Glossar: S
Do you have questions about specific symptoms or ingredients? Our glossary provides an A-to-Z guide to your health.
S
338 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryS-Acetylglutathion
S-Acetylglutathion ist eine bioverfügbare, oral stabile Form des körpereigenen Antioxidans Glutathion, das eine zentrale Rolle im zellulären Schutz, der Entgiftung und der Immunfunktion spielt.
S-Adenosylhomocysteine
S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is a natural metabolic byproduct formed during the methylation cycle. It serves as a key biomarker for cellular methylation capacity and cardiovascular health.
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe)
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is a naturally occurring compound found throughout the body, playing a key role in metabolism and used therapeutically for joint pain, liver conditions, and depression.
Saccharomyces boulardii
Saccharomyces boulardii is a dry yeast that is contained in medicines in freeze-dried form. Saccharomyces boulardii works exclusively in the intestine. There the probiotic active ingredient colonises the intestinal wall.
Sacroiliac Joint
The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) connects the pelvis to the spine. Problems in this area often cause lower back pain and can be effectively treated with various therapies.
Sagittal Suture
The sagittal suture is a fibrous joint running along the midline of the skull, connecting the two parietal bones. It plays a key role in skull growth.
Salbutamol
Salbutamol is a short-acting bronchodilator used to relieve and prevent bronchospasm in asthma and COPD. It works rapidly to open the airways and ease breathing.
Salicylic Acid
Salicylic acid is a beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) known for its keratolytic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Salicylic Acid Derivative
Salicylic acid derivatives are chemical compounds derived from salicylic acid, widely used in medicine as pain relievers, anti-inflammatory agents, and in dermatological treatments.
Saline solution
Eine Kochsalzlösung ist eine wässrige Lösung aus Natriumchlorid und Wasser, die in Medizin und Pflege vielseitig eingesetzt wird.
Salivary flow
Salivary flow refers to the production and secretion of saliva by the salivary glands in the oral cavity.
Salivary Gland Inflammation
Salivary gland inflammation (sialadenitis) is an infection or inflammation of one or more salivary glands, commonly caused by bacteria, viruses, or salivary stones.
Salivary Glands
Salivary glands are glands located in and around the mouth that produce saliva, supporting digestion, oral hygiene, and speech.
Salmonella
Salmonella are gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family.
Salvia (Sage)
Salvia, commonly known as sage, is a medicinal herb with a long history of use. It is applied for sore throats, inflammation, and excessive sweating.
Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease in which small clusters of inflammatory cells (granulomas) form in various organs, most commonly the lungs and lymph nodes.
Satiety Signal
A satiety signal is a biochemical or neurological signal that informs the brain that the body has consumed sufficient food, thereby ending the feeling of hunger.
Savoy cabbage
Wirsing ist eine Kohlsorte mit gekräuselten Blättern, die als Gemüse in der Küche vielseitig verwendet wird.
Scalp Psoriasis
Scalp psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition causing scaling, redness, and itching on the scalp. It is not contagious and highly treatable.
Scaphocephaly
Scaphocephaly is a skull deformity in which the head appears elongated and narrow due to premature fusion of the sagittal suture.
Scapula Fracture
A scapula fracture is a break of the shoulder blade, typically caused by high-energy trauma. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for full recovery.
Scapulothoracic
Scapulothoracic refers to the functional connection between the shoulder blade (scapula) and the rib cage (thorax), essential for shoulder mobility and arm elevation.
Scar Correction
Scar correction includes medical and aesthetic procedures aimed at improving the appearance of scars. The goal is better integration with the surrounding skin tissue.
Scar Massage
Scar massage is a therapeutic technique used to improve the mobility, elasticity, and appearance of scar tissue following surgery or injury.
Scar Tissue
Scar tissue forms after injuries or surgery as part of the natural wound healing process. It consists of connective tissue and can affect the appearance and function of the skin.
Scarlet fever
Scarlet fever is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus).
Schilddrüsenunterfunktion
Die Schilddrüsenunterfunktion (medizinisch: Hypothyreose) ist eine häufige Stoffwechselstörung, bei der die Schilddrüse zu wenig Hormone produziert.
Schisandra
Schisandra (Schisandra chinensis), auch chinesisches Spaltkörbchen genannt, ist eine Heilpflanze aus der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin.
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a parasitic tropical disease caused by flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, primarily affecting the liver, intestines, and urinary tract.
Schizochytrium sp.
Schizochytrium sp. is a marine microorganism recognized as a natural source of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), widely used in dietary supplements and food production.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder affecting perception, thinking, and behavior. People with schizophrenia may experience hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.
Schleimhaut
Die Schleimhaut schützt Körperhöhlen vor Erregern und spielt eine zentrale Rolle bei Immunabwehr, Verdauung und Wundheilung. Erfahre mehr über Aufbau, Funktionen und medizinische Bedeutung.
Schleimpfropf
Der Schleimpfropf ist eine dicke, zähflüssige Schleimbarriere, die den Gebärmutterhals während der Schwangerschaft verschließt und das Eindringen von Keimen verhindert.
Schnappatmung
Schnappatmung (auch: Agonalatmung oder Agonieatmung) ist ein gestörtes, unregelmäßiges Atemmuster, das typischerweise bei einem schweren Sauerstoffmangel (Hypoxie) kurz vor dem Atemstillstand auftritt.
Schuessler salts
Schüßler-Salze sind biochemische Funktionsmittel, die auf den Arzt Wilhelm Heinrich Schüßler zurückgehen.
Sciatic Nerve
The sciatic nerve is the thickest and longest nerve in the human body. It runs from the lower back through the buttocks and down the leg, supplying large parts of the lower extremity.
