Home Home

Glossar: D

Do you have questions about specific symptoms or ingredients? Our glossary provides an A-to-Z guide to your health.

Interested in regular tips & information about health? Regular tips & information about health?
Lexicon Navigation

D

202 Posts in this encyclopedia category

D-Mannose

D-Mannose is a naturally occurring simple sugar primarily used for the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections. It is found in various fruits and is widely available as a dietary supplement.

D-Ribose

D-Ribose is a naturally occurring simple sugar that plays a central role in cellular energy production and is widely used as a dietary supplement.

DAAO (Deutsch-Amerikanische Akademie für Osteopathie e.V.)

Die DAAO (Deutsch-Amerikanische Akademie für Osteopathie e.V.) ist eine ärztlich ausgerichtete Fachgesellschaft für Ausbildung, Weiterbildung und Austausch im Bereich der osteopathischen Medizin.

Dabigatran

Dabigatran is an oral anticoagulant (blood thinner) belonging to the class of direct thrombin inhibitors. It is used to prevent strokes and blood clots in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Dark circles

Dark circles are dark discolourations under the eyes that can be caused by various factors.

Dark Circles Under the Eyes

Dark circles under the eyes refer to dark shadows or discoloration around the eye area. Learn about causes, treatment options, and prevention.

Dark Field Microscopy

Dark field microscopy is a specialized light microscopy technique in which objects appear bright against a dark background due to oblique illumination. It is used in medicine to examine living microorganisms without staining.

Dark Therapy

Dark therapy is a therapeutic method in which individuals spend a defined period in complete darkness to regulate the nervous system, balance hormones, and support deep physical and mental regeneration.

Date Sugar

Date sugar is a natural sweetener made from dried, ground dates. It retains fiber, minerals, and antioxidants, making it a nutritious alternative to refined sugar.

Date Syrup

Date syrup is a natural sweetener made from concentrated date juice. It contains minerals, fiber, and antioxidants, making it a popular alternative to refined sugar.

Dawn Phenomenon

The dawn phenomenon refers to an early morning rise in blood glucose levels in people with diabetes, triggered by hormonal activity during the early morning hours.

DD

DD stands for differential diagnosis – the systematic process of distinguishing between possible medical conditions that could explain a patient´s symptoms and findings.

DDH (Dachverband Deutscher Heilpraktikerverbände e.V.)

Der DDH (Dachverband Deutscher Heilpraktikerverbände e.V.) ist eine übergeordnete Interessenvertretung, die mehrere Heilpraktikerverbände in Deutschland bündelt.

Deamination

Deamination is a biochemical process in which an amino group is removed from an organic molecule, releasing ammonia. It plays a key role in amino acid and nucleotide metabolism.

Debridement

Debridement is a medical procedure to remove dead tissue, foreign material, or wound debris, promoting wound healing and reducing infection risk.

Decarboxylase

Decarboxylases are enzymes that remove carboxyl groups from organic molecules, releasing CO2. They play a key role in metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis.

Decene

Decene is an organic chemical compound belonging to the group of alkenes with ten carbon atoms. It occurs in several isomers and is widely used in the chemical industry as a precursor for synthetic compounds.

Décolleté Care

Décolleté care refers to the targeted skincare of the chest and neck area. This skin zone is particularly sensitive and requires regular moisturization and sun protection.

Decompressive Craniectomy

Decompressive craniectomy is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to relieve life-threatening increases in intracranial pressure.

Deep Radiation Therapy

Deep radiation therapy is a form of radiotherapy that uses high-energy beams to treat tumors located deep within the body. It is one of the most important methods in modern cancer treatment.

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein of the leg. It can lead to serious complications such as pulmonary embolism if left untreated.

Defiance Phase

The defiance phase is a normal developmental stage in toddlers between 1 and 4 years of age, characterized by temper tantrums and a strong sense of self-will.

Defibrillation

Defibrillation is a medical procedure in which a controlled electric shock is delivered to the heart to restore a normal heart rhythm during a life-threatening cardiac emergency.

