Glossar: C
Do you have questions about specific symptoms or ingredients? Our glossary provides an A-to-Z guide to your health.
C
401 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryCaesarean Section
A caesarean section is a surgical procedure in which a baby is delivered through an incision in the abdomen and uterus. It is one of the most common operations worldwide.
Caesarean Section
A caesarean section is a surgical procedure in which a baby is delivered through incisions in the abdomen and uterus. It can be planned or performed as an emergency measure.
Caffeine withdrawal
Caffeine withdrawal occurs when the regular consumption of caffeine-containing drinks such as coffee, cola, black tea or energy drinks is suddenly or sharply reduced.
Calcaneal Foot Deformity
Calcaneal foot deformity (Pes calcaneus) is a foot condition where the foot is permanently dorsiflexed, causing the person to walk primarily on the heel.
Calciferol
Calciferol is the chemical name for vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin and prohormone that the body can produce through sunlight exposure and that is essential for bone health, immune function, and muscle strength.
calciferol d3
Calciferol D3 (cholecalciferol) is the natural form of vitamin D synthesized in the skin upon sunlight exposure, essential for calcium metabolism and bone health.
Calciferols
Calciferols, known as vitamin D, are essential for bones, the immune system and cell health. Find out more about forms, functions, deficiency symptoms and optimal intake.
Calcific Tendinitis of the Shoulder
Calcific tendinitis of the shoulder is a painful condition in which calcium deposits form in the tendons of the shoulder, causing significant pain and restricted movement.
Calcipotriol
Calcipotriol is a synthetic vitamin D analogue used topically to treat plaque psoriasis. It works by reducing abnormal skin cell growth and suppressing inflammation in affected areas.
Calcitriol
Calcitriol is the biologically active form of vitamin D, playing a key role in calcium and phosphate regulation. It is produced in the kidneys and is essential for bone health and immune function.
Calcium Absorption
Calcium absorption is the process by which calcium from food is taken up through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream. It is essential for bone health, muscle function, and nerve signaling, and is primarily regulated by vitamin D.
Calcium Antagonist
Calcium antagonists are medications that block calcium channels in heart and vascular muscle cells. They are primarily used to treat high blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmias, and angina pectoris.
Calcium Carbonate
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a naturally occurring calcium compound widely used as a dietary supplement, antacid, and calcium source in medicine and nutrition.
Calcium Citrate
Calciumcitrat ist eine organische Calciumverbindung, die in der Medizin und Nahrungsergänzungsmittelindustrie häufig verwendet wird.
Calcium D-pantothenate (vitamin B5)
An essential vitamin that is involved in energy production and the synthesis of hormones.
Calcium Metabolism
Calcium metabolism refers to the processes regulating the absorption, distribution, and excretion of calcium in the body. It is essential for bones, muscles, and nerve function.
Calcium Metabolism
Calcium metabolism describes how the body absorbs, distributes, and excretes calcium. It is essential for healthy bones, muscles, and nerve function.
Calcium Salts of Orthophosphoric Acid
Calcium salts of orthophosphoric acid are mineral compounds used as food additives and in medicine. They provide calcium and phosphate, both essential for healthy bones and teeth.
Calcium Stone
Calcium stones are the most common type of kidney stone, usually composed of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate. They form when urine contains too high a concentration of minerals.
Calcium Sulfate
Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) is an inorganic calcium compound used in medicine, the food industry, and construction. As food additive E516, it serves as a firming agent and carrier substance.
Calf cramps
Calf cramps are sudden, painful cramps in the calf muscles that usually occur at night or after physical exertion.
Calisthenics
Calisthenics ist eine Trainingsform, bei der das eigene Körpergewicht als Widerstand genutzt wird, um Kraft, Beweglichkeit und Körperkontrolle zu verbessern.
Calorie content
The choice of food influences our energy intake. The calorie content varies greatly - some provide little energy, others a lot.
Calorie requirement
The calorie requirement indicates how much energy the body needs each day to maintain vital functions and perform physical activities.
Calot Triangle
The Calot triangle is a key anatomical landmark in the hepatobiliary region, used during gallbladder surgery to safely identify critical structures.
Calprotectin
Calprotectin is an inflammation marker primarily measured in stool samples to detect intestinal inflammation and diagnose chronic inflammatory bowel diseases at an early stage.
Campylobacter Enteritis
Campylobacter enteritis is a bacterial intestinal infection commonly caused by contaminated poultry and characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever.
Canalis hyaloideus
The canalis hyaloideus is a narrow channel running through the vitreous body of the eye, which housed the hyaloid artery during embryonic development. It is a normal anatomical remnant.
Canalis nervi facialis
The canalis nervi facialis is a bony canal in the temporal bone through which the facial nerve (nervus facialis) passes. It plays a key role in transmitting nerve impulses to the face.
Canalis tarsi
The canalis tarsi is an anatomical canal in the ankle region that houses important nerves, blood vessels, and ligaments. Disorders of this canal can cause pain and numbness in the foot.
Cancer screening for men
Cancer screening for men includes regular check-ups to detect cancers such as prostate, colorectal, and skin cancer at an early stage. Early diagnosis significantly improves treatment outcomes.
Cancer Screening Test
A cancer screening test is used to detect cancer or precancerous conditions before symptoms appear. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes and survival rates.
Candesartan
Candesartan is a prescription medication belonging to the angiotensin II receptor blocker class. It is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure, offering protection for the heart and kidneys.
Candida albicans
Candida albicans ist ein Hefepilz, der natürlicherweise im Darm, auf der Haut und auf den Schleimhäuten vorkommt.
Candida auris
Candida auris (Pilz Candidozyma Auris) ist ein gefährlicher Krankenhauspilz mit globalen Ausbrüchen. Erfahre alles über Symptome, Resistenz, Therapie
Cane Sugar
Cane sugar is a natural sweetener derived from sugarcane, consisting mainly of sucrose. It provides fast-releasing energy and is one of the most widely used sugars in the world.
Canrenoate
Canrenoate is a potassium-sparing diuretic and aldosterone antagonist used intravenously in heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and hypertension management.
Capillary Blood
Capillary blood is blood obtained from the smallest blood vessels, the capillaries, typically collected via a fingertip or earlobe prick.