Sciatic Nerve
The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the human body, supplying the leg with motor and sensory functions. Damage can cause severe pain, numbness, or paralysis.
Scleral Icterus
Scleral icterus is the yellowing of the white part of the eyes caused by elevated bilirubin levels in the blood. It is a common early sign of jaundice.
Sclerodemia
Scleroderma, also known as systemic sclerosis, is a rare autoimmune disease characterised by excessive production and deposition of collagen.
Scleroderma
Scleroderma is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes hardening and thickening of the skin and internal organs. It belongs to the group of rheumatic connective tissue diseases.
Scoliosis Symptoms
Scoliosis symptoms include visible spinal curvature, back pain, and postural asymmetries. Learn how to recognize the signs and when to seek medical advice.
Sea buckthorn
Sanddorn ist eine orangefarbene Beere des Sanddornstrauchs, die wegen ihres hohen Gehalts an bioaktiven Pflanzenstoffen als Lebensmittel und Naturprodukt genutzt wird.
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Die saisonale affektive Störung ist eine Form der Depression, die vor allem in den dunklen Herbst- und Wintermonaten auftritt.
Seasonal Allergy
Seasonal allergy is an immune system overreaction to seasonal triggers like pollen. Common symptoms include sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes.
Sebaceous gland
Sebaceous glands protect the skin, but can lead to acne if they are overactive. Find out how you can regulate sebum production and inflammation holistically.
Sebaceous Gland Activity
Sebaceous gland activity describes how actively the skin sebaceous glands produce sebum. It significantly influences skin appearance and is closely linked to acne and oily skin.
Sebaceous Gland Hyperplasia
Sebaceous gland hyperplasia is a benign enlargement of the skin sebaceous glands, appearing as soft, yellowish papules typically on the face.
Seborrhiasis
Seborrhiasis is a chronic skin condition characterised by scaly, inflamed patches of skin. It commonly affects the scalp, face, and upper body.
Seborrhoisches Ekzem
Das seborrhoische Ekzem ist eine chronisch-entzündliche Hauterkrankung, die vor allem talgdrüsenreiche Hautareale betrifft und mit Rötung sowie schuppigen Belägen einhergeht.
Second-Degree AV Block
Second-degree AV block is a cardiac conduction disorder in which some electrical impulses from the atria are partially or intermittently blocked before reaching the ventricles.
Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
Secondary hyperaldosteronism is a condition in which the body produces too much aldosterone, triggered by an external cause such as kidney disease or heart failure.
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is an overactivity of the parathyroid glands caused by persistent low calcium or vitamin D deficiency, most commonly associated with chronic kidney disease.
Secondary materials
Secondary substances (secondary plant substances) are bioactive compounds that plants produce to defend themselves against pests, protect against UV radiation or produce colour.
Secondary plant substances
Secondary plant substances are natural bioactive compounds that are produced by plants but are not directly involved in growth or energy production.
Secondary Prevention
Secondary prevention refers to measures aimed at early detection of diseases before symptoms appear, enabling timely treatment and preventing long-term complications.
Sedimentation
Sedimentation in medicine refers to the settling of blood components in a sample. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a key marker of inflammation.
Sedimentation Coefficient
The sedimentation coefficient describes how fast a particle sediments in a centrifuge. It is measured in Svedberg units (S) and is a key parameter in biochemistry and medicine.
Sedoheptulose
Sedoheptulose is a seven-carbon sugar (heptose) that plays a key role in the pentose phosphate pathway of human cellular metabolism.
Segmented Granulocyte
Segmented granulocytes are mature white blood cells with a multi-lobed nucleus. They play a key role in defending the body against bacterial and fungal infections.
Self-Management
Self-management refers to the ability to actively control one's own health. It includes strategies for coping with chronic illnesses in everyday life.
Semaglutide
Semaglutide is an active ingredient used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. It mimics the gut hormone GLP-1 to regulate blood sugar and body weight.
Semi-Recumbent Position
The semi-recumbent position is a body posture in which the upper body is elevated at an angle of 30 to 60 degrees. It is widely used in nursing care and medicine.
Senescence
Senescence is the biological process by which cells permanently stop dividing. It plays a key role in aging and the development of age-related diseases.
Sense Organ
Sense organs are specialized body structures that detect stimuli from the environment and transmit them to the brain, enabling sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.
Sensitization
Sensitization is the process by which the immune system develops a specific response to a substance, making the body susceptible to allergic reactions upon future exposure.
Sensory Cell
Sensory cells are specialized cells in the human body that detect stimuli from the environment and convert them into nerve impulses, forming the basis of all sensory perception.
Sensory Disturbance
A sensory disturbance is an altered or impaired perception of touch, pain, or temperature stimuli. It may present as numbness, tingling, or abnormal sensations in various parts of the body.
Sensory Perception
Sensory perception refers to the ability of the nervous system to detect, transmit, and process stimuli from the environment and the body. It forms the basis for touch, pain, and temperature sensation.
Sensory Processing
Sensory processing describes how the nervous system receives, filters, and interprets sensory information. Disorders in this area can significantly affect daily life and well-being.
Septal Deviation
A septal deviation is a crooked or displaced nasal septum that can cause breathing difficulties. It may be present from birth or result from injury.
Septic Arthritis
Septic arthritis is a serious joint infection caused by bacteria or other pathogens, classified as a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.
Septum oesophagotracheale
The septum oesophagotracheale is an embryonic dividing wall that separates the esophagus from the trachea during fetal development. Malformations can lead to life-threatening connections between these two structures.
