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Glossar: G

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205 Posts in this encyclopedia category

G Protein

G proteins are intracellular signaling molecules that transmit signals from the cell surface to the interior of the cell. They play a central role in many physiological processes.

GABA

GABA (Gamma-Aminobuttersäure) ist der wichtigste hemmende Neurotransmitter im zentralen Nervensystem.

GABAergic

GABAergic refers to structures, processes, or substances that involve or are influenced by the neurotransmitter GABA. GABA is the primary inhibitory messenger in the central nervous system.

Galactitol

Galactitol is a sugar alcohol produced during galactose metabolism. In the metabolic disorder galactosemia, it can accumulate in the body and cause serious tissue damage.

Galactooligosaccharides (GOS)

Galactooligosaccharide (GOS) gehören zu den präbiotischen Ballaststoffen, die den Aufbau und Erhalt einer gesunden Darmflora fördern.

Galactose

Galactose ist ein einfacher Zucker (Monosaccharid), der strukturell eng mit Glukose verwandt ist.

Galactosemia

Galactosemia is a rare inherited metabolic disorder in which the body cannot properly break down galactose, a sugar found in milk. Without early treatment, it can cause severe organ damage.

Galaktose

Galaktose ist ein Einfachzucker (Monosaccharid), der strukturell eng mit Glukose verwandt ist.

Gallbladder

Die Gallenblase ist ein birnenförmiges Hohlorgan, das sich an der Unterseite der Leber befindet und eine zentrale Rolle bei der Verdauung von Fetten spielt.

Gallbladder Dyskinesia

Gallbladder dyskinesia is a functional disorder in which the gallbladder fails to contract properly and does not release bile adequately into the intestine, with no structural cause identified.

Gallbladder Polyp

A gallbladder polyp is a benign growth on the inner wall of the gallbladder. Most are harmless, but larger polyps may require monitoring or surgical removal.

Gallstone

Gallstones are hardened deposits in the gallbladder that can cause severe pain and inflammation. Learn about causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Gallstone Cleanse

A gallstone cleanse is an alternative method believed to dissolve or flush out gallstones naturally. Learn what it involves and what science says about its safety and effectiveness.

Gallstones

Gallstones cause pain, bloating and biliary colic. Find out all about the causes, symptoms, conventional medical therapies and natural preventative measures.

GALT

GALT (Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue) is the immune network lining the gastrointestinal tract, housing up to 80% of the body's immune cells.

Gametogenesis

Gametogenesis is the biological process by which mature sex cells (gametes) are formed. It includes spermatogenesis in males and oogenesis in females.

Ganglion Cell

A ganglion cell is a specialized type of nerve cell found in the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system, transmitting signals between organs and the brain.

Ganglion Cyst

Ein Ganglion, umgangssprachlich auch Überbein genannt, ist eine gutartige, flüssigkeitsgefüllte Zyste, die sich meist im Bereich von Gelenken oder Sehnenscheiden bildet, besonders häufig an Handgelenk, Fingern oder Fußrücken.

Ganglion Finger

A ganglion cyst on the finger is a benign, fluid-filled cyst that commonly develops near tendons or joints of the finger and is usually painless.

Ganglion Wrist

A ganglion cyst of the wrist is a benign, fluid-filled cyst that commonly develops on the tendons or joint capsules of the wrist. It is the most common benign soft tissue growth of the hand.

Ganglionic Blockade

Ganglionic blockade inhibits signal transmission at autonomic ganglia, affecting blood pressure, heart rate, and other vegetative functions throughout the body.

Gangrene

Gangrene refers to the death of body tissue caused by insufficient blood supply or bacterial infection. It most commonly affects the extremities.

Gangrenous

Gangrenous refers to tissue that has died due to a loss of blood supply or severe bacterial infection. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.

Garden Classification

The Garden Classification is an orthopaedic grading system for femoral neck fractures, dividing them into four types based on the degree of bone displacement.

Gardner-Diamond syndrome

Gardner-Diamond syndrome, also known as psychogenic purpura or autoerythrocytic sensitivity, is an extremely rare and still not fully understood bleeding disorder that mainly affects middle-aged women.

