Glossar: A
Do you have questions about specific symptoms or ingredients? Our glossary provides an A-to-Z guide to your health.
A
626 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryAbdominal Aortic Aneurysm
An abdominal aortic aneurysm is an abnormal enlargement of the main abdominal artery. It often causes no symptoms but can be life-threatening if it ruptures.
Abdominal Aortic Reconstruction
Abdominal aortic reconstruction is a surgical procedure to repair or replace the abdominal aorta, most commonly performed for an abdominal aortic aneurysm, to prevent life-threatening complications.
Abdominal Ganglion
An abdominal ganglion is a cluster of nerve cell bodies located in the abdominal cavity that relays autonomic signals to control key digestive and visceral organs.
Abdominal Lavage
Abdominal lavage is a surgical procedure in which the abdominal cavity is rinsed with a sterile solution to remove bacteria, pus, or blood caused by infections or injuries.
Abdominal Muscle Function
Abdominal muscle function refers to the diverse roles of the abdominal muscles in posture, movement, breathing, and protecting the internal organs.
abdominal organs
The abdominal organs are located in the abdominal cavity and perform vital functions including digestion, metabolism, detoxification, and excretion.
Abdominal Pain
Abdominal pain refers to discomfort or pain felt between the chest and pelvis. It is one of the most common complaints and can range from minor digestive issues to serious medical conditions.
Abdominal Pain
Abdominal pain refers to pain felt in the area between the chest and the pelvis. It is one of the most common symptoms encountered in medicine.
Abdominal Palpation
Abdominal palpation is a clinical examination technique in which a physician uses their hands to feel the abdomen, assessing organs, tenderness, and abnormalities.
Abdominal Reflex
The abdominal reflex is a neurological superficial reflex of the abdominal wall. It is used to detect damage to the nervous system and holds important diagnostic value.
Abdominal Surgery
Abdominal surgery is a surgical specialty that covers operative procedures on the organs of the abdominal cavity, including the stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Abdominal Trauma
Abdominal trauma is an injury to the abdominal cavity that can damage internal organs and become life-threatening. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential.
Abdominal Trauma
Abdominal trauma is an injury to the abdomen caused by external force. It can damage internal organs, blood vessels, and tissues, often requiring immediate medical attention.
Abdominal Ultrasound
An abdominal ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging procedure that uses sound waves to visualise the organs in the abdomen. It is painless, radiation-free, and provides key diagnostic information.
Abdominal Vein
An abdominal vein is a blood vessel located in the abdominal cavity that carries deoxygenated blood from the abdominal organs back to the heart.
Abdominal X-Ray
An abdominal X-ray is a radiographic examination of the abdominal cavity. It provides a quick overview of organs, gas distribution, and possible foreign bodies.
Abductor Weakness
Abductor weakness refers to reduced strength in the muscles responsible for moving limbs away from the body. It can significantly affect gait, balance, and overall quality of life.
Abortus completus
Abortus completus is a complete miscarriage in which all pregnancy tissue is spontaneously expelled from the uterus. No further medical or surgical treatment is usually required.
Abortus incipiens
Abortus incipiens is an inevitable miscarriage in early pregnancy characterized by cervical dilation, uterine contractions, and vaginal bleeding that cannot be stopped.
Abscess Formation
Abscess formation refers to the development of a walled-off, pus-filled cavity in body tissue. It is most commonly caused by bacterial infection and typically requires medical treatment.
Absolute Granulocyte Count
The absolute granulocyte count measures the actual number of granulocytes per microliter of blood. It is a key component of the complete blood count and reflects immune system activity.
Absorption
Absorption is the physiological process by which nutrients, fluids, or active substances are taken up through biological membranes and transported into the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
Absorption Capacity
Absorption capacity refers to the ability of the body to take up nutrients, active substances, or fluids from the digestive tract and transfer them into the bloodstream.
Absorption Rate
The absorption rate describes how quickly and completely a substance is taken up by the body. It is a key factor in determining the effectiveness of medications and nutrients.
Acacia fiber
Akazienfaser ist ein natürlicher Ballaststoff, der aus dem Saft von Akazienbäumen gewonnen wird und in bestimmten Lebensmitteln sowie Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln verwendet wird.