Capsule Production
Capsule production refers to the industrial or pharmaceutical manufacturing of hard and soft capsules used to deliver active ingredients, dietary supplements, or medications in a precise dosage form.
Caput medusae
Caput medusae refers to visibly dilated veins around the navel, indicating elevated pressure in the portal venous system and serving as a key clinical sign of liver disease.
Caramel Sugar
Caramel sugar is produced by heating sugar and is widely used as a sweetener, colorant, and flavoring agent in the food industry.
Carbamoyl Phosphate
Carbamoyl phosphate is a high-energy biochemical intermediate that plays a central role in the urea cycle and pyrimidine biosynthesis within cellular metabolism.
Carbapenem
Carbapenems are highly effective broad-spectrum antibiotics used for severe bacterial infections when other antibiotics have failed or are insufficient.
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Carbohydrate metabolism refers to all biochemical processes by which the body breaks down, converts, and uses carbohydrates for energy. It plays a central role in regulating blood sugar levels.
Carbon Dioxide Intoxication
Carbon dioxide intoxication is a poisoning caused by elevated CO2 levels in the breathing air. It can lead to loss of consciousness and, in severe cases, death.
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless toxic gas produced by incomplete combustion. It can cause life-threatening poisoning in humans and is known as the silent killer.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are drugs that block the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, influencing fluid balance in the body. They are used to treat conditions such as glaucoma and epilepsy.
Carbonyl Group
The carbonyl group is a chemical functional group featuring a carbon-oxygen double bond (C=O). It is a key structural component of many biologically important molecules.
Carboxyhemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) is a compound formed when hemoglobin binds to carbon monoxide, blocking oxygen transport in the blood and causing CO poisoning.
Carboxylase
Carboxylases are enzymes that catalyze the addition of CO2 to organic molecules. They play a central role in metabolism and depend on vitamin B7 (biotin) as a key cofactor.
Carboxypeptidase
Carboxypeptidase is a digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins by cleaving amino acids from the C-terminal end of a polypeptide chain. It plays a key role in protein digestion in the small intestine.
Carcinogenesis
Carcinogenesis is the process by which normal cells transform into cancer cells. It involves multiple stages of genetic and molecular changes that lead to uncontrolled cell growth.
Cardiac Border Marking
Cardiac border marking refers to the visible outlines of the heart on a chest X-ray. It is used to assess heart size, shape, and potential cardiac conditions.
Cardiac Catheterization
Ein Herzkatheter ist ein medizinisches Untersuchungs- und Behandlungsverfahren, das der Darstellung und Therapie von Herzerkrankungen dient.
Cardiac Muscle Cell
A cardiac muscle cell, or cardiomyocyte, is the specialized muscle cell of the heart. It enables the rhythmic heartbeat that continuously pumps blood throughout the body.
Cardiac neurosis (cardiophobia)
Cardiac neurosis is a psychological disorder in which those affected develop an exaggerated fear of heart disease or sudden cardiac arrest, even though there is no organic disease.
Cardiac Output
Cardiac output describes the amount of blood the heart pumps into the circulation per minute. It is a key measure of cardiac function and overall circulatory health.
Cardiac Pacemaker
A cardiac pacemaker is a small implanted medical device that delivers electrical impulses to regulate a heartbeat that is too slow or irregular, helping the heart maintain a normal rhythm.
Cardiac Pressure Variability
Cardiac pressure variability refers to fluctuations in blood pressure linked to heart activity. It is an important marker of cardiovascular health and autonomic regulation.
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that impairs its ability to pump blood effectively. It can lead to heart failure and life-threatening arrhythmias.
Cardiorenal Syndrome
Cardiorenal syndrome describes the bidirectional relationship between heart and kidney dysfunction, where failure of one organ directly contributes to impairment of the other.
Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular diseases affect the heart and blood vessels and are the leading cause of death worldwide. Many cases can be prevented through a healthy lifestyle.
Carotenoids
Carotenoids are natural pigments found in fruits and vegetables with powerful antioxidant properties. They support immune function, eye health, and may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
Carotid Endarterectomy
Carotid endarterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove plaque buildup from the carotid artery, significantly reducing the risk of stroke.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common nerve compression disorder at the wrist, causing pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and fingers.
Cartinoids
Carotenoids are a group of natural pigments found in many plants, algae and some bacteria.
Casein Intolerance
Casein intolerance refers to an adverse reaction to casein, the main protein found in milk. Affected individuals may experience digestive issues or immune responses when consuming dairy products.
Castor oil
Rizinusöl ist ein pflanzliches Öl, das aus den Samen des Wunderbaums gewonnen wird und traditionell innerlich wie äußerlich angewendet wird.
Castor Oil Packs
Castor Oil Packs – also Rizinusölwickel – erleben auf TikTok und Instagram ein Revival.
Cataplectic
Cataplectic describes a state related to cataplexy – a sudden, brief loss of muscle control typically triggered by strong emotions such as laughter or excitement.
Catecholamine
Catecholamines are endogenous signaling molecules such as adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine that act as hormones and neurotransmitters, playing key roles in the stress response.
Catecholamine Release
Catecholamine release refers to the secretion of stress hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal medulla, preparing the body for demanding physical or psychological situations.
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Cauda equina syndrome is a serious neurological condition caused by compression of the nerve roots at the base of the spinal cord. It requires immediate medical attention.
Caudolateral
Caudolateral is an anatomical directional term describing a position or direction that is simultaneously downward (caudal) and toward the side (lateral) of the body.
cefpodoxime
Cefpodoxime is an oral broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the third-generation cephalosporins, used to treat a range of bacterial infections.
Cefuroxime
Cefuroxime is a broad-spectrum second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin.
Celery stalks
Staudensellerie ist eine Sellerieart mit langen, knackigen Blattstielen, die als Gemüse roh oder gegart verzehrt wird.
Cell ageing
Cell ageing is a central biological process that is associated with the gradual loss of function of individual cells.
Cell Cycle
The cell cycle is the ordered sequence of phases a cell goes through to grow, replicate its DNA, and divide into two identical daughter cells.
Cell protection
Cell protection refers to the body's ability to protect its cells from harmful influences - in particular from so-called free radicals.