Degeneration

Degeneration in medicine refers to the progressive deterioration or breakdown of cells, tissues, or organs. It can result from aging, disease, or environmental factors.

Degeneration Markers

Degeneration markers are biological indicators that signal the breakdown or damage of tissues and organs. They are used in diagnostics to detect degenerative diseases at an early stage.

Degenerative Joint

A degenerative joint refers to a condition in which joint structures such as cartilage and bone are broken down due to wear and tear. Pain and restricted movement are typical consequences.

Degree of Acetylation

The degree of acetylation describes how extensively a substance has been chemically acetylated. It plays a key role in metabolism, pharmacology, and epigenetics.

Dehiscence

Dehiscence refers to the separation or rupturing of a surgical wound or suture line. It is a potential complication following surgical procedures.

Dehydration

Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. It can cause fatigue, dizziness, and in severe cases, life-threatening complications.

Dehydration

Dehydration is a condition in which the body loses more fluid than it takes in. Even mild dehydration can cause symptoms and, if left untreated, may become life-threatening.

Dehydroepiandrosterone

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a natural steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, acting as a precursor to sex hormones and playing a key role in metabolism and aging.

Dekubitus

Ein Dekubitus ist eine lokale Schädigung der Haut und des darunterliegenden Gewebes, die durch anhaltenden Druck oder Druck in Kombination mit Scherkräften entsteht.

Deltamethrin

Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide widely used in pest control and public health. It acts on the nervous system of insects and is considered relatively safe for humans when used correctly.

Dementia

Dementia is a brain condition that causes a progressive decline in memory, thinking, and the ability to perform everyday tasks. It primarily affects older adults.

Demineralized Whey Powder

Demineralized whey powder is a processed dairy by-product from which most mineral salts have been removed. It is primarily used in infant formula and dietetic foods.

Dendrite

Dendrites are branched extensions of nerve cells that receive electrical and chemical signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body.

Dendritic Process

A dendritic process is a branched extension of a nerve cell that receives signals from other neurons and transmits them to the cell body.

Dengue-Fieber

Dengue-Fieber ist eine durch Viren verursachte Infektionskrankheit, die durch Stechmücken übertragen wird und mit fieberhaften Beschwerden einhergeht.

Dennie-Morgan Lines

Dennie-Morgan lines are characteristic skin folds beneath the eyes, commonly seen in atopic dermatitis and considered a clinical sign of allergic conditions.

Densitometry

Densitometry is a diagnostic imaging method used to measure bone density. It helps detect osteoporosis at an early stage and assess the risk of bone fractures.

Dental prophylaxis

Dental prophylaxis includes all preventive measures designed to protect against tooth decay and gum disease while maintaining long-term oral health.

Dental Prosthetics

Dental prosthetics is the branch of dentistry focused on replacing missing or damaged teeth with artificial restorations. It aims to restore chewing function, aesthetics, and quality of life.

Dentalac

Dentalac is a dietary supplement that is often used in dentistry to support oral health.

Dentin

Dentin, also known as dentin, is the hard elastic tissue that makes up the largest part of a tooth.

Dentofacial Deformity

A dentofacial deformity is a misalignment of the jaws or bite. It can affect chewing, speech, and facial appearance, and is treated with orthodontics or corrective jaw surgery.

Deoxycorticosterone

Deoxycorticosterone is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with mineralocorticoid activity. It regulates water and electrolyte balance and serves as a precursor to aldosterone.

Depigmentation

Depigmentation refers to the loss of skin pigment (melanin), resulting in lighter or white patches on the skin. It can have many different causes.

Depression

Depression is a widespread but often misunderstood mental illness that is characterised not only by persistent depression, but also by a variety of physical and emotional symptoms.

Depression Symptoms

Depression symptoms include persistent sadness, lack of energy, and loss of interest. Learn which signs may indicate depression and when to seek professional help.

Deprivation

Deprivation bezeichnet einen Zustand des Mangels an notwendigen körperlichen, emotionalen oder sozialen Reizen und Ressourcen.