Acanthocyte
Acanthocytes are abnormally shaped red blood cells with irregular, spike-like projections. They are associated with various diseases and carry important diagnostic significance.
Acanthocytosis
Acanthocytosis refers to the presence of acanthocytes – spiky, irregularly shaped red blood cells – in the blood. It can indicate rare metabolic or neurological disorders.
Acanthocytosis
Acanthocytosis is a rare condition in which red blood cells develop an abnormal spiky shape. This deformity can lead to anemia and neurological complications.
Acanthosis
Acanthosis is a thickening of the epidermis caused by excessive proliferation of spinous cells. It is an important histological finding associated with various skin and metabolic conditions.
Accessory Nerve
The accessory nerve is the eleventh cranial nerve and controls key muscles of the neck and shoulder, enabling head rotation and shoulder elevation.
Accessory Spleen
An accessory spleen is a small nodule of splenic tissue found separately from the main spleen. It is usually a harmless incidental finding with no symptoms.
Acclimatization
Acclimatization is the process by which the human body adapts to changes in its environment, such as altitude, heat, or cold. This adaptation is essential for maintaining health and physical performance.
Accommodation
Accommodation is the ability of the eye to adjust its lens shape to focus clearly on objects at varying distances, enabling sharp near and far vision.
Accommodation Reflex
The accommodation reflex is the automatic adjustment of the eye to different viewing distances by changing the curvature of the lens.
ACE Inhibitors
ACE inhibitors are medications that lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. They are used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and kidney disease.
Acesulfame-K
Acesulfame-K (E950) is a calorie-free artificial sweetener used in foods and beverages. It is approximately 200 times sweeter than sugar and is considered safe for people with diabetes.
Acetabular
Acetabular refers to anything relating to the acetabulum, the cup-shaped socket of the hip joint. It is a key term in orthopedics and trauma surgery.
Acetabular Angle
The acetabular angle measures the inclination of the hip socket on an X-ray and is a key indicator for assessing hip joint development in children.
Acetabulum
The acetabulum is the cup-shaped socket of the pelvis that receives the head of the femur, forming the hip joint.
Acetic Acid
Acetic acid (ethanoic acid) is an organic acid naturally found in vinegar. It is widely used in food production, medicine, and industrial chemistry.
Acetyl Coenzyme
Acetyl coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) is a central metabolic molecule produced during the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, providing energy and building blocks for many essential body processes.
Acetyl Group
The acetyl group is a chemical functional group (CH₃CO-) that plays a central role in many biological processes, including energy metabolism and gene regulation.
Acetylation Capacity
Acetylation capacity refers to the genetically determined ability of the body to metabolize certain substances via the enzyme N-acetyltransferase. It affects individual tolerance to medications and dietary compounds.
Acetylation Disorder
An acetylation disorder refers to a disruption in the biochemical process by which acetyl groups are transferred to target molecules, affecting drug metabolism and detoxification.
Acetylation Profile
The acetylation profile describes an individual´s genetic ability to metabolize substances through acetylation. It affects how medications and foreign compounds are broken down by the body.
Acetylation Reaction
The acetylation reaction is a biochemical process in which an acetyl group is transferred to a molecule. It plays a central role in metabolism and in the detoxification of substances in the body.
Acetylation Status
Acetylation status describes an individual´s genetic capacity to metabolize certain substances via acetyltransferase enzymes. It significantly influences drug tolerance, side effect risk, and the processing of dietary compounds.
Acetylation Test
The acetylation test is a diagnostic procedure used to determine a person´s individual acetylation status, revealing how quickly the body breaks down certain substances and medications.
Acetylcarnitine
Acetylcarnitine is a naturally occurring compound in the body that plays a key role in energy metabolism and brain function.
Acetylcholin
Acetylcholin ist ein zentraler Neurotransmitter, der sowohl im zentralen als auch im peripheren Nervensystem wirkt.
Acetylsalicylic Acid
Acetylsalicylsäure, kurz ASS, ist ein weit verbreiteter Wirkstoff aus der Gruppe der nichtsteroidalen Antirheumatika (NSAR).
