Dentin - structure, function & significance of the dentin material
Dentin is the elastic dentin under the enamel and plays a central role in tooth stability and conduction. Exposed dentin can lead to pain-sensitive teeth.
Wissenswertes über "Dentin"
Dentin, also known as dentin, is the hard elastic tissue that makes up the largest part of a tooth.
Dentin lies under the enamel (on the crown of the tooth) and under the cement (on the root of the tooth) and surrounds the dental pulp, i.e. the soft interior of the tooth with blood vessels and nerves. Dentin consists of around 70% inorganic minerals (mainly hydroxyapatite), 20% organic matter (mainly collagen) and 10% water. It is softer than tooth enamel, but harder than bone, and plays a central role in the mechanical resilience of the tooth. A special feature of dentin are the so-called dentin tubules - microscopically fine channels that run from the pulp to the outer dentin surface. They contain nerve projections and tissue fluid that are responsible for transmitting stimuli.
When dentin is exposed - for example in the case of gum recession, enamel loss or caries - sensitivity to cold, heat, sweetness or touch can occur. This dentin hypersensitivity is a common symptom of exposed tooth necks. Dentin is formed and renewed throughout life by specialised cells called odontoblasts - but only to a limited extent. There are three types: primary dentin (formed during tooth development), secondary dentin (after tooth eruption as a slow, physiological reaction) and tertiary dentin (reactive to stimuli such as caries or trauma). The protection of dentin is crucial for dental health, because once it is exposed, the risk of pain, caries and inflammation increases.
Dental care products with fluoride, potassium nitrate or hydroxyapatite can help seal the dentinal tubules. In regenerative dentistry, the use of lactoferrin and bioactive biomaterials for dentin formation is also being researched.
Important features of dentin:
- Main component of the tooth: lies under enamel and cementum
- Consists of minerals, collagen and water
- Contains dentin tubules, responsible for pain sensation
- Three types: primary, secondary and tertiary dentine
- Important for tooth stability, stimulus transmission and regeneration
References
- Goldberg, M., & Kulkarni, A. B. (2017). ""Dentin: Structure, Composition and Mineralisation."" Frontiers in Bioscience.
- Pashley, D. H. (1996). ""Dentin permeability, dentin sensitivity, and treatment through tubule occlusion."" Journal of Endodontics.
- Schmalz, G. et al. (2019). ""Biocompatibility of biomaterials for dental tissue regeneration."" Dental Materials.
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Related search terms: Dentin + dentin