Garrulitas vulvae

Garrulitas vulvae refers to the involuntary expulsion of air from the vagina, producing an audible sound. It is generally harmless but can cause social discomfort.

Gas Gangrene

Gasbrand (medizinisch: Clostridien-Myonekrose) ist eine akute, lebensbedrohliche bakterielle Infektion, die durch bestimmte Clostridien-Bakterien verursacht wird – meist Clostridium perfringens.

Gastrectomy

A gastrectomy is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of the stomach. It is most commonly performed for stomach cancer and requires long-term dietary adjustments.

Gastric Banding

Gastric banding is a minimally invasive bariatric surgical procedure in which an adjustable silicone band is placed around the upper stomach to restrict food intake and promote long-term weight loss.

Gastric Carcinoma

Gastric carcinoma is a malignant tumor of the stomach lining. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is often diagnosed only in advanced stages.

Gastric Emptying

Gastric emptying is the physiological process by which the stomach passes its digested contents into the small intestine. Disorders can cause symptoms such as nausea, bloating, or early satiety.

Gastric Emptying Disorder

A gastric emptying disorder is a condition in which the stomach cannot empty its contents into the small intestine at a normal rate, causing nausea, bloating, and vomiting.

Gastric juice

Gastric juice is a digestive fluid that is formed in the glands of the gastric mucosa and consists of hydrochloric acid (HCl), the enzyme pepsin, the intrinsic factor and protective mucous substances.

Gastric Resection

Gastric resection is a surgical procedure in which part or all of the stomach is removed. It is primarily used to treat stomach cancer, severe ulcers, or other serious gastric conditions.

Gastric ulcer

Ein Magengeschwür ist ein tiefer Defekt der Magenschleimhaut, der bis in die darunterliegenden Gewebeschichten reichen kann.

Gastric Ulcer

A gastric ulcer is an open sore in the lining of the stomach. It is most commonly caused by bacterial infection or prolonged use of anti-inflammatory medications and is highly treatable.

Gastritis

Gastritis is an inflammatory disease of the stomach lining that can be acute or chronic.

Gastritis Symptome

Gastritis Symptome beschreiben die typischen Beschwerden, die bei einer Entzündung der Magenschleimhaut auftreten können.

Gastritis Symptoms

Gastritis, an inflammation of the stomach lining, causes symptoms such as upper abdominal pain, nausea, and bloating. Learn when to seek medical advice.

Gastroduodenal Ulcer Disease

Gastroduodenal ulcer disease refers to the formation of open sores in the lining of the stomach or duodenum. It is most commonly caused by bacterial infection or long-term use of pain-relieving medications.

Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually caused by viruses or bacteria. Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Gastroesophageal Reflux

Gastroesophageal reflux occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. It commonly causes heartburn and, if chronic, can damage the lining of the esophagus.

Gastrointestinal Complaints

Gastrointestinal complaints include symptoms affecting the digestive tract, such as abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, or diarrhea. They are very common and can have a wide range of causes.

Gastrointestinal cure after antibiotics

A gastrointestinal cure after antibiotics helps to regenerate the intestinal flora, protects the mucous membranes and strengthens the immune system. Find out which measures and preparations are useful.

Gastrointestinal Tract

The gastrointestinal tract is the body central digestive system. It extends from the mouth to the anus and is responsible for the ingestion, digestion, and transport of food and nutrients.

Gastrojejunostomy

A gastrojejunostomy is a surgical procedure that creates a direct connection between the stomach and the jejunum. It is used to bypass obstructions at the stomach outlet or as part of reconstructive surgery after tumor removal.

Gastromegaly

Gastromegaly refers to an abnormal enlargement of the stomach beyond its normal size. It can result from various underlying conditions and is often associated with symptoms such as bloating, nausea, or abdominal discomfort.

Gastroscopy

Gastroscopy is a well-established endoscopic procedure used to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

Gehan-George Formula

The Gehan-George formula calculates a person's body surface area using height and weight. It is widely used in medicine for accurate drug dosage calculations.