Achalasia Treatment
Achalasia treatment includes several procedures aimed at relieving swallowing difficulties caused by achalasia. The goal is to relax the lower esophageal sphincter.
Achilles Tendinopathy
Achilles tendinopathy is a painful overuse condition affecting the Achilles tendon. It is common in physically active individuals and causes pain, stiffness, and swelling near the heel.
Achilles Tendon
The Achilles tendon is the strongest tendon in the human body, connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone. It is essential for walking, running, and jumping.
Achilles Tendon Rupture
An Achilles tendon rupture is a complete or partial tear of the Achilles tendon. It commonly occurs during sports and requires prompt medical attention.
Achondroplasia
Achondroplasia is the most common form of dwarfism, caused by a mutation in the FGFR3 gene. It leads to shortened limbs with a normal-sized trunk and is the most frequent genetic skeletal dysplasia worldwide.
Acid-Base Balance
The acid-base balance refers to the equilibrium between acids and bases in the human body. A stable pH level is essential for all metabolic processes and overall health.
Acid-Base Balance
The acid-base balance refers to the equilibrium between acids and bases in the human body, measured by blood pH. It is essential for all physiological functions and must be tightly regulated.
Acidosis Treatment
Acidosis treatment involves corrective measures to restore a normal blood pH that has dropped below 7.35. Depending on the cause, therapy may include medication, ventilation support, or dietary adjustments.
Acne comedonica
Acne comedonica is a mild form of acne characterized by clogged pores appearing as blackheads and whiteheads. It commonly develops during puberty.
Acne Conglobata
Acne conglobata is a severe form of acne characterized by deep nodules, abscesses, and significant scarring. It mainly affects young men and requires intensive medical treatment.
Acne papulopustulosa
Acne papulopustulosa is a moderate form of acne characterised by inflamed papules and pus-filled pustules. It is caused by clogged pores, bacterial activity, and skin inflammation.
Acne Sebum
Acne sebum refers to the role of excess skin oil production in the development of acne. Overproduction of sebum clogs pores and triggers inflammation.
Acne vulgaris
Acne vulgaris is the most common skin condition and affects millions of people. Find out what causes it and how it is treated.
Acrocyanosis
Acrocyanosis is a circulatory disorder causing persistent bluish-violet discoloration of the hands and feet. It is usually harmless and worsens in cold conditions.
Acrodermatitis
Acrodermatitis is a skin condition primarily affecting the extremities such as hands, feet, and face. It can have various causes and often occurs in children or in connection with nutritional deficiencies.
Acromegaly
Acromegaly is a rare hormonal disorder caused by excess growth hormone production, leading to characteristic enlargement of the hands, feet, and facial features.
Acromioclavicular
The acromioclavicular joint connects the shoulder blade to the collarbone. Injuries or conditions affecting this joint cause shoulder pain and restricted movement.
Acromioplasty
Acromioplasty is a surgical procedure on the shoulder in which bone spurs on the acromion are removed to relieve pain and restore freedom of movement.
Actigraphy
Actigraphy is a non-invasive diagnostic method used to monitor movement activity and sleep-wake cycles by means of a small wearable sensor device.
Actinic Keratosis
Actinic keratosis is a rough, scaly skin lesion caused by long-term UV exposure and is considered a precancerous condition. Early treatment helps prevent progression.
Actinomycosis
Actinomycosis is a rare bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces bacteria. It typically affects the jaw, lungs, or abdomen, forming chronic abscesses and characteristic sinus tracts.
Action Potential
An action potential is a brief electrical signal used by nerve and muscle cells to transmit information. It forms the basis of all nerve and muscle activity in the body.
Activated Charcoal
Activated charcoal is a highly porous carbon material used in medicine to treat poisonings. It binds toxins in the gastrointestinal tract and prevents their absorption into the bloodstream.
Activated Charcoal
Activated charcoal is a medical substance used in cases of poisoning to bind toxins in the gastrointestinal tract and prevent their absorption into the bloodstream.