Derivation Therapy

Derivation therapy is a concept from naturopathic medicine aimed at removing harmful or disease-causing substances from the body. It encompasses various traditional and complementary medical methods.

Dermabrasion

Dermabrasion is a surgical skin resurfacing procedure in which the outermost layers of the skin are mechanically abraded to treat scars, wrinkles, or pigmentation changes.

Dermatoglyphics

Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of skin ridge patterns on fingers, palms, and soles. It has important applications in medicine, genetics, and forensics.

Dermatohistology

Dermatohistology is the microscopic examination of skin tissue. It is used to diagnose skin diseases, tumors, and inflammatory conditions based on tissue samples.

Dermatomycosis

Dermatomycosis is a fungal infection of the skin caused by various types of fungi. It commonly presents with redness, scaling, and itching on affected skin areas.

Dermatosclerosis

Dermatosclerosis is a progressive hardening and thickening of the skin, most commonly caused by chronic venous insufficiency. It results from connective tissue remodeling and is a warning sign of advanced vascular disease.

Dermatotoxic

Dermatotoxic refers to substances or influences that have a damaging or poisonous effect on the skin, including chemicals, medications, and environmental toxins.

Dermoepidermal

Dermoepidermal refers to the junction zone between the dermis and epidermis of the skin. This transitional layer plays a key role in skin structure and various skin conditions.

Desensitisation Injection

A desensitisation injection is a specific immunotherapy used to treat allergies. It gradually reduces the immune system´s overreaction to allergens for long-term relief.

Desensitization

Desensitization is a medical therapy for treating allergies by gradually exposing the immune system to allergens, reducing overreactions long-term.

Desensitization Therapy

Desensitization therapy is a medical treatment that gradually accustoms the immune system to specific allergens. It aims to provide long-term relief from allergic symptoms.

Desloratadine

Desloratadine is a second-generation antihistamine used to treat allergic conditions such as hay fever and chronic hives. It is non-sedating and generally well tolerated.

Detox

Detox, short for detoxification, is a process designed to support the body's natural detoxification process.

Detox Enzyme

Detox enzymes are proteins produced by the body that help break down and eliminate harmful substances. They play a key role in protecting cells from toxic compounds.

Detox Protein

Detox protein refers to high-protein foods or supplements intended to support the body´s natural detoxification processes and liver function.

Detoxification

Detoxification refers to medical and naturopathic procedures aimed at removing harmful substances, toxins, or metabolic waste products from the body.

Detoxification

Detoxification is the biological process by which the body breaks down and eliminates harmful substances. The liver, kidneys, and other organs play a central role in this process.

Detoxification cure

Detoxification cures support the liver, kidneys and intestines in the elimination of harmful substances;

Detoxification Protocol

A detoxification protocol is a structured plan designed to support the body's natural detox organs and processes through nutrition, lifestyle changes, and targeted supplementation.

Detrusor

The detrusor is the smooth muscle of the urinary bladder wall that contracts to expel urine during urination. It plays a key role in both bladder storage and controlled emptying.

Development of the Male Reproductive Organs

The development of the male reproductive organs begins during embryonic life and includes the formation of the testes, penis, and epididymis, driven by hormonal and genetic factors.

Dexamethasone

Dexamethasone is a synthetic corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. It is used to treat a wide range of conditions including allergic reactions, autoimmune disorders, and severe inflammation.

Dexpanthenol

Dexpanthenol ist die alkoholische Form von Pantothensäure (Vitamin B5).

Dextromethorphan

Dextromethorphan is a cough-suppressant active ingredient found in many over-the-counter cold and flu medicines. It acts directly in the brain to reduce the urge to cough.

Dextrose

Dextrose, auch bekannt als Traubenzucker oder Glukose, ist ein einfacher Zucker (Monosaccharid), der als wichtigste Energiequelle des Körpers dient.

DGA

The DGA refers to the German Society of Angiology – Society for Vascular Medicine.