Gehirnerschütterung

Eine Gehirnerschütterung ist eine leichte traumatische Verletzung des Gehirns, die durch eine plötzliche Krafteinwirkung auf den Kopf entsteht.

Gehörgangsentzündung

Eine Gehörgangsentzündung ist eine Entzündung der Haut im äußeren Gehörgang, die meist durch Bakterien oder Pilze verursacht wird.

Gelatine

Gelatine ist ein tierisches Eiweiß aus Kollagen mit gelierender Wirkung, das in Lebensmitteln, Pharmazie und Kosmetik eingesetzt wird. Erfahre mehr über Unterschiede zu Kollagenhydrolysat.

Gelsemium

Gelsemium bezieht sich in der medizinischen und naturheilkundlichen Anwendung auf die Pflanze Gelsemium sempervirens, auch bekannt als Gelber Jasmin.

Gene Action Pathway

A gene action pathway describes the sequential molecular steps by which a gene exerts its biological effect in an organism – from DNA through RNA to the final functional protein.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is the process by which genetic information stored in DNA is converted into functional molecules such as proteins or RNA.

Gene Locus

A gene locus is the precise, fixed position of a gene on a chromosome. It describes the specific location within the genome where a particular gene is found.

Gene Regulation

Gene regulation describes how cells control which genes are active. It is essential for development, health, and the ability to respond to environmental signals.

Gene Silencing

Gene silencing refers to the targeted suppression of a gene´s activity. Gene expression is inhibited without permanently altering the underlying DNA sequence.

Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is a medical procedure in which genetic material is introduced into a patient's cells to treat, cure, or prevent disease.

General Anaesthesia

General anaesthesia induces a controlled state of unconsciousness, allowing painless surgery. It is carefully planned and monitored by a specialist anaesthesiologist throughout the procedure.

Genetic Analysis

Genetic analysis examines a person´s DNA for genetic changes. It supports the diagnosis of hereditary diseases and enables personalized, targeted medical treatment.

Geniculum of the facial nerve

The geniculum of the facial nerve is the sharp bend of the facial nerve within the petrous bone. This anatomical landmark is clinically important in facial nerve palsy and middle ear conditions.

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. It causes painful blisters in the genital area and has no permanent cure.

Genitourinary Syndrome

Genitourinary syndrome refers to a range of symptoms affecting the urinary and genital organs, most commonly caused by declining estrogen levels during menopause.

Genome Sequencing

Genome sequencing is a method used to determine the complete DNA sequence of an organism. It enables the diagnosis of genetic diseases and supports personalised medical treatments.

Genomics

Genomics is the scientific study of an organism´s complete set of genetic material. It analyzes the structure, function, and evolution of genomes and plays a central role in modern medicine and personalized healthcare.

Genotype Analysis

Genotype analysis is a diagnostic method used to examine the genetic information of an organism. It helps identify hereditary diseases, disease risks, and genetic traits.

Genotyping

Genotyping is a molecular genetic method used to determine the genetic profile of an organism. It plays a key role in medicine, research, and diagnostics.

Gentamicin

Gentamicin ist ein Aminoglykosid-Antibiotikum, das zur Behandlung schwerer bakterieller Infektionen eingesetzt wird.

Gentiobiose

Gentiobiose is a naturally occurring disaccharide composed of two glucose units linked by a beta-1,6-glycosidic bond. It is found in plants and plays a role in food chemistry and biochemical research.

Genu of the Facial Nerve

The genu nervi facialis is an anatomical bend of the facial nerve within the petrous bone. It is clinically significant in brainstem and middle ear disorders.

Genu Recurvatum

Genu recurvatum is a deformity in which the knee joint hyperextends beyond its normal range. It can be congenital or acquired and is often associated with instability and pain.

Geriatric Assessment

The Geriatric Assessment is a comprehensive evaluation tool used to assess the physical, cognitive, psychological, and social health of older patients.

Germ Cell

Germ cells are the reproductive cells of the human body – eggs and sperm – and form the biological basis of reproduction and the transmission of genetic information.

