Long-term glucose value (HbA1c) - meaning, measurement and optimisation

The HbA1c value shows the average blood glucose level over the last few weeks. Find out which values are healthy and how you can lower your long-term glucose level naturally.

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The HbA1c value shows the average blood glucose level over the last few weeks. Find out which values are healthy and how you can lower your long-term glucose level naturally.

The long-term glucose value (HbA1c) provides information on the average blood glucose level over the last 8 to 12 weeks and is a key marker for diagnosing diabetes.blood glucose level over the last 8 to 12 weeks and is a key marker for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus. It shows how strongly the haemoglobin in the blood is linked to sugar, which means that long-term fluctuations in blood sugar are better detected than with a single blood sugar measurement.

The HbA1c values are given in percent (%) or mmol/mol and can be categorised as follows:

Healthy range: < 5.7 % (39 mmol/mol)
Prediabetes: 5.7 - 6.4 % (39 - 47 mmol/mol)
Diabetes mellitus: ≥ 6.5 % (≥ 48 mmol/mol)
Well-controlled diabetes: < 7.0% (53 mmol/mol)

An elevated HbA1c level indicates a persistent increase in blood sugar, which increases the risk of diabetic complications such as nerve damage, kidney disease or cardiovascular problems. A permanently low HbA1c value, on the other hand, can indicate a tendency to low blood sugar levels (hypoglycaemia).

To lower the long-term glucose level, a balanced diet, regular exercise and stabilisation of blood glucose levels are crucial. A diet rich in fibre, avoiding refined sugar and an increased intake of omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants can help to improve insulin sensitivity. Similarly, continuous blood glucose monitoring and lifestyle adjustment play a key role for people with diabetes or prediabetes.

Regular monitoring of the HbA1c value by means of a blood test at the doctor or in certain pharmacies is recommended in order to optimise the metabolism in the long term and minimise health risks.