Serotonergic
Serotonergic refers to anything related to the neurotransmitter serotonin, including nerve pathways, receptors, and medications that influence the serotonin system.
Serotonin Deficiency Syndrome
Serotonin Deficiency Syndrome describes a condition in which the body does not produce enough serotonin, potentially leading to mood disorders, sleep disturbances, and depression.
Serotonin Metabolism
Serotonin metabolism describes the production, function, and breakdown of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the body. It plays a key role in mood, sleep, digestion, and many other vital processes.
Sertraline
Sertraline is a prescription antidepressant belonging to the SSRI class, widely used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and other mental health conditions.
Serum Albumin
Serum albumin is the most abundant protein in human blood plasma, playing a vital role in transport and fluid balance. Low levels may indicate liver, kidney, or nutritional disorders.
Serum Ferritin
Serum ferritin is a blood test that reflects the body's iron stores. It is used to diagnose iron deficiency or iron overload.
Serum Iron
Serum iron refers to the concentration of iron measured in the liquid portion of the blood. It is a key laboratory marker used to diagnose iron deficiency or iron overload.
Serum Lipid Profile
A serum lipid profile is a blood test that measures fat levels such as cholesterol and triglycerides. It is used to assess cardiovascular risk.
Serum Protein
Serum proteins are protein molecules dissolved in blood serum that perform vital functions including transport, immune defense, and blood clotting. Their levels reflect nutritional status and organ health.
Serum Protein Analysis
Serum protein analysis is a laboratory method used to measure and separate the protein fractions in blood serum. It provides key diagnostic insights into liver disease, inflammation, immune disorders, and malignancies.
Sex Hormone
Sex hormones are naturally produced chemical messengers that regulate sexual development, reproduction, and many vital body functions. The most important include estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections passed primarily through sexual contact. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications.
Shaking trauma
Shaken baby syndrome is a severe form of child abuse in which an infant or toddler is shaken violently.
Sherren Triangle
The Sherren triangle is a clinical sign used in the diagnosis of appendicitis. It marks a triangular area of tenderness in the right lower abdomen indicating potential inflammation of the appendix.
Shingles Vaccine
Die Gürtelrose-Impfung schützt vor einer Erkrankung durch das Varizella-Zoster-Virus, das nach einer überstandenen Windpockeninfektion im Nervensystem verbleibt und später als Gürtelrose (Herpes zoster) reaktiviert werden kann.
Short Bowel Syndrome
Short bowel syndrome occurs after the loss of a large portion of the small intestine, leading to serious malabsorption of nutrients, fluids, and vitamins.
Short Cognitive Performance Test
The Short Cognitive Performance Test (SKT) is a neuropsychological assessment tool used to evaluate memory and attention deficits, commonly applied in the diagnosis and monitoring of dementia.
Short-Chain Fatty Acids
Short-chain fatty acids are natural metabolic byproducts produced in the gut through bacterial fermentation and play a key role in digestive and overall health.
Shortness of Breath
Shortness of breath (dyspnea) is the feeling of not getting enough air. It can indicate conditions affecting the lungs, heart, or other organ systems.
Shoulder Girdle
The shoulder girdle connects the arm to the trunk and enables a wide range of movement. Learn about its structure, function, and common musculoskeletal issues.
Shoulder Joint
The shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the body but also prone to injury. Learn more about its anatomy, common conditions and exercises for stability.
Shoulder Pain
Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints, caused by injuries, inflammation, or wear and tear. It can significantly limit mobility and quality of life.
Shoulder Tendon Tear
A shoulder tendon tear is a partial or complete rupture of one or more tendons in the shoulder, most commonly affecting the rotator cuff. It causes pain and limited range of motion.
Sialorrhea
Sialorrhea refers to excessive drooling or the inability to control saliva in the mouth. It is often linked to neurological conditions and can significantly affect quality of life.
Sickle Cell
Sickle cells are abnormally shaped red blood cells that occur in sickle cell disease and can obstruct blood flow throughout the body.
Sickle cell anaemia
Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic blood disorder in which the red blood cells take on an abnormal shape.
Signs of Degeneration
Signs of degeneration are clinical or imaging findings that indicate the breakdown of tissues or structures in the body. They often occur due to aging or chronic mechanical stress.
Signs of Dehydration
Signs of dehydration are physical indicators that the body lacks sufficient fluids. They range from mild dry mouth to severe confusion and loss of consciousness.
signs of heart attack
Recognizing the signs of a heart attack can save lives. Common symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and pain radiating to the arm. Learn more now.
Sildenafil
Sildenafil is a prescription medication used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. It works by relaxing blood vessels and improving blood flow.
Silent Inflammation
Silent inflammation, also known as "silent inflammation", refers to a chronic subliminal inflammatory reaction in the body that usually goes unnoticed - but contributes massively to the development of many diseases of civilisation
Simethicone
Simethicone is an antifoaming agent used to relieve bloating, gas, and a feeling of fullness by breaking up gas bubbles in the digestive tract.
Simultaneous Vaccination
Simultaneous vaccination refers to the concurrent administration of active and passive immunization against the same disease, such as rabies or tetanus, for immediate and long-term protection.
Single-Cell Therapy
Single-cell therapy is a complementary health concept in which living single-celled organisms – mainly microalgae or bacteria – are used to support health and well-being.
sinupret forte
Sinupret forte is a herbal medicinal product used to treat acute and chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (sinusitis). It helps liquefy mucus and supports normal sinus drainage.
Sinus Arrhythmia
Sinus arrhythmia is an irregular heart rate originating from the sinus node, most commonly linked to breathing. It is generally considered a normal, harmless physiological finding.