Germ Reduction

Germ reduction refers to the targeted decrease of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi on surfaces, in food, or within the human body.

German Association of Occupational Therapy

Der DVE (Deutsche Verband der Ergotherapie e.V.) ist die zentrale Fach- und Interessenvertretung der Ergotherapeuten in Deutschland.

Gerontopsychiatrie

Gerontopsychiatrie ist ein medizinisches Fachgebiet, das sich mit psychischen Erkrankungen im höheren Lebensalter befasst.

Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It is caused by hormonal changes and requires early diagnosis and proper management to protect mother and child.

GFR Wert

Die glomeruläre Filtrationsrate (GFR) ist ein zentraler Laborwert zur Beurteilung der Nierenfunktion.

GGT value

The gamma-glutamyltransferase value (GGT value) is an important laboratory parameter for assessing liver function.

Gicht

Gicht entsteht durch Harnsäurekristalle in den Gelenken und führt zu schmerzhaften Entzündungen. Erfahre alles über Auslöser und Therapie.

Gilbert-Meulengracht Syndrome

Gilbert-Meulengracht Syndrome is a harmless, hereditary metabolic disorder of the liver causing mildly elevated bilirubin levels in the blood. It does not cause serious health problems.

Ginger

Ingwer ist eine der ältesten bekannten Heilpflanzen der Welt und wird sowohl in der traditionellen Medizin als auch in der modernen Naturheilkunde geschätzt.

Gingerols

Gingerol is a phenolic phytochemical compound found in fresh ginger that activates the heat receptors on the tongue. Bioactive compounds from ginger with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Gingiva index

The Gingiva Index (GI) is an established dental procedure for assessing the degree of inflammation of the gums (gingiva).

Gingivitis

Gingivitis is the superficial inflammation of the gums (gingiva), which is usually caused by bacterial plaque deposits at the gum line.

Ginseng

Ginseng (Panax ginseng) zählt zu den ältesten und am häufigsten verwendeten Heilpflanzen der Welt.

Glandular Atrophy

Glandular atrophy refers to the pathological shrinkage or loss of glandular tissue, leading to reduced or absent secretory function of the affected gland.

Glandular Function

Glandular function refers to the ability of glands to produce and release secretions or hormones. It is essential for metabolism, digestion, and hormonal balance.

Glandular Hormone

Glandular hormones are chemical messengers produced by the body´s endocrine glands and released into the bloodstream. They regulate vital functions such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction.

Glandular Odontogenic Cyst

The glandular odontogenic cyst is a rare, benign jaw cyst of dental tissue origin, characterized by gland-like epithelial lining and a notable tendency for local recurrence.

Glasgow Coma Scale

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a standardized neurological assessment tool used to evaluate the level of consciousness in patients following brain injuries or other neurological emergencies.

Glauber´s Salt

Glauber's salt (sodium sulfate) is a well-known laxative and traditional remedy. It works osmotically in the intestine and is used in both conventional and naturopathic medicine.

Glaucoma

Das Glaukom, umgangssprachlich als grüner Star bekannt, ist eine chronische Augenerkrankung, bei der es zu einer fortschreitenden Schädigung des Sehnervs kommt.

Gleason Score

The Gleason Score is a grading system used to assess the aggressiveness of prostate cancer based on tissue samples. The higher the score, the more aggressive the tumor behavior.

Gliadin

Alongside glutenin, gliadin is one of the two main gluten proteins.

Glial Cell

Glial cells are the non-neuronal support cells of the nervous system. They nourish, protect, and regulate nerve cells and are essential for healthy brain function.

Glinide

Glinides are short-acting antidiabetic drugs that stimulate insulin release from the pancreas. They are used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Glioblastom

Ein Glioblastom ist ein hochaggressiver, bösartiger Hirntumor, der aus Gliazellen entsteht und schnell wächst.

Glitazone

Glitazones are oral antidiabetic drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes. They improve insulin sensitivity and help lower blood glucose levels.