DGKO (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder-Osteopathie)

Die DGKO (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder-Osteopathie e.V.) ist eine medizinisch-fachliche Gesellschaft zur Förderung, Weiterbildung und Qualitätssicherung der osteopathischen Behandlung von Kindern.

DGOM (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Osteopathische Medizin e.V.)

Die DGOM (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Osteopathische Medizin e.V.) ist eine medizinische Fachgesellschaft zur Förderung, Weiterbildung und wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit osteopathischer Medizin in Deutschland.

DHA

DHA contributes to the maintenance of normal brain function and vision and supports heart health. The positive effect occurs with a daily intake of 250 mg DHA.

Dhea

DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) is a natural hormone produced by the adrenal glands. It serves as a precursor to estrogen and testosterone and is widely used as a dietary supplement.

Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus, or diabetes for short, is a chronic metabolic disease characterised by impaired insulin production or insulin resistance.

Diabetic Foot

Diabetic foot is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus caused by nerve damage and poor circulation, leading to wounds, infections, and in severe cases, amputation.

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is an eye disease caused by diabetes that damages the retina and can lead to blindness if left untreated.

Diagnostic Agent

A diagnostic agent is a substance or method used to identify and diagnose diseases or medical conditions. It includes laboratory tests, imaging agents, and other diagnostic tools.

Diagnostic Puncture

A diagnostic puncture is a minimally invasive medical procedure in which a needle is used to withdraw fluid or tissue from the body for laboratory analysis and disease diagnosis.

Dialysis

Die Dialyse ist ein medizinisches Verfahren zur Blutreinigung, das eingesetzt wird, wenn die Nieren ihre Filterfunktion nicht mehr ausreichend erfüllen können.

Diamine oxidase

Diamine oxidase (DAO) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the breakdown of histamine in the body.

Diaminopyrimidine

Diaminopyrimidines are a class of chemical compounds used as active pharmaceutical ingredients, primarily as antibiotics and antiparasitic agents.

Diaminopyrimidine Derivative

Diaminopyrimidine derivatives are synthetic compounds that act as antifolates and are used as antibiotics and antiparasitic agents in clinical medicine.

Diaper Dermatitis

Diaper dermatitis is a common skin inflammation in the diaper area of infants and toddlers, caused by moisture, friction, and irritants from urine and stool.

Diaphragm

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle tendon plate that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.

Diaphragm Paresis

Diaphragm paresis is a partial or complete paralysis of the diaphragm, the main breathing muscle, which can significantly impair respiratory function. It is most commonly caused by nerve damage.

Diaphragmatic Breathing

Diaphragmatic breathing is a breathing technique that actively engages the diaphragm. It promotes relaxation, improves oxygen supply, and is widely used in therapeutic settings.

Diaphragmatic Breathing

Diaphragmatic breathing, also called belly breathing or abdominal breathing, is a breathing technique that uses the diaphragm muscle to breathe deeply and efficiently, improving oxygen intake and promoting relaxation.

Diaphragmatic Hernia

A diaphragmatic hernia is a defect in the diaphragm that allows abdominal organs to enter the chest cavity. It can be congenital or acquired and often requires surgical correction.

Diarrhea

Diarrhea means passing loose or watery stools three or more times a day. It can be acute or chronic and has many causes, ranging from infections to chronic bowel conditions.

Diastasis

A group of enzymes that catalyses the breakdown of starch to maltose. It supports the digestion of carbohydrates and promotes energy production.

Diastasis Recti

Diastasis recti is a separation of the two parallel bands of the rectus abdominis muscle along the midline. It commonly occurs after pregnancy and may cause back pain, core weakness, and abdominal discomfort.

Diastolic Dysfunction

Diastolic dysfunction is a cardiac condition in which the left ventricle fails to relax and fill properly. It is a leading cause of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Diazepam

Diazepam is a sedative medication belonging to the benzodiazepine class. It is used to treat anxiety disorders, muscle spasms, seizures, and as a pre-anesthetic agent.