Active Immunization
Active immunization is a preventive measure in which a vaccine stimulates the immune system to produce its own antibodies, providing long-term protection against infectious diseases.
Acupuncture
Die Akupunktur ist ein zentraler Bestandteil der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin (TCM) und wird seit über 2.000 Jahren zur Behandlung verschiedener Beschwerden eingesetzt.
Acupuncture Needle
An acupuncture needle is a thin, sterile instrument used in acupuncture to stimulate specific points on the body. It is a core tool of traditional Chinese medicine and modern integrative healthcare.
Acute Kidney Failure
Acute kidney failure is a sudden loss of kidney function that develops within hours or days. Prompt medical treatment is essential to prevent permanent damage.
Acute Pain Management
Acute pain management includes all medical measures to rapidly relieve sudden or intense pain, such as after surgery, injuries, or acute illnesses.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening lung condition in which severe inflammation causes the lungs to fail, preventing adequate oxygen from reaching the bloodstream.
Acyl Group
The acyl group is a chemical structural element found in many biologically important molecules. It is formed by removing a hydroxyl group from a carboxylic acid.
Acylcarnitine
Acylcarnitine is a biochemical compound formed during the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria. It plays a key role in energy metabolism and serves as an important biomarker for diagnosing metabolic disorders.
Acylcarnitine Profile
The acylcarnitine profile is a diagnostic blood test used to detect inherited metabolic disorders. It measures acylcarnitines in the blood and is a key component of newborn screening programs.
Adaptation Hormone
Adaptation hormones are hormones that help the body respond to stress and changing conditions. Cortisol is the most well-known example of an adaptation hormone.
Adaptation Reaction
An adaptation reaction describes the body ability to adjust to changing internal or external conditions. It is a fundamental biological principle in medicine.
Adaptation Stress
Adaptation stress refers to the physical and psychological strain that occurs when the body and mind must adjust to new conditions or demands. It can be acute or chronic.
Addison’s Disease
Die Addison-Krankheit (Morbus Addison) ist eine seltene Erkrankung, bei der die Nebennierenrinde zu wenig Cortisol und häufig auch Aldosteron produziert.
Adductor Strain
An adductor strain is a painful overstretching of the inner thigh muscles. It is a common sports injury that causes groin pain and limited range of motion.
Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma is a malignant tumor arising from glandular tissue. It is one of the most common cancer types and can affect many organs throughout the body.
Adenohypophysis
The adenohypophysis is the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and produces vital hormones that regulate numerous body functions including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Adenoma Sebaceum
Adenoma sebaceum refers to benign skin lesions on the face, typically associated with tuberous sclerosis. Despite the name, they are facial angiofibromas, not true adenomas.
Adenomatous
Adenomatous refers to tissue or changes that resemble or originate from an adenoma, a benign glandular tumor. The term is widely used in medicine to classify polyps and tumor-like growths.
Adenosine 5-Phosphoric Acid
Adenosine 5-phosphoric acid (AMP) is a naturally occurring nucleotide essential to cellular energy metabolism, playing a key role in energy production and cell signaling.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that occurs in almost all living cells and serves as the body's universal energy source.
Adenoviren
Adenoviren verursachen Infektionen von Atemwegen, Augen und Darm – besonders bei Kindern. Erfahre hier alles über Symptome, Übertragung, Schutzmaßnahmen und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten.
Adenovirus Infection
Adenovirus infection is an infectious disease caused by adenoviruses that can affect the respiratory tract, eyes, and gastrointestinal tract. It is especially common in children.
Adenylate Kinase
Adenylate kinase is a vital enzyme in cellular energy metabolism that catalyzes the interconversion of adenine nucleotides, helping cells maintain their energy supply.
Adherence Therapy
Adherence therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach that helps patients consistently take their medication and actively engage in their treatment. It improves therapy adherence through motivational techniques and structured counselling.
Adie Syndrome
Adie syndrome is a neurological condition characterized by a sluggish, light-unresponsive pupil and diminished tendon reflexes. It is generally benign and more commonly affects women.
Adipic Acid
Adipic acid (E355) is an organic dicarboxylic acid used as a food additive and in industrial applications. It acts as an acidulant, giving foods a mild, lasting sour taste.