Glomerular Filtration Rate

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measures how well the kidneys filter the blood. It is the key indicator for assessing kidney function and diagnosing kidney disease.

Glomerular Proteinuria

Glomerular proteinuria refers to an abnormally high amount of protein excreted in the urine, caused by damage to the kidney filter units known as glomeruli.

GLP-1 Natural Boosters

GLP-1 natural boosters are foods, nutrients, and lifestyle factors that stimulate the body's own release of the gut hormone GLP-1, positively influencing blood sugar, appetite, and body weight.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonist

GLP-1 receptor agonists are medications used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. They mimic the gut hormone GLP-1 and help regulate blood sugar and appetite.

Glucagon Inhibition

Glucagon inhibition refers to the suppression of glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar levels. It is a key mechanism in modern diabetes treatment strategies.

Glucagon Secretion

Glucagon secretion refers to the release of the hormone glucagon from the alpha cells of the pancreas. It plays a key role in regulating blood sugar levels and ensuring adequate energy supply throughout the body.

Glucocorticoid

Glucocorticoids are natural or synthetic steroid hormones with powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, widely used to treat a broad range of medical conditions.

Glucocorticoid Resistance

Glucocorticoid resistance is a condition in which body cells show a reduced or absent response to glucocorticoids such as cortisol. It can be genetic or acquired and requires specialized diagnosis and treatment.

Glucomannan

Glucomannan ist ein löslicher Ballaststoff, der aus der Konjakwurzel (Amorphophallus konjac) gewonnen wird.

Gluconeogenesis

Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway in which the body synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors such as amino acids, lactate, or glycerol.

Glucosamine

Glucosamine is a natural amino sugar and an essential building block of cartilage, connective tissue, and synovial fluid.

Glucose

Glucose is a simple sugar and the primary source of energy for the human body. It is absorbed through food and transported via the bloodstream to cells and organs.

Glucose Level

Der Glukosewert gibt die Konzentration von Zucker im Blut an und ist ein zentraler Indikator für den Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel.

Glucose Metabolism

Glucose metabolism describes how the body absorbs, processes, and uses sugar (glucose) as an energy source. It is essential for health, and disruptions can lead to conditions such as diabetes.

Glucose Metabolism Test

The glucose metabolism test evaluates how the body processes sugar. It is used to diagnose diabetes, insulin resistance, and related metabolic disorders.

Glucose Tolerance Test

The glucose tolerance test measures how well the body processes sugar. It is used to diagnose diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes.

Glucose Uptake

Glucose uptake describes how sugar from food enters the bloodstream and is transported into body cells. It is essential for the energy supply of the entire body.

Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a vital enzyme in red blood cells that protects them from oxidative stress. A G6PD deficiency can trigger hemolytic anemia.

Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an inherited enzyme disorder affecting red blood cells, which can lead to hemolytic anemia. It is one of the most common genetic metabolic disorders worldwide.

Glucuronidation

Glucuronidation is a key metabolic process in the liver that chemically modifies foreign and endogenous substances to make them easier for the body to excrete.

Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase

Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), also known as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), is an enzyme found mainly in the liver, heart, and muscles. Elevated GOT levels in the blood can indicate cell damage in these organs.

Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase

Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) is a liver enzyme measured in blood tests to assess liver function and detect liver cell damage.

Glutamine Supplement

A glutamine supplement provides the amino acid L-glutamine in concentrated form. It is commonly used to support gut health, immune function, and muscle recovery.

Glutathione

Glutathione is a tripeptide molecule consisting of the amino acids glutamate, cysteine and glycine.

Gluten

Gluten is a natural protein found in grains such as wheat, rye, barley and spelt. Which foods contain particularly high levels of gluten?

gluten free food list

A gluten free food list provides an overview of foods that contain no gluten and are safe for people with coeliac disease or gluten sensitivity.

Gluten Intolerance

Gluten intolerance refers to an adverse reaction to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. It includes conditions such as celiac disease, wheat allergy, and non-celiac gluten sensitivity.