Diclofenac

Diclofenac is an anti-inflammatory painkiller belonging to the group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), used to treat pain, inflammation, and fever.

Diet

A diet is a conscious way of eating that is carried out either to lose weight, to improve health or for medical reasons.

Diet Fasting

Diet fasting refers to a deliberate, time-limited reduction in food intake aimed at weight loss or health improvement. Common methods include intermittent fasting and therapeutic fasting.

Dietary Change

A dietary change refers to the deliberate adjustment of daily eating habits with the goal of sustainably improving health, well-being, or body weight.

Dietary fiber

Ballaststoffe sind unverdauliche Bestandteile pflanzlicher Lebensmittel, die im Dünndarm nicht abgebaut werden, aber im Dickdarm wichtige Funktionen erfüllen.

Dietary Fibre

Dietary fibre consists of indigestible plant components that support healthy digestion, promote gut health, and contribute to overall well-being.

Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate

Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate (DHHB) is a synthetic chemical UV filter used in sunscreen products to protect the skin from harmful UV-A radiation.

Diethylhexyl Butamido Triazone

Diethylhexyl Butamido Triazone is a synthetic chemical UV filter used in sunscreen products to protect the skin from harmful UVB radiation.

Difference Between CT and MRI

CT and MRI are both medical imaging techniques. The key difference is the technology: CT uses X-rays, while MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create images.

Differential Blood Count

A differential blood count is a laboratory test that breaks down the types of white blood cells in the blood. It helps doctors identify infections, immune disorders, and blood diseases.

Differential Diagnosis

A differential diagnosis is a systematic medical process in which doctors evaluate and rule out possible conditions to identify the most likely cause of a patient´s symptoms.

Differential Diagnostics

Differential diagnostics is a systematic medical process in which doctors compare possible conditions to identify the correct diagnosis for a patient.

Differential Therapy

Differential therapy refers to the targeted selection of the most suitable treatment method for a patient based on individual factors such as diagnosis, disease progression, and comorbidities.

Differentiation Therapy

Differentiation therapy is an oncological treatment approach that encourages malignant cancer cells to mature rather than directly destroying them. It is primarily used in certain types of leukemia.

Difficulty Concentrating

Difficulty concentrating refers to a reduced ability to focus attention on a task for a sustained period. It can result from many underlying causes.

Difucosyllactose Mixture

The difucosyllactose mixture is a group of human milk oligosaccharides naturally found in breast milk that act as prebiotics, supporting infant gut development and immune maturation.

DiGeorge Syndrome

DiGeorge syndrome is a congenital condition caused by a genetic deletion on chromosome 22, affecting the immune system, heart, and overall development.

Digestion

Digestion is a complex biological process in which the body breaks down the ingested food into usable nutrients and utilises them for energy, cell building and metabolic processes.

Digitalis

Digitalis refers to heart-active compounds derived from the foxglove plant, used to treat heart failure and certain cardiac arrhythmias.

Dignity (Medical)

In medicine, dignity (dignitas) refers to the biological nature of a tissue finding, classifying it as benign, malignant, or borderline. It is key for diagnosis and treatment.

Dihydromyricetin

Dihydromyricetin ist ein natürliches Flavonoid, das vor allem aus der japanischen Rosine (Hovenia dulcis) gewonnen wird.

Dihydrotestosterone

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is a potent male sex hormone derived from testosterone that plays a key role in male development and is linked to hair loss and prostate conditions.

Dihydroxyacetone

Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is a simple sugar compound used as the active ingredient in self-tanning products, giving the skin a tan without sun exposure.

DIM (Diindolylmethane)

DIM (Diindolylmethane) is a bioactive plant compound derived from cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli. It influences hormone balance and is studied for its role in estrogen metabolism and cancer prevention.

Dimenhydrinate

Dimenhydrinate is an antiemetic and antihistamine used to prevent and treat nausea, vomiting, and dizziness, especially in motion sickness. It is widely available without a prescription.

Dimethylaminoethanol

Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) is a naturally occurring compound found in the brain and certain foods, known as a precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Diphosphonate

Diphosphonates are medications that inhibit bone resorption and are used to treat osteoporosis, bone metastases, and related conditions.