Adipocyte Activation
Adipocyte activation refers to the stimulation of fat cells to release stored energy or secrete hormonal signals. It plays a key role in metabolic regulation and energy balance.
Adipocyte Maturation
Adipocyte maturation describes the process by which precursor cells develop into mature fat cells. This process is central to the regulation of body fat and metabolism.
Adipogenesis
Adipogenesis is the biological process by which precursor cells develop into mature fat cells (adipocytes). It plays a key role in the formation of adipose tissue and in the development of obesity.
Adipokine Regulation
Adipokine regulation refers to the control of signaling molecules produced by fat tissue that influence metabolism, inflammation, and appetite.
Adipokines
Adipokines are signaling molecules secreted by fat tissue that play key roles in metabolism, immune function, and cardiovascular health.
Adiponectin
Adiponectin is a hormone produced by fat tissue that regulates metabolism and provides protective effects on the heart and blood vessels.
Adipose Tissue Hormones
Adipose tissue hormones are signaling molecules produced by fat cells that regulate metabolism, appetite, and immune function throughout the body.
Adrenal Insufficiency
Adrenal insufficiency is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones. It can cause fatigue, dizziness, and other serious symptoms.
Adrenalectomy
An adrenalectomy is the surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands. It is performed to treat tumors or hormonal disorders affecting the adrenal glands.
Adrenaline Rush
An adrenaline rush is a sudden release of the hormone adrenaline into the bloodstream, putting the body on high alert and triggering a rapid stress response.
Adrenaline Sensitivity
Adrenaline sensitivity describes how strongly the body responds to the stress hormone adrenaline (epinephrine). Altered sensitivity can have wide-ranging effects on health and well-being.
Adrenarche
Adrenarche is a phase of childhood development in which the adrenal cortex begins to produce increasing amounts of androgens. It typically occurs between the ages of 6 and 8.
Adrenoceptor
Adrenoceptors are receptors in the human body that respond to adrenaline and noradrenaline, regulating key functions in the cardiovascular system and many other organs.
Adrenocorticotropin
Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol and plays a key role in the body´s stress response system.
Adsorbents
Adsorbents are substances that bind other compounds to their surface. In medicine and the food industry, they are used for detoxification and purification purposes.
Adsorption
Adsorption is the process by which substances adhere to the surface of a material. In medicine, it is used to bind toxins or harmful substances in the body and prevent their absorption.
Aerobic Training
Aerobic training is a form of physical activity in which the body produces energy using oxygen. It strengthens the heart, lungs, and overall endurance.
Aerobiosis Status
The aerobiosis status describes whether a microorganism grows in the presence or absence of oxygen. It is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections.
Aerosol Therapy
Aerosol therapy is an inhalation treatment in which finely nebulized medications are delivered directly into the airways. It is commonly used for asthma, COPD, and other respiratory conditions.
Aerotolerant
Aerotolerant microorganisms can survive in the presence of oxygen without requiring it for growth. They are a key concept in microbiology and infectious disease medicine.
Aesthetics
Der Begriff Ästhetik bezeichnet die Lehre von der Wahrnehmung des Schönen und beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie Formen, Proportionen, Farben und Strukturen auf den Menschen wirken.
Affect Regulation
Affect regulation refers to the ability to perceive, understand, and manage emotional states. It is a central concept in psychology and psychiatry with major relevance for mental health.
Affective Lability
Affective lability refers to rapid, often uncontrollable mood swings. It occurs in various neurological and psychiatric conditions and can significantly impact daily life.
Affenpocken
Affenpocken (Mpox) sind eine virale Zoonose mit Hautausschlag und grippeähnlichen Symptomen. Übertragung erfolgt durch engen Kontakt. Impfungen und Hygiene bieten Schutz.
Affirmations
Affirmations are deliberately chosen positive statements that are repeated regularly to shift one’s thought patterns and promote emotional well-being.
Aflatoxins
Aflatoxins are toxic mycotoxins produced by certain molds that can contaminate foods such as grains, nuts, and dried fruits.