Glutenhaltige Lebensmittel

Gluten ist ein natürlich vorkommendes Speicherprotein in bestimmten Getreidesorten wie Weizen, Dinkel, Roggen, Gerste, Grünkern und Kamut.

Glutenin

Alongside gliadin, glutenin is one of the two main gluten proteins;

Glycaemia

Glycaemia refers to the concentration of glucose in the blood. Maintaining balanced blood sugar levels is essential for overall health and bodily function.

Glycaemic index

The glycaemic index (GI) is a measure that indicates how quickly a food causes blood sugar levels to rise.

Glycan Targeting

Glycan targeting is an innovative strategy in medical research and therapy in which specific sugar structures (glycans) on cell surfaces are used as target structures for active substances, antibodies or diagnostic markers.

Glycated Haemoglobin

Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is a blood marker that reflects average blood glucose levels over the past 2 to 3 months and is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes mellitus.

Glycemic Load

Die glykämische Last (GL) ist ein Maß dafür, wie stark ein Lebensmittel den Blutzuckerspiegel beeinflusst.

Glyceraldehyde

Glyceraldehyde is a simple three-carbon sugar (triose) and the smallest monosaccharide. It plays a key role in carbohydrate metabolism and cellular energy production.

Glycerine

Glycerine is known for its ability to bind moisture and improve the suppleness of products;

Glycinergic

Glycinergic describes neurons, synapses, or processes that use the neurotransmitter glycine. Glycinergic signaling plays a key role in the central nervous system.

Glycocholia

Glycocholia refers to elevated bile acid levels in the blood or tissues. It occurs in liver diseases and bile duct disorders.

Glycogen Stores

Glycogen stores are the body´s reserves of glycogen, a stored form of glucose found mainly in the liver and skeletal muscles. They provide a rapidly available energy source during physical activity and fasting periods.

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is a fundamental metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose to produce energy. It occurs in every cell of the body and is essential for cellular energy supply.

Glycoprotein

Glykoproteine sind Proteine, an die Zuckermoleküle (Glykane) gebunden sind.

Glycoprotein Synthesis

Glycoprotein synthesis is the cellular process by which proteins are linked to sugar chains. It is essential for immune defense, hormone function, and cell communication.

Glycosidase

Glycosidases are enzymes that cleave glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates. They play a central role in metabolism and digestion.

Glycoside

A glycoside is a natural or synthetic compound in which a sugar molecule is bonded to a non-sugar component. Glycosides occur widely in plants and have significant medical and pharmacological relevance.

Glyphosate

Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide. Learn about its effects, health controversies, and scientific classification by WHO, IARC and EFSA.

GMO Detection

GMO detection (genetically modified organisms) commonly relies on identifying specific promoter and terminator sequences inserted into transgenic plants.

Gnatophyma

Gnatophyma is a rare teratological term describing a congenital malformation or abnormal tissue growth in the jaw or facial region.

GOÄ

(Gebührenordnung für Ärzte) is the legal basis for the billing of medical services outside the statutory health insurance, in particular for private patients, self-payers and those entitled to benefits.

Goiter

A goiter is a visible enlargement of the thyroid gland in the neck. It can be harmless or may indicate an underlying thyroid condition.

Goji Berries

Goji-Beeren (auch Wolfsbeeren genannt) stammen ursprünglich aus Asien und werden seit Jahrhunderten in der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin eingesetzt.

Goldblatt Mechanism

The Goldblatt mechanism describes how reduced blood flow to the kidney activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, leading to high blood pressure.

Gonadal Dysgenesis

Gonadal dysgenesis is a congenital disorder in which the gonads (testes or ovaries) fail to develop properly, often leading to infertility and hormone deficiency.

Gonads

The gonads are the primary reproductive glands in humans: the testes in males and the ovaries in females. They produce sex cells and sex hormones essential for reproduction.

Gonarthrosis

Gonarthrosis is a degenerative disease of the knee joint in which the articular cartilage progressively breaks down. It causes pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.

Gonarthrosis Therapy

Gonarthrosis therapy covers all treatments for knee joint cartilage degeneration. The goals are pain relief, preservation of function, and improved quality of life.

