Glossar: E

Do you have questions about specific symptoms or ingredients? Our glossary provides an A-to-Z guide to your health.

Regular tips about health Regular tips about health

E

560 Posts in this encyclopedia category

E100

E100 is the EU food additive code for curcumin, a natural yellow pigment derived from the turmeric root. It is used as a food colouring and is considered safe for consumption.

E101

E101 is an approved food colouring agent based on riboflavin (vitamin B2). It gives foods a yellow to orange-yellow colour and is considered safe for consumption.

E102

E102 (tartrazine) is a synthetic yellow food dye used in many processed foods and beverages. In sensitive individuals, it may trigger allergic reactions or worsen hyperactivity in children.

E104

E104 (Quinoline Yellow) is a synthetic food colorant that gives foods and beverages a yellowish-green hue. It is approved in the EU but subject to mandatory labeling requirements.

E110

E110 (Sunset Yellow FCF) is a synthetic azo dye used to give foods and drinks an orange-yellow colour. It has been linked to hyperactivity in children.

E1100

E1100 is the EU designation for alpha-amylase, an enzyme used in food processing as a processing aid, for example in baking and starch production.

E1101

E1101 is the European food additive code for proteases – enzymes used in food production as processing aids, for example to tenderize meat or improve dough handling.

E1102

E1102 is the EU food additive code for lysozyme, a naturally occurring enzyme with antimicrobial properties used as a preservative in food production.

E1103

E1103 (invertase) is an approved food enzyme that splits sucrose into glucose and fructose. It is widely used in confectionery and bakery production.

E1105

E1105 is the EU designation for lysozyme, a natural enzyme used as a food preservative, primarily in cheese and wine production.

E120, known as carmine or carminic acid, is a natural red food dye derived from cochineal insects. It is widely used in foods, cosmetics, and medicines and is approved in the EU and many other regions.

E1200

E1200 (polydextrose) is a synthetic soluble fiber used in food production as a bulking agent and fat replacer. It is low in calories and supports digestive health.

E1201

E1201 (polyvinylpyrrolidone) is an approved food additive used as a stabiliser and clarifying agent, for example in winemaking and beer production.

E1202

E1202 is the EU food additive polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), a synthetic clarifying agent used primarily in beverages such as beer and wine.

E1204

E1204 is the EU food additive designation for Pullulan, a natural polysaccharide used as a glazing agent in dietary supplements and certain foods.

E122

E122 (Carmoisine) is a synthetic red azo dye used as a food additive to colour foods and beverages. It has been linked to increased hyperactivity in children.

E123

E123 (Amaranth) is a synthetic red food colouring that is only permitted in a very limited range of products within the EU. It belongs to the group of azo dyes.

E129

E129 (Allura Red AC) is a synthetic red food dye approved in the EU, widely used to give foods, beverages, and confectionery a vivid red color.

E131

E131 (Patent Blue V) is a synthetic blue food colorant approved in the EU, used to give foods and beverages an intense blue color.

E132

E132, known as indigotine or indigo carmine, is a synthetic blue food colorant approved in the EU for use in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.

E133

E133 (Brilliant Blue FCF) is a synthetic blue food dye used in foods, beverages, and medicines. It gives products a vivid blue color and is approved in many countries worldwide.

E140

E140 is a natural green food colorant derived from chlorophyll. It is used in foods, beverages, and dietary supplements to provide or restore a green color.

E1400

E1400 (Dextrin) is an approved food additive used as a thickener and stabilizer in a wide range of processed food products.

E1401

E1401 is an approved food additive – an acid-treated starch used as a thickener and stabiliser in a wide range of food products.

E1402

E1402 refers to bleached starch, an approved food additive used as a thickener and stabilizer in a wide range of processed food products.

E1403

E1403 is bleached starch, a modified food additive used as a thickener and stabiliser in a wide range of processed food products.

E1404

E1404 is an approved food additive known as Oxidised Starch. It is used as a thickener and stabiliser in a wide range of food products.

E1405

E1405 is a food additive known as enzyme-treated starch, used as a thickener and stabiliser in a wide range of food products.

E141

E141 is an approved food colorant based on copper complexes of chlorophyll. It gives foods a stable green color and is considered safe when used as directed within regulatory limits.

E1410

E1410 (monostarch phosphate) is a modified starch used in food as a thickener and stabilizer. It improves the texture and consistency of many processed food products.

E1411

E1411 (distarch glycerol) is a chemically modified starch used as a food additive, functioning as a thickener and stabiliser in a wide range of processed foods.

E1412

E1412 (distarch phosphate) is a chemically modified starch used in food production as a thickener and stabiliser to improve texture and shelf life.

E1413

E1413 (Phosphated Distarch Phosphate) is a modified starch-based food additive used as a thickener and stabilizer in a wide range of processed food products.

E1414

E1414 (Acetylated Distarch Phosphate) is an approved food additive used as a thickener and stabiliser in a wide range of processed food products.

E142

E142 (Green S) is a synthetic green food colouring approved in the EU and used in various processed foods. It belongs to the triarylmethane dye group and may cause adverse reactions in sensitive individuals.

E1420

E1420 (hydroxypropyl starch) is a chemically modified food additive used as a thickener and stabiliser in many processed food products.

E1421

E1421 is a modified starch-based food additive used as a thickener and stabilizer in a wide range of processed food products.

E1422

E1422 (Acetylated Distarch Adipate) is a chemically modified starch-based food additive used as a thickener and stabilizer in ready meals, sauces, and frozen foods.

E1423

E1423 is a chemically modified starch used as a thickener and stabilizer in a wide range of processed food products.

E1440

E1440 (hydroxypropyl starch) is a chemically modified food additive used as a thickener and stabiliser in a wide range of processed foods.

E1441

E1441 (Hydroxypropyl Distarch Phosphate) is a chemically modified starch-based food additive widely used as a thickener and stabiliser in processed foods.

E1442

E1442 (Hydroxypropyl Distarch Phosphate) is a modified starch food additive widely used as a thickener and stabiliser in processed foods.

E1443

E1443 is an approved food additive (modified starch) used as a thickener and stabiliser in a wide range of food products.

E1450

E1450 (starch sodium octenyl succinate) is a modified food additive used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in a wide range of food products.

E1451

E1451 is a modified food additive (acetylated oxidized starch) used as a thickener and stabilizer in a wide range of processed food products.

E1452

E1452 (starch aluminium octenyl succinate) is a chemically modified starch-based food additive used as an emulsifier, stabiliser, and carrier in food and pharmaceutical products.

E1505

E1505 (triethyl citrate) is an approved food additive used as a carrier and foam stabilizer. It is considered safe when used as intended within regulated limits.

E150a

E150a is a natural food colouring agent known as plain caramel. It is produced by heating sugar without any additives and gives foods a characteristic brown colour.

E150b

E150b is a caramel brown food colouring produced by heating sugars with sulphite compounds. It is widely used in foods and beverages to achieve a deep brown colour.

E150c

E150c is an approved food colouring agent known as ammonia sulphite caramel. It is produced by heating sugars with ammonium and sulphite compounds, giving foods a characteristic brown colour.

E150d

E150d is an approved food colouring agent known as sulphite ammonia caramel. It is produced from sugar and gives foods and beverages a characteristic brown colour.

E151

E151 (Brilliant Black BN) is a synthetic black food colouring approved in the EU, used to give various food products an intense black or blue-black colour.

E1517

E1517 (glyceryl diacetate) is an approved food additive used as a carrier and solvent for flavourings and other food additives in the European Union.

E1518

E1518 (Triacetin) is an approved food additive used as a humectant and solvent. It is commonly found in flavorings, chewing gum, and cosmetic products.

E1519

E1519 (benzyl alcohol) is an approved food additive used as a solvent and flavoring carrier. It occurs naturally in many fruits and floral essential oils.

E1520

E1520 (Propylene Glycol) is an approved food additive used as a humectant, solvent, and carrier in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

E153

E153, known as Vegetable Carbon, is an approved natural food colorant that gives foods a deep black color. It is derived from plant-based materials and is permitted in the EU for use in certain cheese and confectionery products.

E155

E155 is a synthetic brown food colouring approved in the EU, mainly used in chocolate-flavoured products. It may cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

E160a

E160a is the EU designation for beta-carotene used as a natural food colouring agent. It gives foods a yellow-orange colour and is considered safe for human consumption.

E160b

E160b (Annatto) is a natural food colouring derived from the seeds of the achiote tree. It gives foods a yellow to orange hue and is considered largely safe for consumption.

E160c

E160c is a natural food colourant derived from paprika, giving foods a red to orange colour. It is considered well-tolerated and is approved for use in the EU.

E160d

E160d is the EU food additive code for lycopene, a natural red pigment found in tomatoes. It is used as a colorant in food products and is considered safe for consumption.

E160d

E160d is the EU food additive code for lycopene, a natural red pigment found in tomatoes. It is used as a colorant in food products and is considered safe for consumption.

E161b

E161b is a natural yellow-to-orange food colouring agent (lutein) used in a wide range of food products and considered safe for consumption.

E162

E162, known as betanin, is a natural red food colouring derived from beetroot. It is used in foods and beverages and is considered safe for consumption.

E163

E163 is a natural food colorant derived from anthocyanins, sourced from plants such as grapes and elderberries. It gives foods red, purple, and blue hues and is considered safe for consumption.

E170

E170 is the EU food additive calcium carbonate, a naturally occurring mineral used as a colorant, acidity regulator, and anti-caking agent in food products.

E171

E171 is the EU food additive code for titanium dioxide, a white pigment used in foods, medicines and cosmetics. It has been banned as a food additive in the EU since August 2022.

E172

E172 refers to iron oxides and iron hydroxides approved as food colorants in the EU. They provide yellow, red, brown, or black shades to food and pharmaceutical products.

E173

E173 is an approved food colorant based on aluminium, permitted in the EU exclusively for surface decoration of confectionery, dragees, and certain baked goods.

E174

E174 is an approved food colorant based on silver, permitted in the EU for decorative use on specific food products such as confectionery and chocolate.

E175

E175 is the EU food additive code for Gold, a metallic colourant approved exclusively for the decorative surface coating of certain foods such as chocolate and confectionery.