Sinuses Blocked but Nose Clear
Blocked sinuses with a clear nose are a common phenomenon. Causes may include inflammation, allergies, or anatomical factors. Learn more here.
Sitagliptin
Sitagliptin is an oral antidiabetic drug belonging to the DPP-4 inhibitor class, used to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Sitkowski Sign
The Sitkowski sign is a clinical examination finding used when appendicitis is suspected. It is positive when the patient experiences right lower quadrant pain upon being turned to the left side.
SIV (Simian Immunodeficiency Virus)
SIV (Simian Immunodeficiency Virus) is a retrovirus that infects non-human primates and is considered the evolutionary predecessor of HIV. It plays a key role in HIV and AIDS research.
Sjögren Syndrome
Sjögren syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily attacks the glands producing tears and saliva, causing dry eyes and dry mouth.
Skimmed Milk Powder
Skimmed milk powder is a high-protein, low-fat powder produced by removing water from fat-free milk. It is widely used in nutrition, food production, and clinical dietetics.
Skin Barrier Function
The skin barrier function protects the body from dehydration, pathogens, and harmful substances. It is essential for healthy, resilient skin.
Skin Biopsy
A skin biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of skin tissue is removed and examined in a laboratory to diagnose skin conditions.
Skin Blood Flow
Skin blood flow refers to the circulation of blood through the extensive vascular network of the skin. It plays a key role in temperature regulation, nutrient supply, and wound healing.
Skin Collagen Structure
The skin collagen structure describes the arrangement and molecular organization of collagen fibers in the skin, providing firmness, elasticity, and youthful appearance to the tissue.
Skin Inflammation
Skin inflammation is an inflammatory reaction of the skin that causes redness, swelling, itching, or pain. It can be triggered by many different causes.
Skin microbiome
The skin microbiome protects against inflammation and pathogens. Find out how to strengthen it.
Skin rash (exanthema)
A skin rash, medically known as an exanthema, is a visible change in the skin that can be characterised by redness, swelling, blisters, wheals or scaling.
Skin Regeneration
Skin regeneration refers to the natural ability of the skin to renew and repair itself after injuries, inflammation, or the effects of aging.
Skin Sebum Regulation
Skin sebum regulation refers to the control of sebum production by the skin sebaceous glands. A balanced sebum level is essential for healthy skin and the prevention of acne.
Skullcap (Scutellaria)
Skullcap (Scutellaria) is a calming and anti-inflammatory herb used for stress, sleep issues, and chronic inflammation. Learn more about its traditional and modern uses.
Sleep apnoea
Sleep apnoea is a serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops or becomes shallow during sleep.
Sleep Architecture
Sleep architecture describes the structured sequence of sleep stages throughout the night and is essential for restorative, healthy sleep.
Sleep Deprivation
Sleep deprivation refers to a condition in which a person does not get enough sleep over a period of time. It can significantly affect physical and mental health.
Sleep disorders
With sleep disorders, those affected suffer from difficulties falling asleep, staying asleep or poor sleep quality, which can significantly impair their quality of life.
Sleep hormone
Melatonin, often referred to as the ""sleep hormone"", plays a central role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle.
Sleep Hormone
The sleep hormone, commonly known as melatonin, regulates the body's sleep-wake cycle. It is released in darkness and signals the body that it is time to sleep.
Sleep Onset Disorder
A sleep onset disorder describes the persistent difficulty of falling asleep within a normal timeframe. It can be caused by stress, underlying health conditions, or poor sleep habits.
Sleep Onset Latency
Sleep onset latency is the time it takes for a person to fall asleep after going to bed. It is a key measure of sleep quality in sleep medicine.
Sleep paralysis
Schlafparalyse ist ein Zustand zwischen Schlaf und Wachsein, bei dem Betroffene bei vollem Bewusstsein sind, sich jedoch nicht bewegen oder sprechen können.
Sleep Problems
Sleep problems refer to difficulties falling or staying asleep and can significantly impact overall health. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
Sleep Quality
Sleep quality describes how restorative and deep a person´s sleep is. Good sleep quality is essential for physical health, mental well-being, and daily performance.
Sleep Regression
Sleep regression refers to phases when babies or toddlers suddenly sleep worse than before. These phases are developmental and temporary.
Sleep Therapy
Sleep therapy refers to medical and therapeutic approaches used to treat sleep disorders. Its goal is to improve sleep quality and overall health and well-being.
Sleep-wake cycle
The sleep-wake cycle is a biological process that controls the regular changes between sleep and wakefulness.
Sleeping berry
The sleeping berry, also known as ashwagandha or Withania somnifera, is a medicinal plant that has been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for thousands of years.
Slimming syringe
The so-called weight loss injection is a colloquial term for drug injections with GLP-1 analogues, which were originally developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a hip condition in growing children where the femoral head slips off the growth plate. It most commonly affects adolescents during puberty.
Small Intestinal Atrophy
Small intestinal atrophy refers to the deterioration of the small intestine lining, severely impairing nutrient absorption. It is commonly associated with celiac disease, chronic inflammation, or malnutrition.
Smartphone Addiction
Smartphone addiction describes a compulsive, uncontrolled use of mobile phones that negatively affects daily life, sleep, and social relationships.
Smith Fracture
A Smith fracture is a break of the distal radius (forearm bone) in which the bone fragment tilts toward the palm. It is considered the reverse of a Colles fracture.
Smoker´s Lung
Smoker's lung refers to chronic lung damage caused by long-term tobacco use. It includes COPD, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis, and is one of the most common preventable diseases worldwide.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is a cell organelle without ribosomes that synthesizes lipids, detoxifies harmful substances, and regulates calcium levels.