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea, also known as the clap, is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Gonorrhoea

Gonorrhoea is a bacterial sexually transmitted infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It affects mucous membranes and is one of the most common STIs worldwide.

Gooseberry

Die Stachelbeere ist eine kleine, saftige Beere, die in der Küche roh oder verarbeitet als Lebensmittel verwendet wird.

Gordon Finger Spreading Sign

The Gordon finger spreading sign is a neurological reflex sign that may indicate damage to the central nervous system. It is assessed during a clinical neurological examination.

Gordon Reflex

The Gordon reflex is a pathological reflex indicating damage to the central nervous system. It is elicited by squeezing the calf muscle and belongs to the Babinski sign group.

Gouty Tophus

A gouty tophus is a hard deposit of uric acid crystals in body tissue, forming as a result of chronic gout. Tophi typically appear around joints, tendons, and under the skin.

Graham´s Law of Diffusion

Graham's Law of Diffusion states that lighter gases diffuse faster than heavier ones. This principle is fundamental in medicine, physiology, and medical technology.

Gram Stain

The Gram stain is a fundamental microbiological technique used to classify bacteria as Gram-positive or Gram-negative based on differences in their cell wall structure.

Gram-positive Bacteria

Gram-positive bacteria are microorganisms with a thick cell wall that stain blue-violet in the Gram staining procedure. They include many clinically relevant pathogens such as staphylococci and streptococci.

Granulocyte Activation

Granulocyte activation describes the process by which white blood cells called granulocytes are triggered to respond to infections, inflammation, or allergic stimuli as part of the immune defense.

Granulocyte Maturation

Granulocyte maturation is the step-by-step process by which immature precursor cells in the bone marrow develop into mature granulocytes – key players in immune defense.

Granulocytes

Granulocytes are white blood cells that play a central role in the immune system. They fight infections and are involved in inflammatory responses.

Granulocytopoiesis

Granulocytopoiesis is the process of granulocyte production in the bone marrow. These white blood cells are essential components of the human immune defense system.

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare autoimmune disease causing inflammation of blood vessels and granuloma formation in organs such as the nose, lungs, and kidneys.

Grape seed extract

Grape seed extract is a concentrated plant substance obtained from the seeds of red grapes.

Graves Disease

Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones. Key signs include goiter, rapid heartbeat, and eye problems.

Gravitation

Gravitation is the natural attractive force between masses. In medicine, it influences posture, circulation, and the musculoskeletal system.

Greater Petrosal Nerve

The greater petrosal nerve is a branch of the facial nerve carrying parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal and salivary glands, as well as sensory taste fibers from the soft palate.

Green tea extract

Green tea extract is a highly concentrated active ingredient, rich in antioxidants, vitamins, minerals and secondary plant substances.

green tea histamine

Green tea can be problematic for people with histamine intolerance, as it acts as a histamine liberator. Learn what this means for those affected.

Grey-Turner Sign

The Grey-Turner sign is a clinical indicator of severe internal bleeding: a grey-blue discolouration of the flanks, typically associated with acute pancreatitis or retroperitoneal haemorrhage.

Grip Strength

Grip strength refers to the force exerted by the hand and forearm muscles when grasping. It is a key indicator of overall muscle strength and general health.

Grippaler Infekt

Ein grippaler Infekt ist eine virale Erkältung mit Husten, Schnupfen und Abgeschlagenheit. Erfahre, wie Lactoferrin zur Stärkung des Immunsystems und zur Linderung der Symptome beitragen kann.

Grippostad

Grippostad is an over-the-counter combination medication used to relieve cold and flu symptoms such as fever, pain, and nasal congestion.

Gross Energy Requirement

The gross energy requirement describes the total amount of energy a person needs daily to sustain all bodily functions and physical activities.

Ground Elder

Ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria) is a medicinal plant traditionally used for gout, rheumatism, and joint complaints. It is one of the best-known wild herbs in Central Europe.

Group Therapy

Group therapy is a form of psychotherapy in which several individuals work together under the guidance of a trained therapist to address mental health or social challenges.