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract and can be life-threatening if untreated.

Disc Prolapse

A disc prolapse, or herniated disc, occurs when the soft inner core of a spinal disc pushes through its outer layer, pressing on nearby nerves and causing back pain, numbness, or weakness.

Disease Risk

Disease risk describes the probability that a person will develop a specific illness. It is influenced by genetic, lifestyle-related, and environmental factors.

Disinfectant

Disinfectants are substances that kill or inactivate pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They are used in medicine, healthcare, and everyday life to prevent the spread of infections.

Dissimilation

Dissimilation refers to the catabolic metabolism in the human body, where organic compounds are broken down to release energy for vital functions.

Disturbance of Consciousness

A disturbance of consciousness describes an impairment of wakefulness or awareness. It can range from mild confusion to complete unconsciousness and always requires medical evaluation.

Diuresis

Diuresis refers to the production and excretion of urine by the kidneys. It is a key indicator of kidney function and the body´s fluid balance.

Diuretic

A diuretic is a medication that increases urine production by the kidneys, promoting the excretion of water and salts. It is used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and fluid retention.

Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis causes abdominal pain, digestive problems and fever. Find out why women are more frequently affected and how diet and gut health can help.

Diverticulosis

Diverticulosis is a condition in which small pouches called diverticula form in the wall of the colon. It is very common and usually causes no symptoms.

Dixosins

Dioxins are highly toxic organic environmental pollutants that form as by-products of industrial processes or waste incineration.

Dizygotic

Dizygotic twins develop from two separately fertilized eggs and are genetically distinct. They are commonly known as fraternal twins.

Dizziness

Schwindel ist ein Sinneseindruck gestörter Balance oder Bewegung, der häufig mit Unsicherheit, Schwanken oder Drehgefühl einhergeht.

DMSO

DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) is an organic sulfur compound with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, widely used in medicine and biomedical research.

DMSO (Dimethylsulfoxid)

DMSO steht für Dimethylsulfoxid, eine organische Schwefelverbindung mit ausgeprägten lösungsmittel- und durchdringungsfördernden Eigenschaften.

DMT1 Transporter

The DMT1 transporter is a membrane protein that transports iron and other metal ions across cell membranes, playing a central role in intestinal iron absorption.

DNA

Die DNA trägt die genetische Information allen Lebens. Erfahre, wie sie aufgebaut ist, funktioniert und warum sie für Forschung und Medizin so wichtig ist.

dolo dobendan

Dolo Dobendan is an over-the-counter medication used to relieve sore throats. It contains benzocaine and cetylpyridinium chloride, providing local anaesthetic and antiseptic effects.

Dopamine

Learn about dopamine: role in reward, motivation, and health, links to disorders, and natural support through amino acid complexes, diet, and sleep.

Dopamine Antagonist

A dopamine antagonist is a substance that blocks the effects of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. It is used to treat conditions such as schizophrenia, nausea, and gastroparesis.

Dopamine Deficiency

Dopamine deficiency refers to abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain, which can cause low motivation, mood disorders, and movement problems.

Dopamine Release

Dopamine release is a key brain process in which the neurotransmitter dopamine is discharged, influencing motivation, reward, mood, and overall well-being.

Dopaminfasten

Dopaminfasten ist eine moderne Praxis zur Reduktion externer Reize, die auf den bewussten Verzicht stimulierender Aktivitäten abzielt, um dem Gehirn eine Art „Reset“ zu ermöglichen.

Dornwarze

Dornwarzen sind schmerzhafte Warzen an den Fußsohlen, verursacht durch humane Papillomviren. Sie wachsen nach innen und sollten rechtzeitig behandelt werden, um Beschwerden und Ansteckung zu vermeiden.

Dorsal Foot Reflex

The dorsal foot reflex is a neurological deep tendon reflex elicited by tapping the top of the foot, providing insight into the integrity of the nervous system.