Sneezing Urge
The sneezing urge is a reflex-driven impulse to sneeze, triggered by irritation of the nasal mucosa. It can be caused by allergies, infections, or environmental stimuli.
Sodium Chloride
Natriumchlorid (NaCl), allgemein als Kochsalz bekannt, ist eines der am häufigsten verwendeten Mineralstoffe und spielt eine zentrale Rolle im menschlichen Körper.
Sodium Citrate
Natriumcitrat ist das Natriumsalz der Zitronensäure und wird häufig als Lebensmittelzusatzstoff (E331) verwendet.
Sodium Picosulfate
Sodium picosulfate is a laxative used to treat constipation and to cleanse the bowel before medical procedures such as colonoscopy.
Sodium Salts of Guanosine-5-Phosphoric Acid
The sodium salts of guanosine-5'-phosphoric acid are food additives (E 627, E 630) used as flavor enhancers that intensify the savory umami taste in a wide range of food products.
Sodium Salts of Inosine-5'-phosphoric Acid
Sodium salts of inosine-5'-phosphoric acid are food additives (E630-E633) used as flavor enhancers that intensify the savory, umami taste in processed foods.
Sodium salts of uridine-5-phosphoric acid
Sodium salts of uridine-5-phosphoric acid are nucleotide compounds used in nutritional supplements and the food industry, playing a key role in cellular energy metabolism and RNA synthesis.
Sodium Selenate
Sodium selenate is an inorganic selenium compound used as a dietary supplement and in medicine to supply the body with the essential trace element selenium.
Soft Tissue Infiltration
Soft tissue infiltration occurs when an infusion fluid or medication unintentionally leaks into surrounding tissue instead of entering the vein.
Soft Tissue Mobilization
Soft tissue mobilization is a manual therapy technique targeting muscles, fascia, and connective tissue to relieve pain, reduce tension, and restore normal movement and function.
Soft tissue sarcoma
Soft tissue sarcomas are rare malignant tumours of the connective tissue
Solar Erythema
Solar erythema is an inflammatory reddening of the skin caused by excessive UV radiation exposure. It is commonly known as sunburn and can involve pain, swelling, and blistering.
Soledum forte
Soledum forte is a herbal medicinal product containing cineole (eucalyptol) used to treat respiratory conditions such as bronchitis and sinusitis.
Somatic Dysfunction
Somatic dysfunction refers to impaired function of body structures such as muscles, joints, or fascia. It is diagnosed and treated in osteopathy and manual medicine.
Sonic toothbrush
The sonic toothbrush is a modern electric toothbrush that works with high-frequency vibrations to clean teeth and gums particularly thoroughly.
Sonnenallergie
Eine Sonnenallergie, medizinisch als polymorphe Lichtdermatose (PLD) bezeichnet, ist eine Überempfindlichkeitsreaktion der Haut auf UV-Strahlung.
Sonnensturm
Sonnenstürme entstehen durch Eruptionen auf der Sonne und können technische Systeme auf der Erde stören. Erfahre mehr über Ursachen und mögliche Folgen.
Sonography
Sonography is a diagnostic imaging technique that uses ultrasound waves to visualize organs and tissues. It is painless, radiation-free, and widely used in medicine.
Sorbitol Intolerance
Sorbitol intolerance is a food intolerance in which the sugar alcohol sorbitol is not fully absorbed in the small intestine, causing symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
Sore Throat
A sore throat is an inflammation of the throat area causing pain, difficulty swallowing, and redness. It commonly occurs with colds or bacterial infections.
Sourdough bread
Sauerteigbrot ist ein Brot, das mithilfe eines natürlichen Gärprozesses aus Mehl und Wasser ohne industrielle Backhefe hergestellt wird.
soy protein
Soy protein is a plant-based protein derived from soybeans. It is considered a complete protein containing all essential amino acids and is widely used as a dietary supplement in vegan and vegetarian diets.
Spasticity
Spasticity is a condition of abnormal muscle stiffness caused by increased muscle tone due to damage to the central nervous system. It commonly occurs after stroke, in multiple sclerosis, or following spinal cord injuries.
Specialist in Dermatology and Venereology
A specialist in dermatology and venereology diagnoses and treats diseases of the skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes, as well as sexually transmitted infections.
Specialist in Neurology
A specialist in neurology is a physician focused on diagnosing and treating disorders of the nervous system, including conditions such as stroke, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis.
Specialist in Nuclear Medicine
A specialist in nuclear medicine uses radioactive substances for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Key procedures include PET, SPECT, scintigraphy, and radionuclide therapies.
Specialist in Ophthalmology
A specialist in ophthalmology is a medical doctor trained to diagnose and treat diseases and disorders of the eye and visual system.
Speech therapy
Logopädie ist ein therapeutisches Fachgebiet zur Diagnostik und Behandlung von Störungen der Sprache, des Sprechens, der Stimme, des Schluckens und der Kommunikation.
Spermatocele
A spermatocele is a benign, fluid-filled cyst that develops in the epididymis. It is usually painless and harmless, requiring no treatment in most cases.
Spermidine
Spermidine is an endogenous substance that stimulates autophagy and is associated with cell protection, anti-ageing and healthy ageing. Find out more about its effects and use.
Spider Naevus
A spider naevus is a benign skin lesion consisting of a central red spot with fine radiating blood vessels. It often occurs in liver disease or during pregnancy.
Spider veins
Besenreiser sind feine, oberflächliche Blutgefäße, die als kleine, sichtbare Rötungen oder bläuliche Verästelungen auf der Haut erscheinen.