Afterloading
Afterloading is a form of internal radiation therapy in which a radioactive source is precisely placed inside or near a tumor to destroy cancer cells from within.
Agave Syrup
Agave syrup is a natural sweetener derived from the sap of the agave plant. It is rich in fructose and commonly used as an alternative to sugar or honey.
Age-related itching
Senile pruritus (pruritus senilis) refers to persistent or recurring itching in older people, often without visible skin changes.
Ageing Biomarker
Ageing biomarkers are measurable biological parameters that reflect the ageing process of the body and help determine a person´s biological age.
Agglutination
Agglutination is the clumping of cells or particles caused by antibodies. It is a key process in immunology, blood typing, and laboratory diagnostics.
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus is a gram-negative bacterium found in normal oral flora that can rarely but seriously cause infections such as infective endocarditis.
Agoraphobia
Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder in which people fear and avoid open spaces, crowds, or situations where escape seems difficult. It can severely impact daily life.
Agoraphobie (Platzangst)
Agoraphobie ist eine Form der Angststörung, bei der Betroffene ausgeprägte Angst vor bestimmten Situationen oder Orten entwickeln, aus denen ein Entkommen schwierig erscheint.
Agouti Protein
The agouti protein is an endogenous signaling molecule that regulates metabolism, body weight, and pigmentation. It influences hunger and satiety through specific receptors in the brain.
Agranulocytosis
Agranulocytosis is a severe deficiency of neutrophil granulocytes in the blood, which critically weakens the immune system and can cause life-threatening infections.
Airborne Infection
An airborne infection is a disease transmitted through the air, where pathogens are inhaled via droplets or aerosols released by infected individuals.
Airway Inflammation
Airway inflammation is an inflammatory response affecting the respiratory tract, including the nose, throat, bronchi, or lungs. It is commonly caused by infections, allergies, or environmental irritants.
Akinetic Mutism
Akinetic mutism is a rare neurological condition in which a person appears awake but neither speaks nor moves voluntarily. It is typically caused by severe brain damage.
Akkermansia muciniphila
Akkermansia muciniphila is a gut bacterium that plays a key role in intestinal health and immune regulation, attracting growing interest in medical research.
Akupressurpunkt
Die 10 wichtigsten Akupressurpunkte einfach erklärt – zur Selbstbehandlung bei Stress, Müdigkeit, Schmerzen und innerer Unruhe. Sanfter Fingerdruck statt Nadeln.
Alanine Aminotransferase
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a liver enzyme measured in the blood to detect liver damage. Elevated ALT levels are a key marker for diagnosing liver disease.
Alarm Cytokines
Alarm cytokines are immune signaling proteins released immediately upon tissue damage or infection, triggering a rapid and coordinated immune response.
Alarm Reaction
The alarm reaction is the first phase of the body's stress response. It rapidly prepares the organism for fight or flight and is triggered by hormones such as adrenaline.
Albumin Deficiency
Albumin deficiency refers to abnormally low albumin levels in the blood. It may indicate malnutrition, liver disease, kidney disorders, or chronic inflammation.
Albumin Fraction
The albumin fraction describes the proportion of albumin among total serum proteins, as measured by serum protein electrophoresis. It reflects liver function and nutritional status.
Albumin Level
The albumin level measures the concentration of albumin protein in the blood and is a key marker for nutritional status, liver function, and overall health.
Albumin Synthesis
Albumin synthesis refers to the production of albumin by the liver. Albumin is the most abundant protein in blood plasma and plays a key role in fluid balance and transport of substances.
Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio
The albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) is a urine test used to detect early kidney damage. It measures the amount of albumin relative to creatinine in a urine sample.
Albuminuria
Albuminuria refers to the presence of elevated albumin levels in the urine and is a key indicator of kidney disease or increased cardiovascular risk.
Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage
Alcohol-induced liver damage is a condition caused by excessive alcohol consumption, ranging from reversible fatty liver to life-threatening liver cirrhosis.
Alcoholism
Alcoholism, also known as alcohol dependence or alcoholism, is a disease characterised by a physical and psychological dependence on alcohol.