Cell renewal
Cell renewal is a fundamental biological process in which old, damaged or dead cells are replaced by new, functional cells.
Cellobiose
Cellobiose is a disaccharide formed during the breakdown of cellulose. It consists of two glucose units and plays an important role in digestion, gut health, and biotechnology.
Cellular Senescence
Cellular senescence is a state in which cells permanently stop dividing. It plays a key role in aging, cancer prevention, and age-related diseases.
Cellulitis
Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection affecting the deeper layers of the skin and underlying tissue. It causes redness, swelling, and pain and requires prompt medical treatment.
Cephalohematoma
A cephalohematoma is a collection of blood between a newborn's skull bone and its periosteum, typically caused by birth trauma or assisted delivery.
Cephalosporin
Cephalosporins are broad-spectrum antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections. They belong to the class of beta-lactam antibiotics.
Cerebral Infarction
Ein Hirninfarkt ist die häufigste Form des Schlaganfalls und entsteht durch eine plötzliche Durchblutungsstörung im Gehirn.
Cerebral Ischemia
Cerebral ischemia refers to an insufficient blood supply to the brain, causing a lack of oxygen in brain tissue that can lead to a stroke.
Cerebral Ventricles
The cerebral ventricles are a system of interconnected cavities in the brain that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid, protecting and nourishing the brain.
Cerebrospinal
Cerebrospinal refers to everything that jointly concerns the brain and spinal cord. The term is central to understanding the central nervous system and its disorders.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It cushions the central nervous system, delivers nutrients, and is a key diagnostic tool in neurology.
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
CSF analysis is an important diagnostic procedure for recognising diseases of the central nervous system. Find out more about the procedure, indications and typical laboratory values
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs when the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord escapes through a tear in the protective membranes. It often results from trauma or surgical procedures.
Ceruloplasmin
Ceruloplasmin is a copper-binding protein found in the blood that plays a key role in copper and iron metabolism. It is an important laboratory marker for diagnosing copper metabolism disorders.
Cervical Cancer
Gebärmutterhalskrebs (Zervixkarzinom) ist ein bösartiger Tumor, der im Gebärmutterhals (Zervix) entsteht.
Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor of the cervix uteri. It is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide and is largely preventable through early detection and HPV vaccination.
Cetirizine
Cetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine used to treat allergies, hay fever, and hives. It selectively blocks histamine receptors and causes little to no drowsiness.
Charcot Syndrome
Charcot Syndrome refers to a group of neurological conditions affecting nerves and muscles, causing muscle weakness, sensory disturbances, and mobility impairments.
Charcot Triad
The Charcot Triad describes three classic signs of cholangitis: fever, jaundice, and right upper abdominal pain. It is a key clinical indicator of biliary tract disease.
Checkup Examination
A checkup examination is a preventive medical visit designed to assess overall health and detect potential diseases early, before symptoms appear.
Chemical Allergy
A chemical allergy is an excessive immune response to chemical substances found in the environment, household, or workplace. It can affect the skin, airways, and other organs.
Chemiosmosis
Chemiosmosis is a fundamental biochemical process in which energy stored in an ion gradient is used to synthesize ATP, the universal energy currency of the cell.
Chemoprophylaxis
Chemoprophylaxis refers to the preventive use of medications to stop a disease from developing. Common examples include malaria prevention and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
Chemoreception
Chemoreception is the biological process by which specialized sensory cells detect chemical stimuli and convert them into nerve signals sent to the brain.
Chemosensitivity
Chemosensitivity refers to the susceptibility of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents. It helps oncologists identify the most effective cancer treatment for each patient.
Chemotaxis (Immunology)
Chemotaxis is the directed movement of immune cells along a chemical concentration gradient – a key mechanism of the immune defense system.
Chemotherapeutic Agent
A chemotherapeutic agent is a chemical substance used to treat cancer or infectious diseases by killing or inhibiting the growth of harmful cells or pathogens.
Chest Compression
Chest compression is a life-saving emergency measure used during cardiac arrest. By rhythmically pressing on the chest, circulation is artificially maintained until professional help arrives.
Chest Fracture
A chest fracture refers to a break in one or more bones of the thoracic cage, such as the ribs or sternum. It is most commonly caused by trauma or accidents.
Chest Pain
Chest pain refers to any discomfort, pressure, or pain felt in the chest area and may indicate harmless or serious conditions. Medical evaluation is always recommended.
Chest Stabbing Pain
Herzstechen beschreibt ein plötzlich auftretendes, stechendes Schmerzgefühl im Brustbereich, das häufig als beunruhigend empfunden wird.
Chest Stretch
A chest stretch is a targeted mobility exercise for the thorax and thoracic spine. It improves flexibility, posture, and breathing capacity.
Chickenpox
Chickenpox (varicella) is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV)
Chikungunya Virus
Das Chikungunya Virus verursacht Fieber und starke Gelenkschmerzen. Erfahre alles über Symptome, Behandlung, Prävention und natürliche Immunstärkung.
Chiropractic
Chiropractic is a field of manual medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system particularly in the area of the spine.
Chiropractor
A chiropractor is a specialist in the manual treatment of functional disorders of the spine and musculoskeletal system.
CHIVA Treatment
CHIVA treatment is a minimally invasive procedure for treating varicose veins. It targets specific points of venous insufficiency to restore normal blood flow while preserving healthy veins.
chlamydia symptoms in women
Chlamydia in women often causes no symptoms. Common signs include unusual discharge, burning during urination, and pelvic pain. Early diagnosis helps prevent serious complications.
Chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic agent that is primarily used in dental prophylaxis and therapy.
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants, algae and cyanobacteria that is responsible for photosynthesis - the process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy.
Chloroplasten
Chloroplasten sind die photosynthetisch aktiven Organellen pflanzlicher Zellen. Sie wandeln Licht in Energie um und sind entscheidend für Sauerstoffproduktion und CO₂-Bindung.
Cholagogue Tablet
Cholagogue tablets are herbal medicines used to support digestion. They stimulate bile flow and help relieve symptoms such as bloating, flatulence, and a feeling of fullness.
Cholangiolithiasis
Cholangiolithiasis refers to the presence of gallstones within the bile ducts. It can cause pain, jaundice, and serious complications such as bile duct inflammation.