Spigelian Hernia
A Spigelian hernia is a rare type of abdominal wall hernia in which tissue protrudes through a weakness along the Spigelian line, located at the outer edge of the rectus muscle.
Spinal Canal
The spinal canal is the bony channel formed by the vertebrae of the spine, protecting the spinal cord and housing the nerve roots.
Spinal Cord Compression
Spinal cord compression is a serious medical condition in which the spinal cord is damaged by external pressure. It can cause paralysis, sensory disturbances, and loss of bladder or bowel control.
Spinal Cord Injury
Spinal cord injury is a serious damage to the spinal cord resulting in complete or partial loss of motor function, sensation, and organ control below the level of injury.
Spinal Cord Injury
A spinal cord injury is damage to the spinal cord that can cause paralysis, loss of sensation, and other neurological deficits. It requires immediate medical attention.
Spinal Epidural Hematoma
A spinal epidural hematoma is a rare but serious accumulation of blood in the epidural space of the spine that can compress the spinal cord and lead to paralysis.
Spinal Osteoarthritis
Spinal osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition affecting the joints of the spine, causing pain and reduced mobility. It is one of the most common disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
Spinal Shock
Spinal shock is a transient neurological condition following acute spinal cord injury, characterized by complete loss of all motor, sensory, and reflex functions below the level of injury.
Spindle Cell
Spindle cells are elongated, spindle-shaped cells found in various tissues. In pathology, they are especially relevant as markers for certain benign and malignant tumor types.
Spinocerebellar
Spinocerebellar refers to the connection between the spinal cord and the cerebellum. Together, these structures regulate movement coordination, balance, and posture.
Spirometry
Spirometry is a lung function test that measures breathing capacity and airflow. It helps diagnose conditions such as asthma and COPD quickly and non-invasively.
Spironolactone
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic and aldosterone antagonist used to treat heart failure, high blood pressure, and fluid retention.
Splenic Artery
The splenic artery is the largest branch of the celiac trunk and supplies the spleen, pancreatic tail, and parts of the stomach with oxygenated blood.
Splenomegaly
Splenomegaly refers to an abnormal enlargement of the spleen. It is usually a sign of an underlying condition and is diagnosed through imaging.
Spondylose
Spondylose ist ein Sammelbegriff für degenerative Veränderungen der Wirbelsäule, insbesondere im Bereich der Wirbelkörper und Zwischenwirbelgelenke.
Sports Rehabilitation
Sports rehabilitation is a medical program designed to restore physical function and performance after sports injuries or surgery through targeted movement therapy.
sprained ankle
A sprained ankle occurs when the ligaments of the ankle joint are overstretched or torn. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, and limited range of motion.
Sputum pituitosum
Sputum pituitosum refers to thick, mucous sputum expectorated from the airways. It commonly occurs in bronchial and pulmonary conditions.
Sputum sanguinolentum
Sputum sanguinolentum refers to bloody or blood-tinged sputum coughed up from the respiratory tract. It may indicate various conditions affecting the lungs or bronchi.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor arising from squamous epithelial cells. It can affect the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs, requiring early diagnosis and treatment.
Squamous Epithelium
Squamous epithelium is a flat cell tissue that lines many body surfaces. It protects organs and mucous membranes and plays a key role in medical diagnostics.
St. John’s Wort
Johanniskraut (Hypericum perforatum) ist eine der bekanntesten Heilpflanzen Europas und wird traditionell zur Stärkung des seelischen Gleichgewichts verwendet.
Stapedectomy
A stapedectomy is a microsurgical procedure of the middle ear in which the fixed stapes bone is removed and replaced with a prosthesis to restore hearing in patients with otosclerosis.
Stapedius Reflex
The stapedius reflex is an involuntary protective response of the middle ear in which the stapedius muscle contracts in response to loud sounds, shielding the inner ear from damage.
Stapedoplasty
Stapedoplasty is a microsurgical procedure of the middle ear used to treat otosclerosis. The fixed stapes bone is replaced with a prosthesis to restore hearing function.
Stapedotomy
Stapedotomy is a microsurgical procedure of the middle ear used to treat otosclerosis, restoring hearing by inserting a small prosthesis into the stapes footplate.
Staphisagria
Staphisagria is a homeopathic remedy derived from stavesacre, used for emotional wounds, post-surgical healing, and urinary tract complaints.
Staphylococcal Enterotoxicosis
Staphylococcal enterotoxicosis is a form of food poisoning caused by heat-stable toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. It leads to rapid onset of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Staphylococci
Staphylococci are spherical bacteria commonly found on skin and mucous membranes. They can be harmless or cause serious infections depending on circumstances.
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus ist eine weit verbreitete Bakteriengattung, deren Erreger Hautinfektionen, Sepsis und resistente Krankenhauskeime wie MRSA verursachen können.
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium and one of the most common causes of skin, wound, and respiratory infections. Resistant strains such as MRSA pose a serious public health challenge.
Stem Cell Therapy
Stem cell therapy uses the body's own or donated stem cells to treat serious diseases. It aims to regenerate damaged tissue or rebuild a healthy immune system.
Stent Implantation
Stent implantation is a minimally invasive procedure in which a small tubular mesh device is inserted into a narrowed vessel or duct to keep it permanently open and restore normal flow.
Steroid Biosynthesis
Steroid biosynthesis is the process by which the body produces steroid hormones from cholesterol. It primarily occurs in the adrenal glands, gonads, and liver.
Steroid Rosacea
Steroid rosacea is a skin condition triggered by prolonged use of corticosteroid creams, causing facial redness, pustules, and a burning sensation.
