoulder joint. It causes pain and weakness and can result from acute trauma or gradual wear and tear.
Rotator Cuff Tear
A rotator cuff tear is a common cause of shoulder pain and weakness. Learn about symptoms, causes, treatment options and rehabilitation strategies.
Rovsing Sign
The Rovsing sign is a clinical examination finding used to help diagnose appendicitis. It is positive when pressure on the left lower abdomen causes pain in the right lower abdomen.
RSV Infection
RSV infection is a respiratory illness caused by the Respiratory Syncytial Virus, primarily affecting infants, young children, and older adults.
Runny Nose
Fließschnupfen bezeichnet eine Form des Schnupfens, bei der klarer, wässriger Nasenausfluss im Vordergrund steht.
Die neusten Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryDelta-Aminolevulinic Acid
Delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid that serves as the key precursor in heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis, with important diagnostic and therapeutic applications in medicine.
Iodine Metabolism Protein
Iodine metabolism proteins are proteins involved in the transport, uptake, and utilization of iodine in the human body. They play a central role in thyroid gland function.
Quercetin Biosynthesis Pathway
The quercetin biosynthesis pathway describes the plant-based route by which the flavonoid quercetin is synthesized from simple precursors such as phenylalanine via the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolic pathways.
Die meistgelesenen Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryMagnesiumcarbonat
Magnesiumcarbonat ist eine anorganische Magnesiumverbindung mit säure-neutralisierender (antazidischer) Wirkung. Erfahre mehr über Vorteile, Einsatzgebiete und Unterschiede zu besser resorbierbaren Magnesiumformen.
Cologne list
The Cologne List ® is an important initiative in competitive sports that offers athletes guidance in the selection of nutritional supplements.
Calorie content
The choice of food influences our energy intake. The calorie content varies greatly - some provide little energy, others a lot.