E180

E180 (Lithol Rubine BK) is a synthetic red food colorant approved in the EU exclusively for coloring the rind of certain hard and semi-hard cheeses.

E200

E200 is the EU food additive code for sorbic acid, a naturally occurring preservative that protects food from mould, yeasts, and bacteria.

E200

E200 is the EU food additive code for sorbic acid, a naturally occurring preservative that protects food from mould, yeasts, and bacteria.

E202

E202 (potassium sorbate) is a widely used food additive and preservative that inhibits the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria to extend the shelf life of food products.

E203

E203 (calcium sorbate) is an approved food additive used as a preservative to inhibit the growth of molds and yeasts in food products, extending their shelf life.

E203

E203 (calcium sorbate) is an approved food additive used as a preservative to inhibit the growth of molds and yeasts in food products, extending their shelf life.

E210

E210 is the EU approval number for benzoic acid, a permitted food additive used as a preservative. It inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and moulds in food and beverages.

E211

E211 (sodium benzoate) is a widely used food additive that acts as a preservative in beverages and food products to inhibit microbial growth.

E212

E212 (potassium benzoate) is an approved food additive used as a preservative to protect food and beverages from mould, yeast, and bacterial growth.

E213

E213 is a food additive known as calcium benzoate, used as a preservative to protect foods from mould, yeast, and bacterial growth.

E214

E214 (ethylparaben) is a synthetic preservative used in foods, cosmetics, and medicines to inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and moulds, thereby extending shelf life.

E215

E215 is a synthetic food additive from the paraben family, used as a preservative in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics to inhibit microbial growth.

E216

E216 (Propylparaben) is a synthetic preservative used to protect food, cosmetics, and medicines from mold and bacteria. As a food additive, E216 has been banned in the EU since 2006.

E217

E217 is a food additive from the paraben family used as a preservative. It inhibits the growth of microorganisms and extends the shelf life of food products.

E218

E218 (methylparaben) is a synthetic preservative used in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals to inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and moulds.

E219

E219 is an approved food additive from the paraben group, used as a preservative to protect food products against bacteria, yeasts, and moulds.

E220

E220 is the EU food additive code for sulphur dioxide (SO2), a gaseous preservative and antioxidant used primarily in wine, dried fruits, and fruit juices to extend shelf life.

E221

E221 is the EU food additive code for sodium sulphite, a preservative and antioxidant used in many foods and beverages to prevent discolouration and spoilage.

E223

E223 (sodium metabisulfite) is an approved food additive used as a preservative and antioxidant. It inhibits bacterial and fungal growth and prevents enzymatic browning in food products.

E224

E224 (potassium metabisulfite) is an approved food additive used as a preservative and antioxidant. It protects foods and beverages from oxidation and microbial spoilage.

E225

E225 (potassium disulfite) is an approved food additive used as a preservative and antioxidant. It protects food from microbial spoilage and oxidation.

E227

E227 (Potassium Disulfite) is an approved food additive used as a preservative and antioxidant in a wide range of foods and beverages.

E228

E228 (potassium hydrogen sulphite) is an approved food additive used as a preservative and antioxidant in a wide range of foods and beverages.

E230

E230 (Biphenyl) is a synthetic preservative applied to the surface of citrus fruits to prevent mould growth during transport and storage.

E231

E231 (sodium orthophenylphenol) is a synthetic preservative and fungicide applied to the surface of citrus fruits after harvest to prevent mould growth during storage and transport.

E234

E234 (Nisin) is a natural preservative derived from lactic acid bacteria, used in food products to inhibit the growth of harmful gram-positive bacteria.

E235

E235 (Natamycin) is an approved food additive with antifungal properties, used for the surface treatment of cheese and cured meat products to prevent mould growth.

E236

E236 is the EU food additive formic acid, an organic acid used as a preservative to protect food products from bacteria, yeasts, and mold growth.

E237

E237 is the EU food additive sodium formate, a salt of formic acid used as a preservative. It inhibits the growth of microorganisms and extends the shelf life of certain foods.

E238

E238 (calcium formate) is an approved food additive used as a preservative. It inhibits the growth of moulds and bacteria and is primarily used in animal feed and certain food products.

E239

E239 (hexamethylenetetramine) is an approved food additive used as a preservative to inhibit the growth of bacteria and mould in certain foods.

E242

E242 (dimethyl dicarbonate) is an approved food additive used as a preservative and cold sterilisation agent in beverages to inhibit microbial growth.

E249

E249 is the EU designation for potassium nitrite, a preservative used in processed meat products to inhibit bacterial growth, prevent botulism, and maintain the characteristic cured color.

E250

E250 is the EU food additive sodium nitrite, a preservative used in meat and cured products to inhibit bacterial growth and stabilize color.

E251

E251 is the EU approval number for sodium nitrate, a preservative used primarily in cured meat and fish products to inhibit bacterial growth and stabilize color.

E252

E252 (potassium nitrate) is an approved food additive used as a preservative, primarily in cured meat and sausage products.

E260

E260 is the EU approval number for acetic acid, a naturally occurring substance used as a preservative and acidity regulator in food products.

E261

E261 is the EU food additive potassium acetate, a salt of acetic acid used as a preservative, acidity regulator, and buffering agent in food products.

E262

E262 is an approved food additive (sodium acetate and sodium diacetate) used as a preservative and acidity regulator in a wide range of food products.

E263

E263 is the EU food additive code for calcium acetate, used as a preservative and acidity regulator in various food products.

E270

E270 is the EU designation for lactic acid, a naturally occurring preservative and acidulant widely used in food production.

E280

E280 is the EU designation for propionic acid, a naturally occurring preservative that protects food products from mould and bacterial spoilage.

E281

E281 (sodium propionate) is an approved food additive used as a preservative in baked goods and other foods to inhibit the growth of mould and bacteria.

E282

E282 (calcium propionate) is an approved food additive used as a preservative in baked goods to inhibit mould growth and bacterial contamination, extending shelf life.

E283

E283 (Potassium Propionate) is an approved food additive used as a preservative. It inhibits the growth of mould and bacteria in baked goods and other food products.

E284

E284 is the EU food additive code for boric acid, a preservative with antimicrobial properties that is approved only for very limited use within the European Union.

E285

E285 (sodium tetraborate, borax) is a food additive with preservative properties that is only approved in the EU under very strict restrictions due to toxicological concerns.

E290

E290 is the food additive carbon dioxide, a colorless and odorless gas used as a carbonation agent, preservative, and propellant in food and beverages.

E296

E296 is the EU food additive code for malic acid, a naturally occurring organic acid used as an acidity regulator and flavor enhancer in a wide range of food products.

E297

E297 is the EU approval number for fumaric acid, a naturally occurring organic acid used as an acidity regulator and flavoring agent in food products.

E300

E300 is the official EU designation for ascorbic acid, commonly known as Vitamin C, used as an approved food additive. It acts as an antioxidant and preservative in a wide range of food products.

E301

E301 is the food additive sodium ascorbate, a salt of vitamin C. It functions as an antioxidant and preservative in a wide range of food products.

E302

E302 is the EU food additive ascorbyl palmitate, a fat-soluble antioxidant derived from vitamin C that protects foods from oxidation and rancidity.

E303

E303 (potassium ascorbate) is an approved food additive used as an antioxidant. It is the potassium salt of ascorbic acid, commonly known as Vitamin C.

E304

E304 is the food additive ascorbyl palmitate, a fat-soluble antioxidant used to protect foods from oxidative spoilage and extend their shelf life.

E306

E306 is a natural food additive based on tocopherols (Vitamin E), used as an antioxidant to protect foods from spoilage caused by oxidation.

E307

E307 is synthetic alpha-tocopherol, a form of Vitamin E used as an antioxidant food additive. It protects fats and oils from oxidative spoilage and rancidity.

E308

E308 is a synthetically produced antioxidant (gamma-tocopherol) used in the food industry to protect fats and oils from oxidation and extend shelf life.

E309

E309 (delta-tocopherol) is a synthetic antioxidant food additive from the vitamin E family, used to protect fats and oils in processed foods from oxidation and rancidity.

E310

E310 (propyl gallate) is a synthetic food additive used as an antioxidant to protect fats and oils in food products from oxidative spoilage and rancidity.

E311

E311 (octyl gallate) is a synthetic food additive used as an antioxidant to protect fats and oils in food products from oxidative spoilage and rancidity.

E312

E312 (dodecyl gallate) is an approved food additive from the gallate group, used as an antioxidant to protect fat-containing foods from oxidative spoilage.

E315

E315 (erythorbic acid) is an approved food additive used as an antioxidant in meat and fish products to preserve colour and freshness.

E316

E316 (sodium erythorbate) is an approved food additive used as an antioxidant in meat and cured products to preserve colour, freshness, and shelf life.

E317

E317 (erythorbic acid) is an approved food additive used as an antioxidant. It protects food from oxidative spoilage and discoloration, particularly in meat and fish products.

E318

E318 is the EU code for ascorbyl stearate, a fat-soluble antioxidant derived from vitamin C and stearic acid, used to protect foods from oxidation and rancidity.

E319

E319 (TBHQ) is a synthetic antioxidant food additive used to protect fats and oils from oxidation, extending the shelf life of many processed foods.

E320

E320 (Butylhydroxytoluene, BHT) is a synthetic antioxidant food additive used in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals to protect fats and oils from oxidation and spoilage.

E321

E321 (Butylated Hydroxytoluene, BHT) is a synthetic antioxidant used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals to prevent the oxidation of fats and extend product shelf life.

E322

E322 is the EU food additive code for lecithins, natural emulsifiers derived from plants or eggs, widely used in the food industry.

E325

E325 is the EU food additive sodium lactate, the sodium salt of lactic acid. It is used as an acidity regulator, humectant, and preservative in a wide range of food products.

E326

E326 (Potassium Lactate) is an approved food additive used as an acidity regulator, antioxidant, and preservative in a wide range of food products.

E327

E327 is the EU food additive calcium lactate, a salt derived from lactic acid. It is used as an acidity regulator, firming agent, and calcium source in foods.

E330

E330 is the designation for citric acid, a natural food additive widely used as an acidulant, preservative, and antioxidant in foods and beverages.