Stinging nettle
The stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) is one of the oldest and most versatile medicinal plants in Europe.
Stoffwechsel anregen
Der Stoffwechsel (Metabolismus) umfasst alle biochemischen Vorgänge im Körper, die Energie aus Nahrung gewinnen und in Körperfunktionen umwandeln.
Stomach flu
Stomach flu, also known as gastroenteritis, is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract caused by viruses, bacteria or, more rarely, parasites.
Stomach Pain
Stomach pain refers to discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen. It is very common and often harmless, but can sometimes indicate a more serious underlying condition.
Stomach Ulcer Symptoms
Stomach ulcer symptoms include burning upper abdominal pain, nausea, and bloating. Learn which warning signs require immediate medical attention.
Stool Microbiome
The stool microbiome refers to the entirety of microorganisms found in human stool. It reflects the composition of the gut flora and serves as a key indicator of digestive and overall health.
Stool Sample
A stool sample is a laboratory test of fecal matter used to detect diseases of the digestive tract. It aids in diagnosing infections, inflammation, and bowel conditions.
stop nosebleed
Stop a nosebleed quickly and safely: Learn the correct first aid steps, what to avoid, and when to seek medical attention for a nosebleed.
Stork Bite
A stork bite is a harmless birthmark in newborns, appearing as a reddish patch on the neck, forehead, or eyelids. It usually fades on its own within the first years of life.
Strangulation (Forensic Medicine)
Strangulation in forensic medicine refers to compression of the neck by a ligature or pressure, which can lead to unconsciousness or death.
Strengthen the Immune System
Um das Immunsystem zu stärken, sollten Maßnahmen ergriffen werden, die die normale Funktion der körpereigenen Abwehr unterstützen und die Widerstandsfähigkeit gegenüber Krankheitserregern erhöhen.
Strengthening Immune Cells
Strengthening immune cells means actively supporting the body's defense system. Proper nutrition, sleep, and micronutrients help immune cells function more efficiently.
Strengthening the Pelvic Floor
Pelvic floor strengthening: targeted exercises for better stability, continence, and well-being. Ideal after childbirth, for incontinence, or as prevention.
Streptococci
Streptococci are a group of bacteria that can be responsible for a variety of infections, from harmless colds to serious illnesses such as pneumonia and even blood poisoning (septicaemia);
Streptococcus
Streptococcus is a genus of gram-positive cocci or spherical bacteria belonging to the Streptococcaceae family within the Lactobacillales order. Help to combat harmful microorganisms and stabilise the intestinal flora
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a spherical bacterium and one of the leading causes of bacterial pneumonia and meningitis worldwide. It poses a significant public health challenge across all age groups.
Stress abbauen
Stress abbauen ist essenziell für die mentale Gesundheit, das Immunsystem und einen gesunden Hormonhaushalt.
Stress Hormone
Stress hormones are chemical messengers released by the body during stressful situations. They prepare the body for fight or flight and influence many physiological functions.
Stress Management
Stressmanagement bezeichnet eine Reihe von Techniken und Strategien, die darauf abzielen, die Auswirkungen von Stress zu reduzieren und das Wohlbefinden zu fördern.
Stress Response
The stress response is the body's natural reaction to threatening or demanding situations. It triggers physical and psychological changes that prepare the body for fight or flight.
Stress Ulcer
A stress ulcer is an acute gastric lesion that develops rapidly in critically ill patients or those under severe physiological stress. It can lead to dangerous gastrointestinal bleeding.
Stretch Marks
Stretch marks are streak-like scars on the skin caused by rapid growth or weight changes. They are medically harmless but often a cosmetic concern.
Stretch marks in pregnancy
Schwangerschaftsstreifen sind streifenförmige Hautveränderungen, die durch eine starke Dehnung des Bindegewebes während der Schwangerschaft entstehen.
Stroke Risk
Stroke risk refers to the likelihood of experiencing a stroke. Key risk factors include high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, and smoking.
Stroke Symptoms
Stroke symptoms appear suddenly and include facial drooping, arm weakness, and speech difficulties. Immediate action saves lives and brain function.
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue
Subcutaneous adipose tissue is the layer of fat located directly beneath the skin, serving as an energy reserve, thermal insulation, and mechanical cushion.
Subcutaneous Injection
A subcutaneous injection is a method of delivering medication directly into the fatty tissue just beneath the skin using a fine needle. It is commonly used for insulin, anticoagulants, and various other medications.
Subdural Hematoma
A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood between the brain and the dura mater. It usually results from head injury and can be life-threatening.
Subluxation
What is a subluxation and why do our joints pop? Find out all about incomplete dislocations, causes and treatment options.
Sudden Hearing Loss
Ein Hörsturz ist ein plötzlich auftretender, meist einseitiger Hörverlust, der ohne erkennbare äußere Ursache auftritt. Betroffene berichten häufig von einem dumpfen Gefühl im Ohr, Tinnitus, Druckempfinden oder Schwindel.
Sugar Beet Syrup
Sugar beet syrup is a natural sweetener made from concentrated sugar beet juice. It contains minerals and is traditionally used as a bread spread and baking ingredient.
Sulfonamide Antibiotic
Sulfonamide antibiotics are bacteriostatic drugs that inhibit bacterial growth. They are commonly used to treat urinary tract infections and other bacterial diseases.
Sulfonylurea
Sulfonylureas are oral blood sugar-lowering medications used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. They stimulate the pancreas to release insulin.
Sulforaphane
Sulforaphan ist ein sekundärer Pflanzenstoff aus der Gruppe der Isothiocyanate, der vor allem in Brokkoli, Brokkolisprossen, Kohlrabi und anderen Kreuzblütlern vorkommt.