Cholangiopancreatography
Cholangiopancreatography is an imaging procedure used to visualize the bile ducts and pancreatic duct. It helps detect narrowings, stones, or tumors at an early stage.
Cholangitis
Cholangitis is an inflammation of the bile ducts, most often caused by a bacterial infection. It can be acute or chronic and requires prompt medical attention.
Cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol is the natural form of vitamin D3, produced in the skin upon sunlight exposure. It is essential for bone health, immune function, and numerous metabolic processes.
Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)
Cholecalciferol, better known as vitamin D3, is a fat-soluble form of vitamin D that is formed in the skin through exposure to sunlight.
Cholecystectomy
A cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder. It is commonly performed to treat gallstones or gallbladder inflammation and is considered a safe and routine procedure.
Cholecystolith
A cholecystolith is a gallstone that forms inside the gallbladder. Gallstones develop from hardened deposits of cholesterol or bile pigments and are among the most common digestive conditions worldwide.
Cholecystolithiasis
Cholecystolithiasis refers to the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder. It can cause pain, digestive issues, and serious complications if left untreated.
Choledocholith
A choledocholith is a gallstone located in the common bile duct. It can block bile flow and lead to serious complications such as jaundice or infection.
Choledocholithiasis
Choledocholithiasis refers to the presence of gallstones in the common bile duct. It can cause pain, jaundice, and serious complications if left untreated.
Cholesteatoma
A cholesteatoma is a benign but aggressive growth of skin tissue in the middle ear that can destroy bone and cause permanent hearing loss if left untreated.
Cholesterin senken
Ein dauerhaft erhöhter Cholesterinspiegel, insbesondere ein hoher Anteil an LDL-Cholesterin („schlechtes“ Cholesterin), gilt als Risikofaktor für Arteriosklerose, Herzinfarkt und Schlaganfall.
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a fat-like substance (lipid molecule) that is vital for cell membranes and is both produced in the liver and absorbed through food.
Cholesterol Biosynthesis
Cholesterol biosynthesis is the biochemical process by which the body produces its own cholesterol. It occurs mainly in the liver and is essential for cell membrane integrity, hormone production, and bile acid formation.
Choline Bitartrate
Choline bitartrate is a highly bioavailable form of choline used as a dietary supplement. It supports liver function, fat metabolism, and brain health.
Cholinergic System
The cholinergic system is the part of the nervous system that uses acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter. It controls muscle movement, memory, digestion, and many other vital body functions.
Chondrocyte
Chondrocytes are the specialized cells of cartilage tissue. They produce and maintain the cartilage matrix and are essential for joint health and mobility.
Chondrodysplasia
Chondrodysplasia refers to a group of inherited skeletal disorders caused by abnormal cartilage and bone development, leading to short stature and skeletal deformities.
Chondroitin Sulfate
Chondroitinsulfat ist ein körpereigener Bestandteil des Knorpelgewebes und gehört zur Gruppe der Glykosaminoglykane.
Chondroprotective Agent
A chondroprotective agent is a substance that protects joint cartilage, supports its regeneration, and slows cartilage breakdown. It is commonly used in osteoarthritis.
Choroiditis
Choroiditis is an inflammation of the choroid, a vascular layer at the back of the eye. It can threaten vision and requires prompt medical evaluation.
Chromaffin
Chromaffin cells are specialized neuroendocrine cells found mainly in the adrenal medulla that produce and release stress hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Chromaffin Cells
Chromaffin cells are specialized neuroendocrine cells found primarily in the adrenal medulla. They produce and store catecholamines such as adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Chromium tablets
Chrom tablets support blood sugar regulation, improve insulin sensitivity and can help stabilise blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes.
Chromoprotein
Chromoproteins are colored proteins that contain a non-protein pigment group called a chromophore. They perform vital biological functions such as oxygen transport, light perception, and energy metabolism.
Chromosomal Aberration
A chromosomal aberration is a structural or numerical change in the chromosomes that can lead to genetic disorders and developmental abnormalities.
Chromosome Set
A chromosome set refers to the complete collection of chromosomes in a cell. In humans, it consists of 46 chromosomes and forms the basis of genetic inheritance.
Chronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis is a permanent inflammation of the bronchial tubes with a persistent cough.
Chronic epitympanic otitis media
Chronic epitympanic otitis media is a long-term inflammatory condition of the middle ear affecting the epitympanum. It often involves cholesteatoma formation and may require surgical treatment.
Chronic Gastritis
Chronic gastritis is a long-lasting inflammation of the stomach lining. It can be caused by bacteria, medications, or autoimmune processes and requires medical evaluation and treatment.
Chronic mesotympanic otitis media
Chronic mesotympanic otitis media is a long-term middle ear infection characterized by a central eardrum perforation without cholesteatoma, causing recurrent ear discharge and hearing loss.
Chronic Migraine
Chronic migraine is a neurological condition defined by headaches occurring on at least 15 days per month for more than 3 months. It is one of the most common neurological disorders and significantly impacts quality of life.
Chronic Pain
Chronic pain is defined as pain lasting more than three months. It can have many causes and significantly impacts quality of life and daily functioning.
Chronic Pain
Chronic pain is pain that persists for more than three months. It can have many causes and significantly affect a person´s quality of life and daily functioning.
Chronic sinusitis
Chronic sinusitis is a long-lasting inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.
Chronische Müdigkeit
Chronische Müdigkeit beschreibt einen anhaltenden Zustand körperlicher, geistiger oder emotionaler Erschöpfung, der über Wochen oder Monate bestehen bleibt, selbst bei ausreichend Schlaf.
Chronisches Erschöpfungssyndrom
Das Chronische Erschöpfungssyndrom (CFS) ist eine komplexe, multisystemische Erkrankung, die durch anhaltende, lähmende Erschöpfung und eine erhebliche Belastungsintoleranz gekennzeichnet ist.
Chronobiology
Chronobiology is the scientific study of biological rhythms in living organisms. It explores how internal clocks regulate sleep, metabolism, and overall health.
Chronopharmacology
Chronopharmacology studies how the timing of medication intake influences drug efficacy and tolerability. Biological rhythms play a central role in this field.