E330 (Zitronensäure)

E330 ist die Lebensmittelkennzeichnung für Zitronensäure, eine organische Säure, die natürlicherweise in vielen Früchten – insbesondere Zitrusfrüchten – vorkommt.

E331

E331 refers to sodium citrates, salts of citric acid used as food additives for acidifying, buffering, and stabilizing a wide range of food products.

E332

E332 refers to potassium citrates, salts of citric acid used as acidity regulators and stabilizers in food products. They are considered safe and are approved in the EU and many other countries.

E333

E333 is the EU code for calcium citrates, used as food additives for acidity regulation and firming. They are considered safe and also serve as a bioavailable source of calcium.

E334

E334 is the food additive designation for tartaric acid, a naturally occurring organic acid used as an acidity regulator and antioxidant in a wide range of food products.

E335

E335 refers to sodium tartrates, salts of tartaric acid, used as acidity regulators and stabilisers in food products and considered safe for consumption.

E336

E336 refers to potassium tartrates, the potassium salts of tartaric acid, used as acidity regulators and stabilisers in food products.

E337

E337 (potassium sodium tartrate) is an approved food additive used as an acidity regulator, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It occurs naturally in grapes and is derived from tartaric acid.

E338

E338 is the food additive phosphoric acid, an approved acidity regulator and antioxidant used primarily in soft drinks such as cola beverages.

E339

E339 is the EU designation for sodium phosphates, approved food additives used as acidity regulators, emulsifiers, and stabilizers in processed foods.

E340

E340 is the EU approval number for potassium phosphates, a group of food additives used as acidity regulators, stabilisers, and emulsifiers in a wide range of food products.

E341

E341 is the EU designation for calcium phosphates approved as food additives. They function as acidity regulators, leavening agents, and stabilizers in baked goods, beverages, and dietary supplements.

E343

E343 refers to magnesium phosphates, which are approved food additives used as acidity regulators, anti-caking agents, and stabilizers in various food products.

E350

E350 is an approved food additive (sodium malate) used as an acidity regulator and acidulant in a wide range of processed foods.

E351

E351 refers to potassium malate, a salt of malic acid. It is used as an acidifier and acidity regulator in food products and is considered safe for human consumption.

E352

E352 is the EU designation for calcium malates, food additives used as acidity regulators and firming agents to stabilize pH and texture in processed foods.

E353

E353 (metatartaric acid) is an approved food additive used as a stabilizer primarily in winemaking to prevent the formation of tartrate crystal deposits in wine.

E354

E354 is the EU food additive magnesium acetate, a salt of acetic acid used as an acidity regulator and stabiliser in food products.

E355

E355 is the EU food additive code for adipic acid, an organic acid used as an acidulant and acidity regulator in various food products.

E356

E356 (dipotassium malate) is an approved food additive used as an acidity regulator and buffering agent in the food industry.

E357

E357 is the EU food additive potassium malate, a salt of malic acid. It is used as an acidity regulator and flavour enhancer in a wide range of food products.

E363

E363 (ammonium succinate) is an approved food additive used as an acidity regulator in processed foods to stabilise pH and enhance flavour.

E380

E380 (triammonium citrate) is an approved food additive used as an acidity regulator and emulsifier in processed food products.

E385

E385 (calcium disodium EDTA) is an approved food additive used as an antioxidant and stabiliser in processed foods to extend shelf life and prevent discolouration.

E400

E400 is the EU food additive code for alginic acid, a natural gelling and thickening agent derived from brown seaweed.

E401

E401 (Sodium Alginate) is an approved food additive of natural origin used as a thickener, gelling agent, and stabilizer in a wide range of food products.

E402

E402 (Potassium Alginate) is a plant-based food additive used as a thickener, stabilizer, and gelling agent. It is derived from brown seaweed and is considered safe for consumption.

E403

E403 (ammonium alginate) is an approved food additive used as a thickener, gelling agent, and stabilizer. It is derived from brown seaweed and is considered safe for consumption.

E404

E404 is not an approved food additive and does not exist as an official E-number under EU food additive regulations.

E405

E405 (Propylene Glycol Alginate) is an approved food additive used as an emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer. It is derived from brown seaweed.

E406

E406 is the EU food additive code for agar-agar, a plant-based gelling agent derived from red algae. It is widely used as a thickener and stabilizer in food products.

E407

E407 is the EU food additive code for carrageenan, a natural thickener derived from red seaweed, widely used in dairy, meat, and processed food products.

E410

E410 is the EU food additive locust bean gum, a natural thickener derived from the seeds of the carob tree. It is widely used as a stabilizer and gelling agent in many food products.

E412

E412 ist der Lebensmittelzusatzstoff für Guarkernmehl, ein pflanzliches Verdickungsmittel, das aus den Samen des Guarbaums (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) gewonnen wird.

E413

E413 is the EU code for tragacanth, a natural plant gum used as a thickener and stabilizer in a wide range of food products.

E414

E414 is the EU food additive code for acacia gum, a natural thickener and emulsifier derived from the resin of acacia trees. It is widely used in food and is considered safe for consumption.

E415

E415 is the EU food additive code for xanthan gum, a natural thickener produced by microbial fermentation. It is widely used in foods, sauces, and gluten-free products.

E416

E416 is the EU designation for karaya gum, a natural thickener derived from the resin of the Sterculia urens tree, used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

E418

E418 (gellan gum) is an approved food additive used as a gelling agent, thickener, and stabilizer in a wide range of food and beverage products.

E421

E421 is the EU food additive code for mannitol, a naturally occurring sugar alcohol used as a sweetener, anticaking agent, and humectant in food and as an active pharmaceutical ingredient.

E422

E422 is the EU food additive code for glycerol (glycerin), a natural sugar alcohol widely used as a humectant, softener, and sweetener in food products.

E425

E425 is a plant-based food additive derived from the konjac root, used as a thickener and gelling agent in a wide range of food products.

E432

E432 (Polysorbate 20) is a synthetic emulsifier used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals to blend water and oil into stable mixtures.

E433

E433 (Polysorbate 80) is a synthetic emulsifier used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals to blend water and fat into stable mixtures.

E434

E434 (Polysorbate 40) is a synthetic emulsifier used in food products to blend water and fat, ensuring a smooth and stable consistency.

E435

E435 (Polysorbate 60) is a synthetic emulsifier used in food products to blend water and fat, creating a smooth, uniform texture.

E436

E436 (Polysorbate 65) is an approved food emulsifier that blends fats and water together, used in various food products to improve texture and stability.

E440

E440 is the EU designation for pectins, natural gelling agents derived from plants, widely used in the food industry as thickeners and stabilizers.

E442

E442 refers to ammonium phosphatides, an approved food emulsifier used primarily in chocolate production to achieve a smooth, uniform texture and consistency.

E444

E444 (Sucrose Acetate Isobutyrate) is an approved food additive used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in flavored beverages and drinks.

E445

E445 is an approved food additive known as Glycerol Ester of Wood Rosin, used as an emulsifier and weighting agent in flavored beverages.

E450

E450 is a food additive from the phosphate group, used as an emulsifying salt, stabiliser, and leavening agent in many processed foods.

E451

E451 is the EU approval number for triphosphates, a group of phosphate salts used as food additives. They act as emulsifying salts, stabilizers, and moisture-retaining agents in processed foods.

E452

E452 is the EU designation for polyphosphates, approved food additives used as melting salts, stabilizers, and moisture-retaining agents in processed foods.

E459

E459 is the EU food additive designation for beta-cyclodextrin, a ring-shaped sugar molecule used as a carrier and stabiliser in food products.

E460

E460 is a plant-based food additive derived from cellulose, used as a bulking agent, anti-caking agent, and stabilizer in food products. It is considered safe and approved by the EFSA.

E461

E461 (methylcellulose) is a plant-based food additive used as a thickener, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is gluten-free, non-absorbable, and considered safe for consumption.

E462

E462 (Ethylcellulose) is an approved food additive used as a carrier, binder, and filler in food supplements and pharmaceutical products.

E463

E463 (Hydroxypropylcellulose) is an approved food additive used as a thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It is a chemically modified derivative of natural cellulose.

E464

E464 (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) is a plant-derived food additive used as a thickener, stabiliser, and gelling agent in a wide range of food products.

E465

E465 is the EU food additive Methylethylcellulose, a plant-derived thickener and emulsifier used in processed foods to stabilize and improve texture.

E466

E466 (carboxymethylcellulose) is an approved food additive used as a thickener, stabiliser, and gelling agent in a wide range of food products.

E467

E467 (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) is an approved food additive used as a thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifier in food products and pharmaceuticals.

E468

E468 is a crosslinked sodium carboxymethylcellulose derivative used as a food additive and pharmaceutical excipient, primarily as a bulking and separating agent.

E469

E469 is an approved food additive – enzymatically hydrolyzed carboxymethylcellulose – used as a thickener and stabilizer in processed foods.

E470a

E470a refers to sodium salts of fatty acids, a food additive used as an emulsifier, stabiliser, and release agent in various food products.

E470b

E470b refers to magnesium salts of food-grade fatty acids, approved as a food additive used for emulsifying, stabilizing, and as an anti-caking or release agent.

E471

E471 refers to mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, approved food emulsifiers that bind fat and water in products such as baked goods, margarine, and ice cream.

E472a

E472a is an approved food additive (acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides) used as an emulsifier in the food industry.

E472b

E472b is an approved food emulsifier based on lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides. It improves texture and shelf life in baked goods, margarines, and processed foods.

E472c

E472c is an approved food emulsifier made from citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids. It improves texture and shelf life in baked goods, margarines, and other food products.

E472d

E472d is an approved food emulsifier based on tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids. It improves texture and shelf life in baked goods.

E472e

E472e is an approved food emulsifier based on mono- and diglycerides esterified with diacetyl tartaric acid. It improves texture and shelf life in baked goods and other processed foods.

E472f

E472f is a food additive (tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides) used as an emulsifier in baked goods, margarines, and other processed foods.

E473

E473 is the EU code for sucrose esters of fatty acids, a group of food additives used as emulsifiers in a wide range of processed food products.