Sulfuric Acid
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a highly corrosive inorganic acid. Contact with skin, eyes, or mucous membranes can cause severe chemical burns and requires immediate medical attention.
Summer Flu
Die Sommergrippe ist eine virusbedingte Infektion der oberen Atemwege, die meist durch Enteroviren oder Coxsackieviren verursacht wird.
Sun Protection
Sun protection refers to measures that shield the skin from harmful UV radiation. It includes sunscreen, protective clothing, and behavioral guidelines to prevent sunburn and skin cancer.
Sun Protection Factor
The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) indicates how well a sunscreen protects the skin from UV radiation. The higher the SPF value, the greater the protection against sunburn.
Sunflower seeds
Sonnenblumenkerne sind die essbaren Samen der Sonnenblume und werden als Lebensmittel roh, geröstet oder verarbeitet verwendet.
Supplemental Nutrition
Supplemental nutrition refers to foods or preparations used to complement a regular diet by providing targeted nutrients. It is used when nutritional needs cannot be met through everyday food intake alone.
Supplementary dental prophylaxis
Supplementary dental prophylaxis refers to preventive dental measures that go beyond standard check-ups to maintain optimal oral health.
Supplements for Acne
Certain dietary supplements can support acne treatment. Discover which supplements are scientifically proven to help reduce acne breakouts.
Suprascapular Notch Syndrome
Suprascapular notch syndrome is a nerve entrapment condition where the suprascapular nerve is compressed at the scapular notch, causing shoulder pain and muscle weakness.
Supratrochlear Foramen
The supratrochlear foramen is an anatomical opening in the distal humerus found in some individuals above the trochlea, representing a normal variant with relevance in radiological imaging.
Sutura coronalis
The sutura coronalis, or coronal suture, is a fibrous joint connecting the frontal bone to the two parietal bones of the skull. It plays a key role in skull development.
Swaddle / Swaddling Bag
A swaddling bag is a specially designed wrap for newborns that snugly encloses the baby, promoting a sense of security, calmness, and better sleep.
Swallowing Difficulties
Swallowing difficulties describe problems moving food, liquids, or saliva from the mouth to the stomach. They can be mild or indicate a serious condition.
Swallowing Rehabilitation
Swallowing rehabilitation encompasses therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring or improving impaired swallowing function after illness or injury.
Swimming Pool Granuloma
Swimming pool granuloma is a rare skin infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium marinum, acquired through contact with contaminated water.
Swiss chard
Mangold ist ein Blattgemüse aus der Familie der Fuchsschwanzgewächse, das wegen seiner Blätter und Stiele als Lebensmittel genutzt wird.
Swollen Lymph Nodes
Swollen lymph nodes refer to the enlargement of one or more lymph nodes, often signaling an immune response to infection, inflammation, or in rare cases a more serious condition.
swollen lymph nodes in the neck
Swollen lymph nodes in the neck are often a sign of infection or inflammation. Learn about causes, symptoms, and when to see a doctor.
swollen lymph nodes neck one side
Swollen lymph nodes on one side of the neck are often a sign of a local infection but can also indicate other conditions. Medical evaluation is recommended.
Symphysis Pain
Symphysis pain refers to pain in the area of the pubic symphysis, a cartilaginous joint at the front of the pelvis. It is especially common during pregnancy and can severely limit mobility.
Symptoms of Magnesium Deficiency
Magnesium deficiency can cause a wide range of symptoms, from muscle cramps and fatigue to heart rhythm disturbances. Learn how to recognize the signs of low magnesium.
Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cancer often causes symptoms only at a late stage. Typical signs include jaundice, upper abdominal pain, and unexplained weight loss.
Synaptic Strength
Synaptic strength describes how effectively a nerve signal is transmitted from one neuron to another. It plays a key role in learning, memory, and overall brain function.
Synästhesie
Synästhesie ist ein neurologisches Phänomen, bei dem ein Sinnesreiz automatisch und unwillkürlich eine zusätzliche Sinneswahrnehmung auslöst.
Synbiotics
Synbiotics are combination supplements containing both probiotics and prebiotics that work together to promote gut health and support a balanced intestinal microbiome.
Syndesmotic Ligament
The syndesmotic ligament connects the tibia and fibula just above the ankle joint. Injuries to this structure are among the most common ankle injuries in sports.
Synovial Fluid Analysis
Synovial fluid analysis is a diagnostic test examining the fluid inside joints to identify conditions such as arthritis, gout, or joint infections.
Die neusten Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryThrombophlebitis
Thrombophlebitis is an inflammation of a superficial vein, usually associated with a blood clot. It causes pain, redness, and swelling along the affected vein and requires medical evaluation.
Cell Protection Factor
The cell protection factor describes the ability of certain nutrients or substances to shield body cells from harmful influences such as oxidative stress.
Intestinal Villous Damage
Intestinal villous damage refers to injury or destruction of the tiny finger-like projections lining the small intestine that are essential for nutrient absorption, often leading to malabsorption and digestive symptoms.
Die meistgelesenen Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryMagnesiumcarbonat
Magnesiumcarbonat ist eine anorganische Magnesiumverbindung mit säure-neutralisierender (antazidischer) Wirkung. Erfahre mehr über Vorteile, Einsatzgebiete und Unterschiede zu besser resorbierbaren Magnesiumformen.
Cologne list
The Cologne List ® is an important initiative in competitive sports that offers athletes guidance in the selection of nutritional supplements.
Calorie content
The choice of food influences our energy intake. The calorie content varies greatly - some provide little energy, others a lot.