Chronotoxicology
Chronotoxicology studies how the body's biological clock affects the toxicity and tolerability of substances and medications. The timing of exposure can be critically important.
Chylomicron
Chylomicrons are tiny fat-carrying particles in the blood that transport dietary fats from the intestine to the body. They play a key role in lipid metabolism.
Chylothorax
Chylothorax is an accumulation of lymphatic fluid (chyle) in the chest cavity. It is usually caused by injury or disease affecting the thoracic duct and requires prompt medical attention.
Cicatrisation Atelectasis
Cicatrisation atelectasis is a form of lung collapse caused by fibrous scar tissue that contracts and permanently closes off air spaces in the lung. It results from fibrotic remodeling of the lung tissue.
Ciclopirox
Ciclopirox is a synthetic antifungal agent used to treat fungal infections of the skin and nails. It inhibits fungal growth and is available as creams, nail lacquers, and shampoos.
Cinnamon bark extract
Cinnamon bark extract is obtained from the bark of the cinnamon tree and is beneficial to health due to its high concentration of bioactive compounds.
Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolone class, used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.
Circulatory Disorder
A circulatory disorder occurs when tissues or organs receive insufficient blood supply, and thus too little oxygen and nutrients.
Circulatory Problems
Circulatory problems occur when the cardiovascular system fails to supply the body adequately with blood and oxygen. Common symptoms include dizziness, fainting, and weakness.
Circulatory system
Der Blutkreislauf ist das geschlossene Gefäßsystem des Körpers, das Blut mithilfe des Herzens durch Arterien, Venen und Kapillaren transportiert.
Cistus duck
Cistus tea has an antioxidant and antiviral effect. Find out how the tea protects the immune system and helps with intestinal problems.
Citalopram
Citalopram is an antidepressant belonging to the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It is used to treat depression and anxiety disorders.
Citicoline
Citicoline is a naturally occurring compound in the body used as a dietary supplement and pharmaceutical agent. It supports brain function and is applied in neurological conditions.
Citric Acid Cycle
The citric acid cycle is a central metabolic pathway in the cell that releases energy from nutrients. It takes place in the mitochondria and is essential for cellular energy production.
Citricidal (grapefruit seed extract)
Citricidal is the brand name of a grapefruit seed extract (GKE) obtained from the seeds, peel and membranes of grapefruit and marketed as a natural antimicrobial agent.
Clarithromycin
Clarithromycin is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, skin, and gastrointestinal system.
Claudication
Claudication refers to exercise-induced pain or cramping in the legs caused by reduced blood flow. It is a hallmark symptom of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
Clavicle Fracture
A clavicle fracture is a break of the collarbone, one of the most common bone injuries. It typically results from falls or direct impact to the shoulder area.
Clear Cell Acanthoma
Clear cell acanthoma is a rare, benign skin tumor that typically appears as a reddish nodule on the lower legs. It is harmless and usually treated by surgical removal.
Clemizole Benzylpenicillin
Clemizole benzylpenicillin is a depot penicillin used to treat bacterial infections. It is administered by intramuscular injection and releases the active ingredient slowly over time.
Climacteric
The climacteric refers to the transitional phase in a woman's life surrounding her last menstrual period. It involves hormonal changes that can cause symptoms such as hot flashes and mood swings.
Clindamycin
Clindamycin is an antibiotic from the lincosamide class that acts against gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes. It is used to treat skin, bone, and respiratory tract infections.
Clopidogrel
Clopidogrel is a prescription antiplatelet medication used to prevent blood clots. It reduces the risk of heart attack and stroke in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium tetani is a spore-forming bacterium that causes tetanus, a dangerous disease characterized by severe muscle spasms. It produces one of the most potent neurotoxins known.
Clumping Factor
The clumping factor is a surface protein found on certain bacteria that enables attachment to blood clots and tissue, playing a key role in bacterial infections.
cluster headache
Cluster headache is a rare but extremely painful headache disorder with stabbing pain around one eye, occurring in cyclical attack periods.
Cluster Headaches
Clusterkopfschmerzen zählen zu den stärksten bekannten Kopfschmerzformen und treten typischerweise einseitig auf, meist im Bereich von Auge, Schläfe oder Stirn.
Cluster of Differentiation
Cluster of Differentiation (CD) is a standardized system for classifying cell surface molecules used in immunology to identify and characterize immune cells.
Clusterfeeding
Clusterfeeding bezeichnet Phasen, in denen ein Säugling innerhalb weniger Stunden sehr häufig und in kurzen Abständen gestillt werden möchte.
Co-trimoxazole
Co-trimoxazole is a combination antibiotic containing trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. It is used to treat bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections and pneumonia.
Coagulation
Coagulation is the process by which blood transforms from a liquid into a solid clot. This vital mechanism stops bleeding after blood vessel injuries and is essential for survival.
Coagulation Activation
Coagulation activation is the process by which blood clots at the site of a vessel injury to stop bleeding. It is a vital, tightly regulated defence mechanism of the body.
Coagulation Factor
Coagulation factors are proteins in the blood that are essential for blood clotting. They work together to seal wounds and prevent excessive bleeding.
Coagulation Test
A coagulation test measures the blood´s ability to clot and helps detect clotting disorders at an early stage. It is used before surgeries or when a bleeding disorder is suspected.
Coagulative Necrosis
Coagulative necrosis is a type of cell death in which tissue dies due to protein denaturation. It most commonly results from oxygen deprivation (ischemia).
Coagulopathy
Coagulopathy refers to a disorder of blood clotting in which the blood either clots too slowly or too rapidly. Affected individuals may experience excessive bleeding or an increased risk of thrombosis.
Cobb Angle
The Cobb angle is a radiological measurement used to assess the severity of spinal curvatures such as scoliosis. It is the internationally accepted standard in spinal diagnostics.
Coconut Blossom Sugar
Coconut blossom sugar is a natural sweetener derived from the nectar of the coconut palm. It is considered a less processed alternative to refined white sugar and contains small amounts of minerals and antioxidants.
Codepression
Codepression beschreibt Depression in Beziehungen. Erfahre, wie emotionale Ansteckung wirkt und welche Therapieformen helfen können.