E474

E474 is the EU food additive code for sucrose esters of fatty acids, an approved emulsifier used to improve texture and stability in a wide range of food products.

E475

E475 is an approved food emulsifier based on polyglycerol esters of fatty acids. It improves texture and shelf life in baked goods, margarines, and confectionery products.

E476

E476 (polyglycerol polyricinoleate, PGPR) is an approved food emulsifier used primarily in chocolate and cocoa products to improve viscosity and flow properties.

E477

E477 is an approved food emulsifier made from propylene glycol esters of fatty acids. It improves texture and shelf life in baked goods and confectionery.

E479b

E479b is an approved food additive (thermally oxidised soya bean oil interacted with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids) used as an emulsifier in high-fat and deep-frying food applications.

E481

E481 (Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate) is an approved food emulsifier widely used in baked goods to improve texture, dough stability, and shelf life.

E482

E482 (calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate) is an approved food emulsifier used in baked goods and other foods to improve texture, volume, and shelf life.

E483

E483 (Sorbitan Tristearate) is an approved food emulsifier used in baked goods and chocolate to blend fats and water, improving texture and shelf life.

E491

E491 is an approved food additive known as sorbitan monostearate, widely used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in food products.

E492

E492 (sorbitan tristearate) is an approved food emulsifier that binds fats and water in food products, improving texture, consistency, and shelf life.

E493

E493 (sorbitan monolaurate) is an approved food emulsifier that binds fat and water in food products, improving texture and stability.

E494

E494 (Sorbitan Monooleate) is an approved food emulsifier used as a stabilizer and release agent in various food products.

E495

E495 (sorbitan monoisostearate) is an approved food emulsifier derived from sorbitol and isostearic acid, used to blend ingredients evenly in foods and cosmetics.

E501

E501 is the EU food additive code for potassium carbonates, used as leavening agents and acidity regulators in food. They are considered safe and are approved in the EU.

E503

E503 is an approved food additive belonging to the group of ammonium carbonates, used as a leavening agent in baking. It is also known as hartshorn salt.

E504

E504 is the EU food additive magnesium carbonate, used as an acidity regulator, anticaking agent, and raising agent in various food products.

E507

E507 is the EU food additive code for hydrochloric acid, a strong inorganic acid used as an acidity regulator and pH-control agent in food manufacturing.

E508

E508 is the EU food additive designation for potassium chloride, a salt substitute and gelling agent that occurs naturally in many foods and is essential for human health.

E509

E509 is the EU food additive calcium chloride, a firming agent and salt widely used in the food industry to improve texture and extend shelf life.

E511

E511 is the EU food additive code for magnesium chloride, a mineral salt used as a firming agent and carrier in food production and as a magnesium source in dietary supplements.

E512

E512 (stannous chloride) is an approved food additive used as an antioxidant and colour stabiliser in certain processed foods, particularly canned vegetables.

E513

E513 is the EU food additive designation for sulphuric acid, used as an acidity regulator and pH-control agent in food manufacturing processes.

E514

E514 is the European code for sodium sulfates, a group of inorganic salts approved as food additives. They are primarily used as carriers and processing aids in food production.

E515

E515 is the EU designation for potassium sulphates, used as food additives for acidity regulation and as carriers. They are considered safe when used as intended.

E516

E516 is the EU food additive calcium sulfate, a naturally occurring mineral used as a firming agent, acidity regulator, and raising agent in food products.

E517

E517 is the EU food additive code for ammonium sulphate, a flour treatment agent and acidity regulator used in baked goods and fermented products.

E520

E520 is the EU food additive aluminium sulphate, an inorganic aluminium salt used as a firming agent and buffering substance in certain foods.

E521

E521 is the EU food additive code for aluminium sulphate, a firming agent used in certain foods to maintain texture and consistency during processing and storage.

E522

E522 is the EU designation for aluminium sulphates, used as acidity regulators and firming agents in food. Their use is strictly limited to a small number of food categories under EU regulations.

E523

E523 is the EU food additive code for aluminium sulphate, used as a firming agent and stabiliser in certain foods, subject to strict regulatory limits in the European Union.

E524

E524 (Sodium Hydroxide) is an approved food additive used as an acidity regulator and pH-control agent in food production and processing.

E525

E525 is the food additive number for potassium hydroxide, a strongly alkaline substance used as an acidity regulator and pH-correcting agent in food processing.

E526

E526 is the EU designation for calcium hydroxide, an approved food additive used as an acidity regulator, firming agent, and raising agent in various food products.

E527

E527 is the food additive ammonium hydroxide, an alkaline compound used as an acidity regulator and leavening agent in various food products.

E528

E528 is the EU food additive magnesium hydroxide, an acidity regulator and firming agent used in food production to control pH levels and improve texture.

E529

E529 is the EU food additive code for calcium hydroxide, an acidity regulator and firming agent used in various food products.

E530

E530 is the EU food additive magnesium oxide – a white powder used as an anticaking agent and acidity regulator in various food products.

E535

E535 (Sodium Ferrocyanide) is an approved food additive used as an anti-caking agent in table salt to prevent clumping and ensure free-flowing texture.

E536

E536 (potassium ferrocyanide) is an approved food additive used as an anti-caking agent in table salt to prevent clumping and maintain free-flowing properties.

E538

E538 (calcium ferrocyanide) is an approved food additive used as an anti-caking agent in table salt to prevent clumping and maintain free-flowing properties.

E541

E541 (Sodium Aluminium Phosphate) is an approved food additive used as a leavening agent and acidulant in baked goods and baking powder mixtures.

E551

E551 is silicon dioxide, an approved food additive used as an anti-caking agent in powders and spices to prevent clumping and improve flowability.

E552

E552 is the food additive calcium silicate, an approved anti-caking agent and separating agent. It prevents powders from clumping and is used in salt, spices, and dietary supplements.

E553a

E553a is an approved food additive (magnesium silicate) used as an anti-caking agent and release agent in a variety of food products.

E553b

E553b is an approved food additive (talc) used as an anti-caking agent, coating agent, and filler in food products. It is considered safe when used as intended within regulated limits.

E554

E554 (sodium aluminium silicate) is an approved food additive used as an anti-caking agent and separating agent in powdered and granulated food products.

E555

E555 is an approved food additive (potassium aluminium silicate) used as an anti-caking agent and release agent in various food products.

E556

E556 (calcium aluminium silicate) is an approved food additive used as an anticaking agent and release agent in powdered food products.

E558

E558 is the European food additive number for bentonite, a natural clay mineral. It is used as a clarifying and filtering aid, primarily in winemaking and beverage production.

E559

E559 is an approved food additive based on aluminium silicate (kaolin), used as an anti-caking agent and release agent in various food products.

E570

E570 is the EU designation for fatty acids as an approved food additive. They are used as release agents, coating agents, and antifoaming agents in various food products.

E574

E574 is the EU food additive code for gluconic acid, a naturally occurring organic acid used as an acidity regulator and acidulant in food products.

E575

E575 (Glucono-delta-lactone) is a naturally occurring acidity regulator and food additive used in food manufacturing as an acidulant, gelling aid, and preserving agent.

E577

E577 is the EU food additive potassium gluconate, a salt of gluconic acid. It is used as a sequestrant and stabiliser in food products.

E578

E578 is calcium gluconate, an approved food additive used as an acidity regulator, firming agent, and sequestrant in a variety of food products.

E579

E579 is the EU food additive ferrous gluconate, an iron salt used primarily as a colour stabiliser in processed olives and as an acidity regulator in various food products.

E585

E585 (magnesium lactate) is an approved food additive used as a firming agent and acidity regulator, and occurs naturally in fermented foods.

E620

E620 is the EU food additive code for glutamic acid, a naturally occurring amino acid used as a flavour enhancer in a wide range of processed foods.

E621

E621 auch bekannt als Mononatriumglutamat (MSG), ist ein weit verbreiteter Geschmacksverstärker, der den sogenannten Umami-Geschmack intensiviert (herzhafter, fleischähnlicher Geschmack vieler Speisen).

E622

E622 is the EU food additive monopotassium glutamate, a flavour enhancer derived from glutamic acid. It intensifies the savoury umami taste in processed foods.

E623

E623 (calcium diglutamate) is a food additive used as a flavour enhancer. It intensifies the umami taste in foods and is the calcium salt of glutamic acid.

E626

E626 is the food additive designation for guanylic acid, a naturally occurring flavor enhancer from the nucleotide group that intensifies the umami taste in foods.

E627

E627 (Disodium Guanylate) is a food additive used as a flavor enhancer that intensifies the umami taste in processed and savory foods.

E628

E628 (Dipotassium guanylate) is an approved food additive used as a flavor enhancer that intensifies the umami taste in processed foods.

E629

E629 (potassium 5´-inosinate) is an approved food additive used as a flavor enhancer that intensifies the umami taste in processed foods.

E630

E630 (inosinic acid) is an approved food additive used as a flavor enhancer that intensifies the savory umami taste in a wide range of food products.

E631

E631 (disodium inosinate) is a flavor enhancer used in food products to intensify the savory umami taste. It is most commonly used in combination with E621 (monosodium glutamate).

E632

E632 (dipotassium inosinate) is a food additive used as a flavor enhancer. It intensifies the umami taste and is commonly used alongside E621 (monosodium glutamate) in processed foods.

E633

E633 (calcium inosinate) is an approved flavour enhancer used in processed foods. It boosts the savoury umami taste and is commonly combined with glutamates for a stronger effect.

E634

E634 refers to Calcium 5´-Ribonucleotides, a flavor enhancer used in food production to intensify the umami taste, often used alongside glutamate.

E635

E635 (Disodium 5-Ribonucleotides) is a flavour enhancer used in processed foods to intensify the umami taste, commonly combined with monosodium glutamate.

E640

E640 is the EU designation for the food additive glycine and its sodium salts, used as a flavour enhancer and mild sweetener in food products.

E650

E650 is the EU food additive code for zinc acetate, a zinc salt of acetic acid. It is used as a flavoring agent and food additive while also providing the essential trace element zinc.

E900

E900 (dimethylpolysiloxane) is an approved food additive used as an anti-foaming agent. It prevents foam formation during food processing and is authorized in the EU and many other countries.