Growth Disorder

A growth disorder is a significant deviation from normal physical growth in children and adolescents. Causes can be hormonal, genetic, or nutrition-related.

Growth Factor Analysis

Growth factor analysis is a diagnostic procedure that measures the concentration and activity of growth factors in blood or tissue. It provides key insights into tissue regeneration, tumor growth, and healing processes.

Growth Factor Receptor

A growth factor receptor is a cell surface protein that receives growth signals and regulates cell growth, division, and survival. Dysfunctions are central to the development of cancer.

Growth Hormone

Growth hormone (somatotropin) is a natural hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates growth, metabolism, and cell regeneration throughout the body.

Growth Hormone Deficiency

Growth hormone deficiency occurs when the pituitary gland does not produce enough growth hormone (somatotropin). It can cause growth disorders in children and metabolic problems in adults.

Growth Plate

The growth plate is a layer of cartilage near the ends of long bones in children and adolescents that regulates bone length growth.

Guanine

Guanine is one of the four nucleobases found in DNA and RNA. As a purine base, it plays a central role in storing and transmitting genetic information in all living organisms.

Guanosine Triphosphate

Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is a high-energy nucleotide that plays a central role in cellular energy metabolism and intracellular signal transduction.

Guar Gum

Guar gum is a natural thickening and stabilizing agent derived from the seeds of the guar plant (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba).

Guarana extract

A natural source of caffeine from the seeds of the guarana plant. It increases energy, improves mental alertness and supports fat burning.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare neurological disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nerves, potentially causing paralysis.

Gum Bleeding

Gum bleeding is a common sign of irritation or inflammation of the gums and may indicate conditions such as gingivitis or periodontitis.

Gum recession

Gum recession, medically known as gingival recession, describes the receding of the gums, which makes the root of the tooth visible.

Gummi arabicum

Gummi arabicum ist ein natürlicher Rohstoff, der aus dem getrockneten Saft von Akazien gewonnen wird und vor allem in der Lebensmittelindustrie Verwendung findet.

Gut Colonization

Gut colonization refers to the totality of microorganisms inhabiting the intestine. A healthy gut microbiome is essential for digestion, immune function, and overall well-being.

Gut Flora

Gut flora refers to the community of microorganisms living in the human intestine. It plays a key role in digestion, immune defense, and overall health.

Gut Flora Test

A gut flora test analyzes the composition of intestinal bacteria to provide insight into the microbial balance of the gut. It helps detect imbalances at an early stage.

Gut Health

Gut health refers to the optimal functioning of the digestive tract. A healthy gut is essential for immune function, metabolism, and overall well-being.

Gut Immunity

Gut immunity refers to the immune defense mechanisms active in the digestive tract. It protects against pathogens while maintaining tolerance to food and beneficial gut bacteria.

Gut Microbiome Balance

Gut microbiome balance refers to the healthy equilibrium of microorganisms living in the intestine. It plays a key role in digestion, immunity, and overall well-being.

Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota refers to the trillions of microorganisms living in the human intestine. It plays a key role in digestion, immune function, and overall health.

Gut-Brain Axis

Die Darm-Hirn-Achse beschreibt die bidirektionale Kommunikation zwischen dem zentralen Nervensystem und dem enterischen Nervensystem (ENS).

Gyrase Inhibitors

Gyrase inhibitors are antibiotics that block bacterial enzymes essential for DNA replication, effectively killing bacteria. They are used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.

Die neusten Einträge

3 Posts in this encyclopedia category

Soft Tissue Mobilization

Soft tissue mobilization is a manual therapy technique targeting muscles, fascia, and connective tissue to relieve pain, reduce tension, and restore normal movement and function.

Pancreatic Cyst

A pancreatic cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms in or on the pancreas. It can be benign or may require medical treatment depending on its type and size.

Miscarriage Prevention

Miscarriage prevention includes medical and lifestyle measures aimed at reducing the risk of pregnancy loss. Learn about causes, risk factors, and treatment options.