Dorsiflexion

Dorsiflexion is the upward movement of the foot toward the shin. It is essential for walking, running, and maintaining balance.

Dose Titration

Dose titration is the gradual adjustment of a medication dose to achieve the optimal therapeutic effect with minimal side effects for each individual patient.

Dosimetry

Dosimetry is the science of measuring and calculating radiation doses in medicine, radiation therapy, and radiation protection to ensure safe and precise use of ionizing radiation.

Double Vision Therapy

Double vision therapy treats diplopia, a condition where a person sees two images of a single object. Targeted exercises and optical aids help restore normal vision and improve quality of life.

Douglas Sign

The Douglas sign is a clinical finding during gynecological examination indicating inflammation or fluid accumulation in the pouch of Douglas.

Doxepin

Doxepin is a tricyclic antidepressant used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and chronic itching. It has mood-lifting and sedating properties.

Doxycycline

Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline class. It is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections and is generally well tolerated.

Drachter Triad

The Drachter Triad describes three classic findings in urinary bladder perforation: abdominal pain, urinary retention, and absence of urine on catheterization.

Dragon Fruit

Die Drachenfrucht ist eine tropische Frucht aus der Familie der Kakteengewächse, die durch ihr auffälliges Aussehen und ihr mild süßliches Fruchtfleisch gekennzeichnet ist.

Drainage Position

A drainage position is a specific body posture used in medicine and physiotherapy to promote the gravitational flow of secretions, fluids, or pus out of the body.

Drainage System

A drainage system is a medical device used to remove fluids, blood, pus, or gases from body cavities or wounds following surgery or during the treatment of various medical conditions.

Drainage Therapy

Drainage therapy is a medical procedure used to remove fluids, pus, or air from body cavities or wounds in a controlled manner, promoting healing and preventing complications.

Dreyfus Model

The Dreyfus Model describes five stages of skill acquisition, from novice to expert. It is widely applied in medical and healthcare education to guide training and competency assessment.

Dromotropy

Dromotropy describes the conduction velocity of electrical impulses through the heart muscle. It is a key parameter in cardiac physiology and clinical cardiology.

Droopy Eyelids

Schlupflider bezeichnen eine Erschlaffung der Haut des Oberlids, bei der sich überschüssige Haut über die natürliche Lidfalte legt.

Drop in Blood Pressure

A drop in blood pressure occurs when arterial pressure falls below normal levels. It can cause dizziness, fainting, and weakness and may require medical attention.

Drug Allergy

A drug allergy is an immune system reaction to a medication. Symptoms range from mild skin rashes to life-threatening anaphylaxis and require prompt medical attention.

Drug Interaction

A drug interaction occurs when two or more medications influence each other inside the body. This can enhance or reduce their effects, or cause unexpected and potentially dangerous side effects.

Drug Withdrawal

Drug withdrawal is the process in which a person stops using addictive substances and experiences physical and psychological symptoms as the body readjusts to functioning without the substance.

Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist

A dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist is a medication that simultaneously mimics two gut hormones and is used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is an imaging technique used to measure bone mineral density. It is the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis and assessing fracture risk.

Ductility

Ductility refers to the ability of a material to deform plastically without fracturing. In medicine, it describes the mechanical properties of biological tissues and medical implants.

Ductuli prostatici

The ductuli prostatici are small excretory ducts of the prostate gland that transport prostatic secretion into the urethra, playing a key role in seminal fluid composition.

Ductus

A ductus is a tube-like anatomical structure that transports fluids within the body. Well-known examples include the ductus choledochus and the ductus arteriosus.

Dulaglutide

Dulaglutide is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It mimics the hormone GLP-1, lowers blood sugar levels, and can support weight loss.

Duloxetine

Duloxetine is a prescription antidepressant from the SNRI class, used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and chronic pain conditions.

Duodenal Atresia

Duodenal atresia is a congenital malformation in which the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine, is completely blocked. It requires surgical treatment and is often associated with other birth defects.