E901

E901 is an approved food additive (beeswax) used as a glazing agent and release agent in a variety of food products.

E902

E902 is the EU food additive candelilla wax, a natural plant-based wax derived from the candelilla shrub. It is used as a glazing agent and release agent in various foods.

E903

E903 is the EU food additive carnauba wax, a natural plant-based wax used as a glazing and coating agent in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

E904

E904, known as shellac, is a natural resin used as a glazing and coating agent on sweets, fresh fruit, and pharmaceutical tablets in the EU.

E907

E907 (Crystalline Wax) is an approved food additive used as a glazing and release agent. It gives food surfaces a shiny protective coating and prevents sticking.

E912

E912 (montan acid esters) is an approved food additive used as a glazing and surface-coating agent, primarily applied to fresh fruits to extend shelf life and enhance appearance.

E914

E914 is an approved food additive based on oxidised beeswax, used as a glazing agent on fruits, confectionery, and other food products.

E920

E920 is the EU food additive code for L-cysteine, an amino acid used as a flour treatment agent in baked goods to improve dough texture and processing.

E927b

E927b is the EU food additive carbamide (urea), used as a flour treatment agent to improve dough properties. Its use in food is restricted to specific product categories under EU regulations.

E938

E938 is the EU food additive code for Argon, a colorless and odorless noble gas used in the food industry as a protective packaging gas to extend shelf life.

E939

E939 is the EU food additive code for helium, a colorless and odorless noble gas used in the food industry as a propellant and packaging gas.

E941

E941 is nitrogen – a colorless and odorless gas used as a food additive for packaging and preserving food products.

E942

E942 is the EU food additive code for nitrous oxide (N₂O), a colourless gas used as a propellant in food products such as whipped cream sprays.

E943a

E943a is an approved food additive (isobutane) used as a propellant gas in food products. It is considered safe when used as intended.

E943b

E943b is an approved food additive (isobutane) used as a propellant gas in food products. It is commonly found in spray cans and is considered safe when used as intended.

E944

E944 (octafluorocyclobutane) is an approved propellant gas in the food industry. It is chemically inert, colourless, and odourless, used in specific packaging applications.

E955

E955 is the EU food additive code for sucralose, a zero-calorie artificial sweetener derived from sugar that is approximately 600 times sweeter than sucrose.

E957

E957 is the EU designation for thaumatin, a natural sweetener and flavor enhancer derived from the katemfe fruit. It is up to 2000 times sweeter than sugar.

E959

E959 (Neohesperidine DC) is a synthetic intense sweetener derived from citrus fruits, approved for use in foods and beverages across the European Union.

E960

E960 is an approved food additive based on steviol glycosides, extracted from the stevia plant. It is used as a low-calorie sweetener in foods and beverages.

E962

E962 (Neotame) is a synthetic high-intensity sweetener approved as a food additive in the EU, offering a sweetness many thousands of times greater than sugar.

E967

E967 is the EU food additive code for xylitol, a natural sugar alcohol used as a sweetener with tooth-protective properties and a low glycaemic index.

E999

E999 is an approved food additive (foaming agent) derived from the bark of the Quillaja tree. It is mainly used in beverages to create stable foam and improved texture.

eaas

EAAs (Essential Amino Acids) are amino acids the human body cannot produce on its own and must obtain through diet or supplementation to support vital bodily functions.

Eales Disease

Eales disease is a rare inflammatory condition affecting the peripheral retinal blood vessels, primarily in young men, and can lead to vision loss.

Ear

The ear is the human sensory organ responsible for hearing and balance. It consists of three sections: the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear.

Ear Acupuncture

Ear acupuncture is a therapy in which fine needles are placed at specific points on the outer ear to relieve symptoms and promote healing throughout the body.

Ear Pain

Ear pain is a common symptom that can be caused by infections, inflammation, or injury in or around the ear. It affects both children and adults.

Early Detection Examination

An early detection examination is a medical check-up designed to identify diseases or health risks before symptoms appear, significantly improving treatment outcomes.

Early Diagnosis

Early diagnosis refers to the detection of diseases before significant symptoms appear. It greatly improves treatment options and overall prognosis for patients.

Early Pregnancy

Early pregnancy covers the first 12 weeks of gestation. During this phase, the embryo develops rapidly and all major organs begin to form.

Eccrine

Eccrine refers to the eccrine sweat glands, the most important glands for regulating body temperature. They are distributed across nearly all skin surfaces and secrete a watery sweat.

ECG

An ECG (electrocardiogram) is a diagnostic test that records the electrical activity of the heart. It is used to detect arrhythmias, heart attacks, and other cardiac conditions.

ECG Infarction Signs

ECG infarction signs are characteristic changes in the electrocardiogram that indicate a heart attack, enabling rapid diagnosis and life-saving treatment.

Echinacea

Echinacea, auch bekannt als Sonnenhut, bezeichnet eine Pflanzengattung aus der Familie der Korbblütler (Asteraceae), die ursprünglich aus Nordamerika stammt.

Echinococcosis

Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease caused by larval tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus, which can form cysts or infiltrates in internal organs.

Echocardiography

Echocardiography is an ultrasound-based imaging technique used to examine the heart. It provides detailed information about heart structure, function, and blood flow without radiation or pain.

Echopraxia

Echopraxia is the involuntary imitation of another person's movements or gestures. It occurs in various neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Ecological Valence

Ecological valence describes the tolerance range of a species towards environmental factors, indicating the conditions under which organisms can survive and thrive.

Ectopia

Ectopia refers to the displacement of an organ or tissue to an abnormal location in the body. It can be congenital or acquired.

Ectopic pregnancy

Eine Eileiterschwangerschaft ist eine Form der Schwangerschaft, bei der sich die befruchtete Eizelle außerhalb der Gebärmutter, meist im Eileiter, einnistet.

Edamame

Edamame sind unreif geerntete Sojabohnen, die traditionell in der asiatischen Küche Verwendung finden.

Edema Prophylaxis

Edema prophylaxis includes preventive measures to avoid abnormal fluid accumulation in body tissues. It is a key component of nursing care and medical prevention.

Edema Therapy

Edema therapy includes all measures used to treat abnormal fluid accumulation in body tissues. The goal is to reduce swelling and improve the quality of life of affected patients.

Edman Degradation

Edman degradation is a biochemical method for sequencing proteins by stepwise removal and identification of amino acids from the N-terminal end of a peptide chain.

Efferents

Efferents are nerve fibers that carry signals from the brain or spinal cord to muscles and organs. They control motor and autonomic body functions.

Efficacy

Efficacy describes how well a medication, therapy, or intervention achieves its intended effect. It is a key criterion in medical research and the approval of treatments.

EFSA

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the European Union's central institution for the scientific assessment of food safety, food supplements and health claims made on foods.

EGD

EGD (esophagogastroduodenoscopy) is an endoscopic procedure used to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. It is a key diagnostic and therapeutic tool for upper gastrointestinal conditions.

EGF Receptor

The EGF receptor (EGFR) is a cell surface protein that transmits growth signals. Mutations in this receptor play a key role in several types of cancer.

eGFR

The eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) measures kidney function and indicates how well the kidneys filter the blood. A low value may indicate kidney disease.

EHEC

EHEC are dangerous gut bacteria causing diarrhea and kidney damage.

Eichenrinde

Eichenrinde ist ein traditionell verwendetes pflanzliches Arzneimittel mit hohem Gehalt an Gerbstoffen – insbesondere Gallotanninen und Ellagtanninen.

Eicosanoid

Eicosanoids are biologically active lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids that regulate key body functions including inflammation, immune defense, and blood clotting.

Eisen(III)-oxid (Fe₂O₃) | Hämatit

Eisen(III)-oxid (Fe₂O₃), auch bekannt als Hämatit, ist ein weit verbreitetes Eisenoxid-Mineral, das zur Gruppe der Eisenerze gehört und als eines der wichtigsten Rohmaterialien für die Stahlproduktion dient.

Eisen(III)-oxid-Fe₄O₅

Fe₄O₅, auch bekannt als Eisen(III)-oxid-Fe₄O₅, ist eine seltene Eisenoxidverbindung, die in der Chemie und Materialwissenschaft von Interesse ist.

Eisenmenger Reaction

The Eisenmenger reaction is a severe complication of congenital heart defects in which elevated lung pressure causes a reversal of blood flow, leading to oxygen deficiency.

Eisenoxid (FeO)

Eisenoxid (FeO), auch als Eisenmonoxid bekannt, ist eine chemische Verbindung aus Eisen und Sauerstoff.

Eisenpräparate

Eisenpräparate helfen bei Eisenmangel. Erfahre, welche Formen es gibt, wann Lactoferrin eine verträgliche Alternative ist und wann eine Infusion notwendig wird.

Eisprung

Der Eisprung (Ovulation) ist der Prozess, bei dem ein reifes Ei aus dem Eierstock freigesetzt wird und in den Eileiter wandert, wo es auf eine mögliche Befruchtung durch Spermien wartet.

Ejection Phase

The ejection phase is the part of the cardiac cycle in which the heart pumps blood into the arteries. It is essential for supplying the body with oxygen-rich blood.

Elastin

Elastin ist ein essentielles Strukturprotein des Körpers, das für die Dehnbarkeit und Rückstellkraft elastischer Gewebe verantwortlich ist.

Elbow Bursitis

Elbow bursitis (olecranon bursitis) is a painful inflammation of the bursa at the tip of the elbow. It is commonly caused by pressure, overuse, or direct injury to the elbow.

elbow pain

Elbow pain is a common condition that can be caused by overuse, injury, or underlying medical conditions. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

Electrical Acupuncture

Electrical acupuncture is a modern form of traditional acupuncture in which mild electrical impulses are delivered through acupuncture needles to relieve pain and support the body´s natural healing processes.

Electrical Stimulation

Electrical stimulation is a therapeutic method that uses targeted electric impulses to activate muscles or nerves. It is widely used in medicine and rehabilitation for pain relief and muscle strengthening.

Electroacupuncture

Electroacupuncture is a modern form of acupuncture in which weak electrical impulses are delivered through acupuncture needles to enhance therapeutic effects on the body.

