Gingiva index - evaluation of gingival health in dental diagnostics
The gingival index measures the degree of inflammation of the gums on a scale of 0 to 3. It is used to diagnose and monitor the progression of gingivitis and is widely used in dentistry.
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The Gingiva Index (GI) is an established dental procedure for assessing the degree of inflammation of the gums (gingiva).
The Gingiva Index was introduced in 1963 by Löe and Silness and is used for the objective assessment of gingivitisi.e. inflammation of the gums, by assessing clinical characteristics such as redness, swelling, bleeding and surface structure. The Gingiva Index is used in daily practice and in clinical studies to document the health of the gums and measure the success of treatment.
The assessment is performed visually and by probing four surfaces of each tooth (mesial, distal, vestibular, oral) and is graded according to a numerical system from 0 to 3:
- 0 = healthy gums (pale pink, firm, no bleeding)
- 1 = mild inflammation(redness, slight oedema, no bleeding on probing)
- 2 = moderate inflammation (redness, swelling, bleeding on probing)
- 3 = severe inflammation(marked redness, oedema, spontaneous bleeding, possibly ulceration)
- gingivitis treatments, for assessing the effectiveness of oral hygiene or for recognising patients at risk, for example as part of periodontitis prevention.
Important features of the Gingiva Index:
- Assessment of gingivitis based on visible characteristics
- Scale from 0 (healthy) to 3 (severe inflammation)
- detection on four tooth surfaces per tooth
- Application in clinical diagnostics and studies
- Supports the assessment and prevention of periodontal diseases
Literature references
- Löe, H., & Silness, J. (1963). "Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity." Acta Odontologica Scandinavica.
- Armitage, G. C. (2004). "Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions." Annals of Periodontology.
- Hefti, A. F. (1997). "Periodontal probing depth, a misleading clinical parameter." Periodontology 2000.
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