Duodenal Ulcer

A duodenal ulcer is a painful sore in the lining of the duodenum. It is most commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Duodenoscopy

Duodenoscopy is an endoscopic examination of the duodenum using a specialised side-viewing endoscope. It is used to diagnose and treat conditions of the small intestine and bile ducts.

Dupuytren Contracture

Dupuytren contracture is a benign connective tissue disorder of the hand causing progressive finger flexion and limiting hand function.

Dura mater

The dura mater is the outermost and toughest of the three meninges, protecting the brain and spinal cord. It consists of dense connective tissue and forms a critical protective layer of the central nervous system.

Dural venous sinuses

The dural venous sinuses are venous channels located within the dura mater that drain blood from the brain into the jugular veins.

Durchfallerkrankung

Durchfall kann viele Ursachen haben, von Infektionen bis zu Ernährungsfehlern. Erfahre alles über Symptome, mögliche Auslöser und effektive Behandlungsmöglichkeiten.

Dust Allergy

Eine Stauballergie, genauer Hausstaubmilbenallergie, ist eine Überempfindlichkeitsreaktion des Immunsystems auf Bestandteile der Hausstaubmilbe.

Dynein

Dynein is a molecular motor protein complex found in human cells that transports cargo along microtubules and plays a central role in cell division and ciliary function.

Dysbiosis

Dysbiosis refers to an imbalance in the intestinal flora in which the natural ratio between healthy and potentially harmful intestinal bacteria is shifted.

Dyscalculia

Dyscalculia is a learning disorder characterized by persistent difficulties with numbers and basic arithmetic. It occurs regardless of overall intelligence or level of education.

Dysfunctional Breathing

Dysfunctional breathing refers to an altered breathing pattern that does not match the body´s physiological needs, causing physical and psychological symptoms.

Dysgammaglobulinaemia

Dysgammaglobulinaemia is a disorder in which the balance of gammaglobulins in the blood is disrupted, with certain immunoglobulin classes being elevated or reduced. This can significantly impair immune defence.

Dyskinesia

Dyskinesia refers to involuntary, uncontrolled movements that can be caused by neurological conditions or medications. Common areas affected include the face, arms, and trunk.

Dyslipidemia

Dyslipidemia refers to abnormal levels of lipids in the blood, including high cholesterol or triglycerides. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is often linked to lifestyle and genetic factors.

Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual cramps occurring before or during a period. It is one of the most common gynecological complaints worldwide.

Dysmetria

Dysmetria is a neurological movement disorder in which a person misjudges distances or force when reaching or pointing. It is most commonly associated with cerebellar dysfunction.

Dysphagia lusoria

Dysphagia lusoria is a rare swallowing disorder caused by a congenital vascular anomaly that compresses the esophagus from the outside, leading to difficulty swallowing.

Dysphagie

Dysphagie bezeichnet eine Störung des Schluckvorgangs, bei der feste oder flüssige Nahrung nur erschwert oder schmerzhaft geschluckt werden kann.

Dyspigmentation

Dyspigmentation refers to any disorder of normal skin coloration caused by changes in melanin production, resulting in lighter or darker patches of skin.

Dyspnoea

Dyspnoea refers to the subjective sensation of breathlessness or difficulty breathing. It can occur acutely or chronically and is a common symptom of many medical conditions.

Dysregulation

Dysregulation refers to the impaired control of biological or psychological processes in the body. It can affect emotions, the immune system, metabolism, or the nervous system.

Dyston

Dyston refers to involuntary muscle contractions that cause sustained spasms and abnormal body postures. It is a neurological movement disorder.

Die neusten Einträge

3 Posts in this encyclopedia category

Amoeba Infestation

Amoeba infestation refers to an infection caused by single-celled parasites called amoebae. The most common form is amoebiasis, caused by Entamoeba histolytica.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which diseased blood stem cells are replaced with healthy ones. It is used to treat serious blood and bone marrow disorders.

Glucocorticoid

Glucocorticoids are natural or synthetic steroid hormones with powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, widely used to treat a broad range of medical conditions.