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic test that records the electrical activity of the heart. It helps doctors detect arrhythmias, heart attacks, and other cardiac conditions quickly and non-invasively.

Electrolyte Analysis

An electrolyte analysis is a blood test that measures key minerals such as sodium, potassium, and calcium. It helps detect imbalances affecting fluid balance and metabolism.

Electrolyte Balance

Electrolyte balance refers to the equilibrium of mineral salts in the body. A balanced level is essential for nerve function, muscle activity, and fluid regulation.

Electrolyte Balance

Electrolyte balance refers to the regulated distribution of essential mineral salts in the body, vital for nerve, muscle, and heart function.

Electrolyte Disorder

An electrolyte disorder is an imbalance of essential minerals in the blood. It can affect the heart, nerves, and muscles, and often requires medical treatment.

Electrolyte Formula

An electrolyte formula is a targeted combination of essential minerals such as sodium, potassium and magnesium to restore the body electrolyte balance efficiently.

Electrolyte Intake

Electrolyte intake refers to the consumption of vital minerals such as sodium, potassium and magnesium that regulate fluid balance, nerve function and muscle activity.

Electrolyte Replacement

Electrolyte replacement refers to the targeted intake of minerals such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium to restore the body electrolyte balance after loss.

Electrolyte Replacement Solution

An electrolyte replacement solution restores essential minerals lost through illness or physical exertion. It is commonly used for dehydration caused by diarrhea, vomiting, or sweating.

Electrolyte Substitution

Electrolyte substitution refers to the targeted replacement of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, or magnesium to correct imbalances in the body.

Electrolytes

Electrolytes are vital minerals that are dissolved in body fluids and act as electrically charged particles (ions).

Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain is a key process of cellular respiration, generating ATP energy within the mitochondria through a series of protein complexes.

Electrophysiology

Electrophysiology is the study of electrical processes in cells and tissues. In medicine, it focuses on diagnosing and treating heart rhythm disorders effectively.

Electrotherapy

Electrotherapy is an established procedure in physiotherapy that uses electric current specifically to relieve pain, stimulate muscles and promote healing

Elektrolytmangel

Ein Elektrolytmangel bezeichnet einen Zustand, bei dem der Körper nicht ausreichend mit bestimmten lebenswichtigen Mineralstoffen wie Kalium, Magnesium oder Natrium versorgt ist.

Elemental Diet

An elemental diet is a medical nutritional therapy in which all nutrients are provided in their simplest, pre-digested form. It is used for severe gastrointestinal conditions.

Elevated Bilirubin

Elevated bilirubin occurs when bilirubin levels in the blood are too high, often causing jaundice. Common causes include liver disease, blood disorders, and bile duct obstruction.

Elevated Body Temperature

Eine erhöhte Temperatur liegt vor, wenn die Körpertemperatur über dem Normalbereich von etwa 36,5–37,5 °C liegt, jedoch unter 38,0 °C bleibt.

Elevated Eye Pressure

Elevated eye pressure, or ocular hypertension, refers to an intraocular pressure above the normal range. It is a key risk factor for developing glaucoma and requires regular monitoring.

Elevated Fibrinogen

Elevated fibrinogen refers to higher-than-normal fibrinogen levels in the blood. It can indicate inflammation, cardiovascular disease, or other underlying conditions.

Elevated Leukocytes

When leukocytes are elevated, the condition is called leukocytosis.

Elimination Diet

An elimination diet is a diagnostic nutritional approach in which specific foods are temporarily removed from the diet to identify food intolerances, allergies, or sensitivities.

Embryonic Development

Embryonic development describes the process by which a fertilized egg cell grows into a fully formed organism, covering the first eight weeks after conception.

embryotox

Embryotox is a scientific database on medication safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It provides evidence-based information for healthcare professionals and patients.

EMDR-Therapie

EMDR-Therapie ist ein psychotherapeutisches Verfahren zur Verarbeitung belastender oder traumatischer Erinnerungen durch bilaterale Stimulation, meist in Form geführter Augenbewegungen.

Emergency Medicine

Emergency medicine is the medical specialty focused on the rapid recognition, assessment, and treatment of acute illnesses, injuries, and life-threatening conditions.

Emesis

Emesis is the medical term for vomiting – the forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. It is a common symptom of many underlying conditions.

Empagliflozin

Empagliflozin is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. It lowers blood sugar and provides cardiovascular and renal protection.

Emphysema

Pulmonary emphysema is a chronic lung disease in which the air sacs are permanently destroyed, leading to progressive breathlessness and reduced lung function.

Emphysematous Bulla

An emphysematous bulla is an air-filled cyst in the lung caused by the destruction of alveoli, which can impair breathing and lead to serious complications.

Empyema

An empyema is a collection of pus within a pre-formed body cavity, most commonly the pleural space. It typically develops as a complication of a bacterial infection such as pneumonia.

Emsella®

Emsella® is a modern non-invasive treatment designed to address urinary incontinence and strengthen the pelvic floor.

Emulsification

Emulsification is the process by which two immiscible liquids, such as fat and water, are combined into a stable emulsion. In the body, it plays a key role in the digestion of dietary fats.

Encephalitis

Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain, most commonly caused by viral or bacterial infections. It can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.

End Artery

An end artery is a blood vessel that supplies a tissue or organ as its sole arterial source, with no connections to neighboring vessels. Blockages typically cause tissue death.

Endocannabinoid

Endocannabinoids are naturally produced signaling molecules that regulate the endocannabinoid system and influence key body functions such as pain perception, mood, and sleep.

Endocarditis

Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart, most often caused by bacteria. It frequently affects the heart valves and requires immediate medical treatment.

Endocarditis Prophylaxis

Endocarditis prophylaxis is the preventive use of antibiotics to protect high-risk patients from bacterial infection of the inner lining of the heart before certain medical procedures.

Endocardium

The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart wall. It lines all four heart chambers and covers the heart valves, playing a vital role in cardiac function.

Endocrine Dysfunction

Endocrine dysfunction refers to a malfunction of the hormonal system in which glands produce too many, too few, or abnormal hormones, potentially affecting numerous bodily functions.

Endocrinology

Endocrinology is the medical specialty focused on the hormonal system of the human body. It covers the study of endocrine glands, hormone-related diseases, and their treatment.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a chronic, often painful condition in which tissue that resembles the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterine cavity.

endometriosis symptoms

Endometriosis symptoms include severe menstrual pain, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. Learn which signs may indicate endometriosis and when to seek medical advice.

Endometrium

The endometrium is the inner mucosal lining of the uterus. It plays a key role in the menstrual cycle and in the implantation of a fertilized egg.

Endomorph

Endomorph ist ein Begriff zur Beschreibung eines bestimmten Körpertyps, der sich durch eine rundliche Figur, einen langsameren Stoffwechsel und eine Tendenz zur Gewichtszunahme auszeichnet.

Endopeptidase

Endopeptidases are enzymes that cleave proteins at internal peptide bonds. They play a central role in digestion, cell regulation, and immune defence.

Endoprosthesis

An endoprosthesis is an artificial joint or implant placed inside the body to replace damaged structures, restoring mobility and relieving chronic joint pain.

Endorhachis

The endorhachis is a thin layer of connective tissue lining the inner wall of the vertebral canal, forming the outer boundary of the epidural space.

Endorphin

Endorphins are the body's natural chemical messengers that relieve pain and promote feelings of well-being. They belong to the group of endogenous opioids.

Endorphin Release

Endorphin release refers to the secretion of the body´s natural feel-good hormones in the brain, which relieve pain and promote overall well-being.

Endorphine

Endorphine sind körpereigene neuroaktive Peptide, die zur Gruppe der Opioidpeptide gehören. Sie werden vor allem im zentrale Nervensystem und in der Hypophyse ausgeschüttet und wirken als natürliche Schmerzmittel und Stimmungsaufheller.

Endoscopic Polypectomy

Endoscopic polypectomy is a minimally invasive procedure to remove polyps from the gastrointestinal tract using an endoscope, without the need for open surgery.

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts.

Endoscopy

Endoscopy is a medical procedure in which a flexible or rigid optical instrument is used to examine the inside of hollow organs and body cavities.

Endosymbiotic

Endosymbiotic describes a biological relationship in which one organism lives permanently inside another, with both partners typically benefiting from the association.

Endothelial Activation

Endothelial activation refers to the functional transformation of the inner vessel wall in response to inflammatory stimuli. It plays a key role in inflammation, thrombosis, and vascular disease.

Endothelium

Das Endothel ist eine hauchdünne Zellschicht, die das Innere aller Blutgefäße auskleidet.

Endotoxin

Endotoxins are toxic components of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria that trigger strong immune reactions in the body and can cause dangerous inflammation.

Endurance Capacity

Endurance capacity is the ability of the body to sustain physical effort over an extended period of time. It is a key indicator of overall health and athletic performance.

Endurance Training

Ausdauertraining umfasst alle sportlichen Aktivitäten, die die Leistungsfähigkeit des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems, der Lunge und des Stoffwechsels steigern.

Enema

An enema is a medical procedure in which fluid is introduced into the rectum and colon via the anus to stimulate bowel movements or cleanse the intestine.

Energy Balance

Energy balance refers to the relationship between the energy consumed through food and the energy expended by the body. It is a key factor in regulating body weight and overall health.

Energy Expenditure

Energy expenditure refers to the total amount of energy the body uses each day to maintain vital functions and support physical activity.

Energy Homeostasis

Energy homeostasis refers to the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure in the human body. This balance is essential for maintaining a healthy body weight and optimal metabolic function.

Energy Metabolism

Energy metabolism refers to all biochemical processes by which the body converts food into usable energy. It forms the foundation of every vital bodily function.

Enlarged Prostate

An enlarged prostate is a common condition in older men where the prostate gland grows and restricts urine flow, causing urinary symptoms.

Enteral Nutrition

Enteral nutrition is a form of clinical nutrition that delivers liquid nutrients directly into the gastrointestinal tract via a feeding tube, used when patients cannot eat sufficiently by mouth.

Enteral Therapy

Enteral therapy is a medical nutrition approach that delivers nutrients directly through the gastrointestinal tract, usually via a feeding tube, when normal oral intake is not possible.

