Rotator Cuff Tear – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options
A rotator cuff tear is a common cause of shoulder pain and weakness. Learn about symptoms, causes, treatment options and rehabilitation strategies.
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A rotator cuff tear is a common cause of shoulder pain and weakness. Learn about symptoms, causes, treatment options and rehabilitation strategies.
Rotator Cuff Tear: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
The rotator cuff is composed of four muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint. Tears, especially of the supraspinatus tendon, may occur either partially or fully and lead to pain and dysfunction.
Causes include degenerative wear, acute trauma (e.g. fall on the arm), or repetitive overhead activities common in sports or certain occupations.
Symptoms
- Gradual or sudden shoulder pain, especially during overhead motion
- Weakness and reduced active mobility
- Night pain, especially when lying on the affected side
- Audible popping or clicking during movement
- Complete tears may prevent active arm elevation
Diagnosis
- Clinical tests (e.g. Jobe, Lift-off, Drop arm test)
- Ultrasound or MRI for tendon visualization
- X-ray to assess bony structures and degeneration
Treatment Options
Conservative (partial tears or low-demand patients):
- Physical therapy to strengthen intact muscles
- Pain control with cold therapy, NSAIDs, possibly injections
- Postural correction and coordination training
Surgical (complete tears or young active patients):
- Arthroscopic tendon repair
- Immobilization post-op, followed by a structured rehab plan
- Recovery over several months is typical
Rehabilitation
- Initial phase: passive movement, lymph drainage, pain control
- Mid-phase: isometric exercises, scapular stabilization
- Late phase: strengthening rotator cuff, functional return
Structured physiotherapy is essential for full recovery.
Scientific References
- Jost B et al. (2006): Surgical outcomes after rotator cuff repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am
- Tempelhof S et al. (1999): Age-based prevalence of rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg
- Kuhn JE (2009): Conservative vs. surgical approaches. Am J Sports Med
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