Coeliac disease
Coeliac disease is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the consumption of gluten leads to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine.
Coenzyme Activation
Coenzyme activation is the biochemical process by which a vitamin or precursor molecule is converted into its biologically active coenzyme form, enabling enzymes to catalyze metabolic reactions.
Coenzyme Complex
A coenzyme complex is a combination of several coenzymes that work together to support biochemical processes in the body. Such complexes are frequently used as dietary supplements.
Coenzyme Q10
Coenzyme Q₁₀, also known as ubiquinone, is essential for metabolism and is an antioxidant produced by the human body.
Coenzyme Replacement
Coenzyme replacement refers to the targeted supplementation of coenzymes or their precursors to correct deficiencies and support essential biochemical processes in the body.
Coffee detox
A coffee detox can help reduce dependence on caffeine and de-stress the nervous system. Find out more about the benefits, withdrawal symptoms and healthy alternatives.
Cognitive Impairment
Eine kognitive Störung beschreibt eine Beeinträchtigung geistiger Funktionen, die Denkprozesse, Aufmerksamkeit, Gedächtnis, Sprache und Orientierung betreffen kann.
Cohesion (Chemistry)
Cohesion in chemistry refers to the attractive forces between identical molecules of the same substance. It is responsible for the structural integrity of liquids and solids.
Cold Allergy
Cold allergy, or cold urticaria, is a hypersensitivity reaction of the skin to cold stimuli, causing hives, redness, and itching. It belongs to the group of physical urticarias.
Cold Leg Wraps
Wadenwickel sind ein bewährtes Hausmittel zur Fiebersenkung und zur Linderung von Entzündungen oder Schmerzen.
Cold sores
Lip herpes is an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which typically manifests itself in the form of painful, weeping blisters on the lips or around the mouth.
Colitis Focus
A colitis focus is a localized area of inflammation in the large intestine. It occurs in various bowel diseases and can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain or blood in the stool.
Collagen deficiency
Collagen is the most important structural protein in the human body and makes up around 30 % of the total protein content. A lack of collagen leads to remarkable changes in the body.
Collagen Degradation
Collagen degradation is the enzymatic breakdown of collagen fibers in connective tissue. It affects skin, joints, and bones, and increases naturally with age.
Collagen for osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a widespread degenerative joint disease that is often accompanied by pain and restricted movement.
Collagen hydrolysate
Collagen hydrolysate strengthens skin, joints and bones. Find out more about bovine collagen, marine collagen and why vegan collagen doesn'tt actually exist.
Collagen Peptide Supplementation
Collagen peptide supplementation provides bioactive protein building blocks to support skin, joints, and bones. Learn about its mechanism, dosage, and health benefits.
Collagen Peptides
Collagen peptides are short protein chains derived from hydrolyzed collagen. They support skin elasticity, joint health, and bone strength and are widely used as dietary supplements.
Collagen types
Collagen is the most common protein in the human body and an essential component of skin, bones, tendons, cartilage and connective tissue.
Colles Fracture
A Colles fracture is a break of the distal radius bone just above the wrist, typically caused by falling onto an outstretched hand. It is one of the most common fractures.
Collum radii
The collum radii is the anatomical neck of the radius bone in the forearm, located just below the radial head. Fractures of this region are common and frequently affect children.
Cologne list
The Cologne List ® is an important initiative in competitive sports that offers athletes guidance in the selection of nutritional supplements.
Colon Diagnostics
Colon diagnostics refers to medical examinations used to detect diseases of the large intestine, such as polyps, inflammation, or colorectal cancer. It is a key part of preventive healthcare and early detection.
Colon Polyp
A colon polyp is a small growth on the inner lining of the large intestine that is usually benign but can develop into colorectal cancer. Early detection via colonoscopy is key.
Colon Polyp
A colon polyp is a small growth on the inner lining of the large intestine. Some types can develop into colorectal cancer and should be detected and removed early.
Colonic Diverticula
Colonic diverticula are small pouches that form in the wall of the large intestine. They are very common and usually cause no symptoms, but can become inflamed.
Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy is a key endoscopic procedure used to examine the large intestine.
Colorectal Cancer Screening
Colorectal cancer screening includes medical tests to detect bowel cancer early, before symptoms appear. Regular screening can save lives.
Colostrum Basic Proteins (CBP)
Colostrum Basic Proteins (CBP) are particularly valuable as they provide a concentrated source of nutrients that support the immune system, promote regeneration and help the body fight disease.
Colostrum Immune Factors
Colostrum immune factors are bioactive compounds found in the first milk of mammals, known for their immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory properties.
Colposcopy
Colposcopy is a gynecological examination that uses a magnifying instrument to closely inspect the cervix, vagina, and vulva for signs of abnormal cells or early-stage cervical cancer.
combating inner restlessness
Combating inner restlessness: Learn about the causes of nervousness and tension, and discover effective methods to reduce restlessness and regain calm.
Common Bile Duct
The common bile duct (ductus choledochus) carries bile from the liver and gallbladder into the small intestine. It plays a vital role in fat digestion and nutrient absorption.
Common Bile Duct Revision
A common bile duct revision is a surgical procedure to examine and clear the bile duct, most commonly to remove gallstones or relieve obstructions.
Common Carotid Artery
The common carotid artery is a major blood vessel in the neck that supplies the head and brain with oxygen-rich blood. It is one of the most vital arteries in the human body.
Complement System
The complement system is a part of the innate immune system consisting of proteins that detect and destroy pathogens. It plays a central role in immune defense.
Complete Blood Count
A complete blood count (CBC) is a comprehensive blood test that measures red and white blood cells, platelets, and includes a detailed breakdown of white blood cell types to detect a wide range of conditions.
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
A complete blood count (CBC) is a routine blood test that measures the key cellular components of blood, providing early indications of conditions such as anemia or infection.
Conditioning
Conditioning is a psychological learning process in which behaviors and responses are shaped by stimuli or consequences. It plays a key role in medicine and psychotherapy.
Condylomata
Condylomata are benign skin growths in the genital and anal area caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). They are among the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide.
Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis
Congenital dermal melanocytosis is a benign, birthmark condition in which melanocytes remain in the deep skin layer, causing bluish-grey patches visible at birth.
Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) is a serious condition caused by rubella virus infection during pregnancy. It can lead to heart defects, deafness, and visual impairments in the newborn.
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis is a common eye disease in which the conjunctiva, the thin mucous membrane that covers the eye and the inside of the eyelids, is inflamed.
Constipation
Constipation is a common digestive disorder characterized by infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, or difficulty passing stool. It affects people of all ages and can often be managed with lifestyle changes.
Constipation
Constipation means infrequent or difficult bowel movements. Learn about causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Constitutional Therapy
Constitutional therapy is a holistic treatment approach that considers the whole person, incorporating individual predispositions as well as physical and psychological characteristics into the healing process.
Constrictive Pericarditis
Constrictive pericarditis is a chronic heart condition in which the pericardium becomes scarred and thickened, restricting the heart from filling properly.
Contact Allergies
Contact allergies are allergic skin reactions triggered by direct contact with certain substances. They typically cause redness, itching, or blistering at the site of contact.
Contact Poison
A contact poison is a toxic substance that enters the body through skin contact and triggers harmful effects. It is found in pesticides, industrial chemicals, and nature.
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is a kidney replacement therapy that uses the peritoneum as a natural filter membrane, allowing patients with renal failure to perform dialysis at home.
Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis
Continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) is a form of home dialysis in which an automated device performs several fluid exchanges in the abdominal cavity overnight.
Conus Medullaris Syndrome
Conus medullaris syndrome is a rare spinal cord injury affecting the terminal end of the spinal cord, causing motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction including bladder and bowel impairment.
Convalescence
Convalescence is the recovery phase following an illness or surgery, during which the body gradually regains strength and returns to full functioning.
Coombs Test
The Coombs test is a diagnostic procedure used to detect antibodies against red blood cells. It is applied in cases of suspected hemolytic anemia or blood group incompatibility.
COPD Symptoms
COPD symptoms include chronic cough, mucus production, and shortness of breath. Learn which signs may indicate COPD and when to seek medical advice.
Copper Sulfate
Copper sulfate is an inorganic copper compound used in medicine, agriculture, and industry. In small doses, it exhibits antimicrobial and fungicidal properties.
Coracoclavicular
Coracoclavicular refers to the anatomical connection between the coracoid process of the scapula and the clavicle. The coracoclavicular ligament is essential for shoulder joint stability.
Core Body Temperature
Core body temperature refers to the temperature within the internal organs of the human body. In healthy adults, it ranges from approximately 36.5 to 37.5 °C and is essential for survival.
Corona phlebectatica
Corona phlebectatica is a clinical sign of advanced chronic venous insufficiency, presenting as fan-shaped dilated veins visible around the ankle and foot.
Corona Symptoms
Corona symptoms are signs of infection with SARS-CoV-2. They range from mild cold-like complaints to severe respiratory problems requiring medical attention.
Corpus femoris
The corpus femoris is the shaft of the femur (thigh bone), connecting the hip joint to the knee joint. It forms the central, cylindrical mid-section of the strongest bone in the human body.
Corpus radii
The corpus radii is the middle shaft section of the radius, one of the two forearm bones. It connects the radial head to the distal end of the radius.
Corrective Glasses
Corrective glasses compensate for vision errors such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism using optical lenses, improving visual acuity and quality of life.
Corticosteroid
Corticosteroids are natural or synthetic hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, known for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.
Corticosteroid Therapy
Corticosteroid therapy is a medical treatment using corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and regulate the immune system in a wide range of conditions.
Cortisol Daily Profile
The cortisol daily profile illustrates the typical fluctuation of the stress hormone cortisol throughout the day. It is used to diagnose hormonal disorders such as Addison disease or Cushing syndrome.
Cortisol Level
The cortisol level measures the concentration of the stress hormone cortisol in the blood. It plays a key role in metabolism, immune function, and mental well-being.
Cortisol too high
High cortisol levels can indicate chronic stress or an underlying medical condition. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment options here.
Cottage Cheese
Cottage cheese is a fresh cheese with a curd-like texture, made by coagulating pasteurized milk with lactic acid bacteria and rennet.
Courvoisier Sign
The Courvoisier sign describes a painlessly enlarged gallbladder combined with jaundice – a key clinical indicator of malignant obstruction of the bile ducts.
Couvade Syndrome
Couvade syndrome describes physical and emotional pregnancy-like symptoms experienced by expectant fathers. Though not an official diagnosis, it is a widely recognized phenomenon.
Cow´s Milk Protein Intolerance
Cow´s milk protein intolerance is an immune-mediated reaction to proteins found in cow´s milk. It commonly affects infants and can cause digestive, skin, and respiratory symptoms.
Coxa norma
Coxa norma describes the anatomically normal neck-shaft angle of the hip joint. In adults, this angle ranges between 120 and 135 degrees and serves as a reference value in orthopedics.
Coxarthrose
Coxarthrose ist eine degenerative Erkrankung des Hüftgelenks, bei der es zu einem fortschreitenden Abbau des Gelenkknorpels kommt.
Coxitis Fugax
Coxitis fugax is a transient inflammatory condition of the hip joint that primarily affects children, causing sudden hip pain and difficulty walking.
Cradle Cap
Cradle cap is a common, harmless skin condition in infants, characterized by yellowish, greasy scales and crusts on the scalp.
Cranberries
Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) ist eine nordamerikanische Beerenfrucht, die für ihren hohen Gehalt an Antioxidantien und sekundären Pflanzenstoffen bekannt ist.
Cranial Nerve Disorder
A cranial nerve disorder refers to impaired function of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves, which control sensation, movement, and organ function in the head and neck region.
Cranial Rhythm
The cranial rhythm refers to a subtle, rhythmic movement of the skull and sacrum, used in osteopathy and craniosacral therapy as a diagnostic and therapeutic concept.
Craniectomy
A craniectomy is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull bone is removed to relieve pressure on the brain and treat life-threatening neurological conditions.
Craniomedial
Craniomedial is an anatomical positional term describing a location that is simultaneously toward the head (cranial) and toward the midline of the body (medial). It is commonly used in medical imaging and clinical documentation.