Enterobacteriaceae

The Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of gram-negative bacteria that naturally inhabit the intestinal tract of humans and animals.

Enterobiosides

Enterobiosides are glycosidic compounds found in or produced within the gut, playing a significant role in intestinal metabolism. They are a subject of ongoing nutritional and pharmacological research.

Enterococcus

A genus of probiotic bacteria that support intestinal health and the immune system. They help to combat harmful microorganisms and strengthen the intestinal barrier.

Enteropathy

Enteropathy is a general medical term for any disease affecting the intestine, impairing its lining and function. It can arise from various causes and lead to digestive complaints.

Enteroviruses

Enteroviruses are highly contagious viruses that can cause gastrointestinal infections, hand-foot-and-mouth disease and viral meningitis. Find out more about transmission, symptoms and prevention.

Enucleation

Enucleation is a surgical procedure in which the entire eyeball is removed. It is performed in cases of severe eye injuries, tumors, or incurable eye diseases.

Enuresis

Enuresis refers to involuntary urination in children aged 5 and older. It most commonly occurs at night and is usually treatable with good outcomes.

Environmental Medicine

Environmental medicine examines how environmental factors such as pollutants, noise, and radiation affect human health and addresses the diagnosis and treatment of environment-related illnesses.

Environmental Toxicology

Environmental toxicology studies how pollutants and toxic substances affect living organisms and ecosystems. It bridges ecology and medicine to protect human and environmental health.

Environmental Toxin

Environmental toxins are harmful substances found in air, water, or soil that can negatively affect human health. They include heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals.

Enzephalitis (Kopfgrippe)

Enzephalitis bezeichnet eine akute oder chronische Entzündung des Gehirns, die meist durch virale Infektionen, seltener durch Bakterien, Pilze oder Autoimmunreaktionen ausgelöst wird.

Enzyme Activity

Enzyme activity describes how fast an enzyme catalyzes a biochemical reaction in the body. It is essential for metabolism, digestion, and many vital biological processes.

Enzyme Cofactor

An enzyme cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound required by an enzyme to perform its biological function. Cofactors can be metal ions or organic molecules such as vitamins.

Enzyme Inhibition

Enzyme inhibition refers to the reduction or blockade of an enzyme´s activity by an inhibitor. It is a key concept in biochemistry and pharmacology.

Enzyme Replacement Therapy

Enzyme replacement therapy supplies the body with artificially produced enzymes to compensate for missing or defective enzymes caused by genetic metabolic disorders.

Enzymes

Enzymes are biochemical catalysers that accelerate a large number of reactions in the body and are therefore essential for almost all vital processes.

Eosinophil Migration

Eosinophil migration describes the directed movement of eosinophils (white blood cells) from the bloodstream into tissues during inflammation or allergic reactions.

Eosinophilia

Eosinophilia refers to an elevated number of eosinophils in the blood. It may indicate allergies, parasitic infections, or rare blood disorders.

Eosinophilic Granulocytes

Eosinophilic granulocytes are white blood cells of the immune system that play a key role in allergic reactions and the defense against parasitic infections.

Epicanthus

Epicanthus is a skin fold covering the inner corner of the eye. It can be a normal anatomical variant or a sign of an underlying genetic condition.

Epidermal Growth

Epidermal growth refers to the renewal and growth of the outermost layer of the skin. This process is essential for maintaining a healthy and intact skin barrier.

Epidermolysis

Epidermolysis refers to the pathological detachment or blistering of the epidermis caused by mechanical stress. It most commonly occurs in rare genetic skin disorders or autoimmune conditions.

Epididymis

The epididymis is a tightly coiled tube located at the back of each testicle. It is essential for sperm maturation, storage, and transport in the male reproductive system.

Epididymitis

Epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis, the coiled tube behind the testicle. It is most commonly caused by bacteria and leads to testicular pain and swelling.

Epidural Anaesthesia

Epidural anaesthesia is a regional anaesthetic technique in which pain-relieving medication is injected into the epidural space of the spine to block pain signals effectively.

Epidural anesthesia

PDA (Periduralanästhesie) ist ein regionales Betäubungsverfahren, das gezielt Schmerzen in bestimmten Körperbereichen, meist während der Geburt, lindert.

Epidural Hematoma

An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the skull and the dura mater. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment to prevent serious brain injury.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a powerful antioxidant from the catechin group and one of the main active ingredients in green tea.

Epigastric Hernia

An epigastric hernia is a protrusion of tissue through a weakness in the abdominal wall between the navel and the breastbone. It often presents as a palpable lump and is treated surgically.

Epigastrium

The epigastrium is the upper central region of the abdomen, located between the breastbone and the navel. It contains key organs such as the stomach, liver, and pancreas.

Epigenetic Markers

Epigenetic markers are molecular modifications on DNA or histones that regulate gene activity without altering the underlying DNA sequence itself.

Epigenetics

Epigenetics shows how diet and lifestyle influence our genes. Find out which nutrients regulate epigenetic processes and can contribute to health.

Epigenomics

Epigenomics studies the complete set of epigenetic changes in the genome. It explains how genes are switched on or off without altering the underlying DNA sequence.

Epiglottitis

Epiglottitis is an acute, potentially life-threatening inflammation of the epiglottis that can cause dangerous narrowing or blockage of the airway.

Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder in which uncontrolled electrical discharges repeatedly occur in the brain.

Epileptic Seizure

An epileptic seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical discharge in the brain that can cause convulsions, loss of consciousness, or other neurological symptoms.

Episiotomy

An episiotomy is a surgical incision made in the perineum during childbirth to widen the birth canal and reduce the risk of severe tearing of the surrounding tissue.

Epistaxis

Epistaxis is the medical term for a nosebleed. It is a very common condition that is usually harmless but can sometimes indicate a more serious underlying condition.

Epithelial

Epithelial beschreibt Gewebe, das Körperoberflächen und Organe auskleidet. Erfahre, welche Aufgaben Epithelzellen haben, wo sie vorkommen und warum sie medizinisch so wichtig sind.

Epithelial Barrier

The epithelial barrier is a protective layer of cells lining the skin, gut, and airways, defending the body against pathogens, pollutants, and allergens.

Epithelial Regeneration

Epithelial regeneration refers to the ability of epithelial tissue to repair and renew itself after injury or damage. This healing process is essential for the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs.

Epithelzellen

Epithelzellen kleiden Haut, Organe und Schleimhäute aus. Sie schützen den Körper, nehmen Stoffe auf und sind an Immunprozessen beteiligt – mit großer Bedeutung in Medizin und Forschung.

Eplerenone

Eplerenone is a prescription medication belonging to the class of aldosterone antagonists, used in the treatment of heart failure and high blood pressure.

EPO

It contributes to the maintenance of normal heart function. The positive effect is achieved with a daily intake of 250 mg EPA.

Epstein-Barr virus

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) belongs to the herpes virus family (Herpesviridae) and is one of the most common viruses in the world.

Equine Enzephalitis-Viren

Die Equinen Enzephalitis-Viren (EEV) sind eine Gruppe von Arboviren (arthropodenübertragene Viren), die Entzündungen des Gehirns (Enzephalitis) bei Pferden und Menschen hervorrufen können.

Erectile Dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction is the persistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual intercourse. It is a common condition affecting men of all ages.

Ergastoplasm

Ergastoplasm is a historical term for the rough endoplasmic reticulum, a cell organelle essential for protein synthesis and processing.

Ergocalciferol

Ergocalciferol is the plant-based form of vitamin D, also known as vitamin D2, used to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency.

Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2)

Ergocalciferol, also known as vitamin D2, is one of the two main forms of vitamin D that are important for human health.

Ergogenic Substance

Ergogenic substances are agents used to enhance physical or mental performance. They are widely used in sports, medicine, and nutrition to improve endurance, strength, and recovery.

Ergometry

Ergometry is a medical stress test used to assess the function of the heart and circulatory system during physical exertion. It helps diagnose heart conditions and evaluate overall physical fitness.

Ergotherapie

Ergotherapie hilft bei körperlichen, geistigen und seelischen Einschränkungen. Informiere dich über Behandlung, Vorteile und Kostenübernahme.

Ergothionein

Ergothionein ist ein starkes Antioxidans aus Pilzen, das Zellen schützt und Entzündungen hemmt. Es zeigt vielversprechendes Potenzial für gesunde Alterung, Neuroprotektion und Prävention chronischer Erkrankungen.

Ergotism

Ergotism is a poisoning caused by ergot alkaloids produced by the fungus Claviceps purpurea. It can lead to severe circulatory disorders or neurological symptoms.

Erysipelas (erysipelas)

Erysipelas, also known as erysipelas, is a bacterial skin infection that is usually caused by streptococci.

Erysipelas melanomatosum

Erysipelas melanomatosum is a rare form of cutaneous metastasis of malignant melanoma, in which tumor cells infiltrate skin lymphatics, mimicking the appearance of bacterial erysipelas.

Erythema

Erythema is a redness of the skin caused by increased blood flow in the superficial capillaries. It can result from infections, allergies, inflammation, or physical stimuli.

Erythema infectiosum

Erythema infectiosum is a contagious viral illness that mainly affects children, characterized by a distinctive rash and bright red cheeks.

Erythrit

Erythrit ist ein kalorienfreier Zuckeralkohol, der als Süßungsmittel verwendet wird und keinen Einfluss auf den Blutzuckerspiegel hat.

Erythrocyte Deformability

Erythrocyte deformability refers to the ability of red blood cells to change shape in order to pass through narrow capillaries. It is essential for healthy microcirculation and oxygen delivery.

Erythrocyte Index

The erythrocyte index refers to key laboratory values used to assess the size and hemoglobin content of red blood cells, helping diagnose anemia and other blood disorders.

Erythrocyte Morphology

Erythrocyte morphology refers to the evaluation of the shape, size, and appearance of red blood cells. It is a key component of hematological diagnostics.

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) measures how quickly red blood cells settle in a test tube. It is a key non-specific marker of inflammation used in medical diagnostics.

Erythroderma

Erythroderma is a severe skin condition in which more than 90% of the body surface is affected by redness and inflammation. It is considered a dermatological emergency.

Erythropoiesis

Erythropoiesis is the process by which red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. It is essential for oxygen transport throughout the body.

Erythropoietin

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a naturally occurring hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells. It is primarily produced in the kidneys and plays a key role in regulating blood formation.

Erythropoietin Deficiency

Erythropoietin deficiency occurs when the kidneys produce insufficient EPO, the hormone that stimulates red blood cell production, often leading to anemia in chronic kidney disease.

Erythrose

Erythrose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) with four carbon atoms. It occurs naturally in metabolism and plays a key role in the pentose phosphate pathway.

Erythrozyten

Erythrozyten, umgangssprachlich auch rote Blutkörperchen genannt, sind die häufigsten Zellen im menschlichen Blut und verantwortlich für den Transport von Sauerstoff und Kohlendioxid.

Escherichia coli Enteritis

Escherichia coli enteritis is an intestinal inflammation caused by pathogenic E. coli bacteria, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramps.

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a rare disorder of the esophagus in which the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax properly, making it difficult to swallow food and liquids.

Esophageal Diverticulum

An esophageal diverticulum is a pouch-like protrusion of the esophageal wall. It can cause difficulty swallowing, regurgitation, and coughing, and is treated conservatively or surgically depending on severity.

Esophageal Varices

Esophageal varices are abnormally enlarged veins in the wall of the esophagus, commonly caused by liver cirrhosis, and can lead to life-threatening bleeding.

Esophageal Varices

Esophageal varices are abnormally enlarged veins in the esophagus, most commonly caused by liver cirrhosis, and can lead to life-threatening bleeding.

Esophagogastric

Esophagogastric refers to anything involving both the esophagus and the stomach – a key term in the diagnosis and treatment of upper gastrointestinal conditions.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is an endoscopic procedure used to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. It is the gold standard for diagnosing and treating conditions of the upper digestive tract.

Esophagus

The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the throat to the stomach, transporting food and liquid. It is approximately 25 cm long and plays a key role in the digestive process.

Essential amino acids

Essential amino acids are amino acids that the body cannot produce itself and must therefore be obtained from food.

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate

The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a blood test result that measures kidney function. It indicates how much blood the kidneys can filter per minute.

Estradiol Level

The estradiol level measures the concentration of the sex hormone estradiol in the blood. It is a key lab value for assessing hormonal health in both women and men.

Estragon

Estragon ist ein aromatisches Küchenkraut, dessen Blätter als Gewürz in der warmen und kalten Küche verwendet werden.

Estrogen Decline

An estrogen decline refers to a drop in estrogen levels in the blood. It occurs most commonly during menopause and can cause a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms.

Etanercept

Etanercept is a TNF inhibitor for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Find out more about its effects, use, risks and special features.

Ethane

Ethane is a colorless, odorless hydrocarbon gas found naturally in natural gas and used as a key feedstock in the chemical industry for producing ethylene.

Ethyl

Ethyl refers to a hydrocarbon group (C2H5) in chemistry that appears in numerous compounds, pharmaceuticals, and food additives relevant to health and medicine.

Ethylene oxide

Ethylene oxide is a colorless, highly reactive gas widely used in the chemical industry.

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate is a chemical UV filter widely used in sunscreens and cosmetics to protect the skin from harmful UVB radiation.

Ethylhexyl Salicylate

Ethylhexyl salicylate is a chemical UV filter used in sunscreens and cosmetic products to protect the skin from harmful UV-B radiation.

Ethylhexyl Triazone

Ethylhexyl Triazone is a synthetic chemical UV filter used in sunscreen products to protect the skin from harmful UV-B radiation.

Etomidate

Etomidate is a short-acting intravenous anesthetic used for the induction of general anesthesia, known for its excellent cardiovascular stability.

Etorican

Etorican is a prescription anti-inflammatory drug containing etoricoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor. It is used to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute pain.

Etoricoxib

Etoricoxib is a prescription medication belonging to the class of COX-2 inhibitors, used to relieve pain and inflammation in conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout.

Eugenics

Eugenics refers to a historical movement that sought to deliberately influence the genetic traits of humanity. It is today regarded as scientifically discredited and ethically unacceptable.

Euthymia

Euthymia refers to a stable, balanced mood state without signs of depression or mania – considered the emotional baseline in psychiatric health.

Evening Primrose Oil

Nachtkerzenöl wird aus den Samen der Gemeinen Nachtkerze (Oenothera biennis) gewonnen und enthält einen hohen Anteil an Gamma-Linolensäure (GLA).

Eversion

Eversion refers to the outward rotational movement of a body part, most commonly the foot. It is a key term in anatomy, orthopaedics, and sports medicine.

Evidence-Based Medicine

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is an approach in which clinical decisions are grounded in the best available scientific evidence, combined with clinical expertise and patient values.

Evidence-Based Therapy

Evidence-based therapy is a treatment approach that integrates the best available scientific research with clinical expertise and the individual needs and values of the patient.

Exanthema subitum

Exanthema subitum (roseola infantum) is a common viral illness in infants and toddlers caused by Human Herpesvirus 6, marked by high fever followed by a distinctive rash.

Excision

Excision is a surgical procedure in which tissue or a lesion is completely cut out and removed. It is used to treat tumors, cysts, and other diseased tissue.

Excochleation

Excochleation is a surgical procedure in which diseased tissue is scraped out using a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette. It is commonly used to remove cysts, granulomas, or tumors.

Excretory Organ

Excretory organs are organs in the human body responsible for eliminating metabolic waste products and harmful substances, playing a key role in detoxification.

Exenatide

Exenatide is a blood sugar-lowering medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It mimics the gut hormone GLP-1, stimulating insulin release in a glucose-dependent manner.

Exercise ECG

An exercise ECG is a diagnostic test that records the electrical activity of the heart during physical exertion. It helps detect reduced blood flow and heart rhythm disorders.

Exercise Metabolism

Exercise metabolism refers to all biochemical processes the body activates during physical activity to generate the energy required by muscles, organs, and the nervous system.

Exertional Dyspnea

Exertional dyspnea is shortness of breath that occurs during physical activity and subsides at rest. It may indicate heart, lung, or circulatory conditions.

Exfoliation Glaucoma

Exfoliation glaucoma is a form of glaucoma in which protein fiber deposits in the eye raise intraocular pressure, progressively damaging the optic nerve.

Exocrine Pancreas

The exocrine pancreas produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate that are released into the small intestine, enabling the proper digestion of food.

Exogenous Infection

An exogenous infection is caused by pathogens that enter the body from an external source. It is one of the most common types of infection and can be triggered by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

Expiratory Phase

The expiratory phase is the part of the breathing cycle in which air is expelled from the lungs. It follows inhalation and is essential for removing carbon dioxide from the body.

Exposure Prophylaxis

Exposure prophylaxis refers to all preventive measures taken to avoid or minimize contact between the human body and harmful agents such as pathogens, chemicals, or allergens.

Exposure Therapy

Exposure therapy is a psychotherapeutic technique in which patients are gradually confronted with fear-triggering situations to help them overcome anxiety in a lasting way.

Exsiccosis

Exsiccosis refers to a severe lack of fluid in the body. It occurs when the body loses more water than it takes in and can become life-threatening if untreated.

Exstirpation

Exstirpation is a surgical procedure in which an organ, tumor, cyst, or other tissue structure is completely removed. It is used for both benign and malignant conditions.

Extension Fracture

An extension fracture is a bone break caused by excessive straightening (hyperextension). It most commonly affects the spine and requires prompt medical evaluation.

External Rotation

External rotation is a joint movement in which a body part rotates outward, away from the body midline. It is essential in orthopedics, physiotherapy, and sports medicine.

Extraanatomic

Extraanatomic is a medical term describing a position, course, or connection that lies outside the normal anatomical structures. It is most commonly used in vascular surgery.

Extracellular Matrix

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of proteins and sugar molecules that surrounds cells, provides structural support, and regulates cell function.

Extrachromosomal

Extrachromosomal refers to genetic material that exists outside the normal chromosomes of a cell. It plays a key role in genetics, microbiology, and cancer research.

Extracorporeal Shock Wave

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a non-invasive medical procedure that uses high-energy sound waves applied from outside the body to relieve pain and stimulate healing.

Extrathoracic

Extrathoracic refers to anything located outside the thoracic cavity. In medicine, the term is used to describe structures, conditions, or findings situated beyond the boundaries of the chest.

Extremity Injury

An extremity injury refers to damage to the arms or legs, including fractures, sprains, or soft tissue injuries. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for full recovery.

Exulceration

Exulceration refers to the formation of an open wound or ulcer caused by tissue breakdown. It occurs in chronic diseases, tumors, and skin damage.

Eye Lens Opacity

Eye lens opacity refers to the clouding of the natural lens of the eye, leading to blurred vision. It is the most common cause of cataracts and visual impairment worldwide.

Eye Muscles

The eye muscles control the movements of the eyeball, eyelid, and lens. They are essential for coordinated vision, depth perception, and focusing on objects.

Eye Twitching

Eye twitching refers to involuntary muscle spasms around the eye. It is usually harmless and often linked to stress, fatigue, or magnesium deficiency.

Eyelid Correction

Eyelid correction (blepharoplasty) is a surgical procedure to correct drooping or puffy eyelids. It improves both the visual field and the overall appearance of the eyes.

Eyelid Edema

Eyelid edema is a swelling of one or both eyelids caused by fluid accumulation in the tissue. It can have various causes ranging from allergies to systemic diseases.

Eyelid Surgery

Eyelid surgery is a surgical procedure to correct malpositions, sagging, or diseases of the eyelids for medical or aesthetic reasons.

Die neusten Einträge

3 Posts in this encyclopedia category

Cytokine Induction

Cytokine induction refers to the targeted stimulation of the body´s own cytokine production to enhance the immune response. It plays a central role in inflammatory processes and the defense against infections.

Cerebellar Degeneration

Cerebellar degeneration refers to the progressive loss of nerve cells in the cerebellum, leading to impaired coordination, balance, and motor control.

Serum Albumin

Serum albumin is the most abundant protein in human blood plasma, playing a vital role in transport and fluid balance. Low levels may indicate liver, kidney, or nutritional disorders.

Die meistgelesenen Einträge

3 Posts in this encyclopedia category