Craniosacral Therapy
Craniosacral therapy is a gentle, hands-on treatment that works with subtle rhythms in the skull-sacrum system to relieve pain, tension, and stress-related complaints.
Craniosynostosis
Craniosynostosis is a congenital condition in which one or more skull sutures fuse prematurely, restricting brain growth and causing skull deformities. Early surgical treatment is essential.
Craniotabes
Craniotabes is a pathological softening of the skull bones in infants and young children, most commonly caused by vitamin D deficiency or rickets.
Creatine Monohydrate
Creatine monohydrate is one of the most researched sports supplements for enhancing strength, power, and muscle mass. It supports the energy supply of muscle cells during high-intensity exercise.
Creatinine Level
The creatinine level is a key laboratory value used to assess kidney function. It is measured in the blood or urine and helps detect kidney disease at an early stage.
Crepitation
Crepitation refers to a crackling, crunching, or grating sound or sensation that occurs during movement of joints, bones, or soft tissue.
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
Crigler-Najjar syndrome is a rare, inherited metabolic disorder in which the liver cannot adequately process bilirubin, leading to severe jaundice and potential brain damage.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus.
Cross allergy
A cross allergy occurs when the immune system confuses similarly structured allergens from different sources.
Crow’s Feet
Krähenfüße sind feine bis tiefere Falten an den äußeren Augenwinkeln, die vor allem bei Mimik wie Lachen oder Zusammenkneifen der Augen sichtbar werden.
Cruciate Ligament
The cruciate ligament is a key stabilizing structure inside the knee joint. A cruciate ligament tear is one of the most common knee injuries and often requires surgical treatment.
Cryolipolysis
Cryolipolysis is a non-invasive procedure for targeted fat reduction, in which fat cells are broken down through controlled cooling.
Cryopreservation
Cryopreservation is the process of freezing biological materials such as cells, tissues, or embryos at extremely low temperatures for long-term storage.
Cryotherapeutic
Cryotherapeutic refers to anything related to the use of cold for healing purposes. Cold therapy is used in medicine for pain relief, reducing inflammation, and treating tissue conditions.
Cryptogenic
Cryptogenic is a medical term describing a disease or condition whose cause remains unknown despite thorough diagnostic evaluation. It derives from Greek, meaning of hidden origin.
Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis is an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium, leading primarily to watery diarrhea. It is transmitted through contaminated water or food.
Cupping Therapy
Schröpfen ist ein traditionelles Naturheilverfahren, das zur Durchblutungsförderung, Entgiftung und Schmerzlinderung eingesetzt wird.
Curcugreen (BCM-95)
Curcugreen®, auch bekannt unter dem Namen BCM-95®, ist ein patentierter Curcumin-Komplex, der aus dem Wurzelextrakt der Kurkuma-Pflanze gewonnen wird.
Curcuminoid complex
An extract from the turmeric root, rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds. It supports joint health and the immune system.
Curcuminoids
Curcuminoids are natural plant-derived compounds found in the root of turmeric (Curcuma longa).
Curry leaf extract
Curry leaf extract contains natural iron. As it is plant-bound, it is well tolerated and has fewer pro-oxidative effects.
Cushing Syndrome
Cushing syndrome is a hormonal disorder caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol in the blood. It can lead to weight gain, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness.
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant skin tumor arising from the keratinocytes of the outer skin layer. It is one of the most common forms of skin cancer and can spread to deeper tissues or lymph nodes if left untreated.
Cyclooxygenase
Cyclooxygenase (COX) is an enzyme that plays a central role in the production of prostaglandins and inflammatory mediators in the human body.
Cystic Echinococcosis
Cystic echinococcosis is a parasitic disease caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, leading to the formation of fluid-filled cysts, primarily in the liver and lungs.
Cysticercosis
Cysticercosis is an infection with the larvae of the pork tapeworm, which can affect organs such as the brain, muscles or skin. Find out more about symptoms, treatment and protective measures here.
Cystoscopy
Cystoscopy is an endoscopic examination of the bladder and urethra. It allows direct visual assessment of the bladder lining and is used to diagnose and treat a range of urological conditions.
Cystoscopy in Men
Cystoscopy in men is a urological procedure used to examine the bladder and urethra with an endoscope. It helps diagnose and treat conditions affecting the lower urinary tract.
Cytidine 5´-monophosphoric acid
Cytidine 5'-monophosphoric acid (CMP) is a naturally occurring nucleotide that plays a key role in cell membrane biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in the human body.
Cytochrome
Cytochromes are iron-containing proteins that play a central role in cellular energy metabolism. They are essential for cellular respiration and electron transport in the mitochondria.
Cytochrome c
Cytochrome c is a small mitochondrial protein that plays a central role in cellular energy production and in the regulation of programmed cell death (apoptosis).
Cytokine Regulation
Cytokine regulation controls the balance of immune signaling proteins in the body. It is essential for managing inflammation and a healthy immune response.
Cytokine Release
Cytokine release refers to the secretion of cytokines by immune cells. It regulates inflammatory responses but can become dangerous when dysregulated, leading to a cytokine storm.
Cytokine Storm
A cytokine storm is a life-threatening overreaction of the immune system in which large amounts of signaling proteins are released, potentially causing severe organ damage.
Cytostatic Agent
A cytostatic agent is a substance that inhibits the growth of cancer cells or destroys them. Cytostatics are primarily used in chemotherapy to treat malignant tumors.
Die neusten Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryAldehyde Metabolism
Aldehyde metabolism describes the biochemical processes by which the body breaks down aldehydes, primarily in the liver. It plays a key role in alcohol detoxification.
Bile Acid Secretion
Bile acid secretion is the process by which the liver produces and releases bile acids into bile. It is essential for fat digestion and the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
Die meistgelesenen Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryMagnesiumcarbonat
Magnesiumcarbonat ist eine anorganische Magnesiumverbindung mit säure-neutralisierender (antazidischer) Wirkung. Erfahre mehr über Vorteile, Einsatzgebiete und Unterschiede zu besser resorbierbaren Magnesiumformen.
Cologne list
The Cologne List ® is an important initiative in competitive sports that offers athletes guidance in the selection of nutritional supplements.
Calorie content
The choice of food influences our energy intake. The calorie content varies greatly - some provide little energy, others a lot.