Aldehyde Group
The aldehyde group is a functional group in organic chemistry with the formula -CHO. It plays an important role in biochemistry and medicine.
Aldehyde Metabolism
Aldehyde metabolism describes the biochemical processes by which the body breaks down aldehydes, primarily in the liver. It plays a key role in alcohol detoxification.
Aldosterone
Aldosterone is a vital hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates the balance of salt and water in the body, as well as blood pressure.
Aldosterone Antagonist
Aldosterone antagonists are medications that block the effects of the hormone aldosterone. They are used in heart failure, high blood pressure, and certain kidney conditions.
Aldosterone Excess
Aldosterone excess occurs when the adrenal glands produce too much aldosterone, leading to high blood pressure and low potassium levels.
Aldosterone Secretion
Aldosterone secretion refers to the release of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. It plays a key role in regulating the body's fluid and electrolyte balance.
Alendronic Acid
Alendronic acid is a medication used to treat osteoporosis. It slows bone loss and reduces the risk of fractures in both women and men.
Algae Minerals
Algae minerals are natural mineral sources derived from marine algae. They provide calcium, magnesium, and trace elements, and are used as dietary supplements to support bone health and metabolism.
Algae Powder
Algae powder is a dried dietary supplement made from seaweed or microalgae, rich in nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
Alginate Capsules
Alginate capsules are plant-based capsule shells made from alginate, a natural extract derived from brown seaweed. They serve as a vegan alternative to gelatin capsules for supplements and medications.
Algotherapy
Algotherapy is a natural healing method that uses marine or freshwater algae therapeutically to support skin health, joint function, and metabolic processes.
Alimentary
Alimentary refers to anything related to nutrition or the intake of food. In medicine, the term describes conditions or processes caused or influenced by diet.
Alkali Metal
Alkali metals are highly reactive chemical elements in group 1 of the periodic table. In medicine, their ionic forms serve as essential electrolytes that regulate vital body functions.
Alkaline Fasting
Alkaline fasting is a dietary approach in which only base-forming foods are consumed to support the body's acid-base balance and overall wellbeing.
Alkaline Minerals
Alkaline minerals are minerals that support the body´s acid-base balance. They help neutralize excess acids and promote overall physiological equilibrium.
Alkaline Phosphatase
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found in the blood that provides important information about the health of the liver, bones, and bile ducts. Elevated or decreased levels may indicate various medical conditions.
Alkaline-Forming Foods
Alkaline-forming foods are foods or substances that produce an alkalizing effect during metabolism, helping to support the body´s acid-base balance and overall health.
Alkalisation
Alkalisation refers to the process of raising the pH value in body fluids or tissues. It plays an important role in medicine and nutritional science.
Alkaloid Content
Alkaloid content refers to the concentration of alkaloids in a plant or product. These natural nitrogen-based compounds can have both therapeutic and toxic effects on the human body.
Alkaloid Extract
An alkaloid extract is a concentrated plant-derived preparation containing bioactive alkaloids. These nitrogen-based compounds are widely used in medicine, pharmacology, and naturopathy.
Alkalosis Treatment
Alkalosis treatment includes measures to correct an elevated blood pH and restore the normal acid-base balance. The approach depends on the underlying cause.
Alkyl Group
An alkyl group is an organic chemical fragment composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, playing a key role in medicine, pharmacology, and biochemistry.
Alkyl Phosphate Intoxication
Alkyl phosphate intoxication is a life-threatening poisoning caused by organophosphate compounds that severely impair the nervous system and require immediate medical treatment.
Alkylating Agents
Alkylating agents are cytostatic drugs that damage the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing. They are among the oldest and most important drug classes in cancer therapy.
Alkylresorcinol
Alkylresorcinols are bioactive plant compounds found mainly in whole grain wheat and rye. They serve as reliable biomarkers of whole grain intake and have potential health-promoting properties.
Alkylresorcinols
Alkylresorcinols are bioactive plant compounds found primarily in whole grain cereals. They serve as biomarkers for whole grain intake and are studied for their potential health-protective effects.
Allantoin Skin Care
Allantoin skin care refers to the use of allantoin as an active ingredient in cosmetic and dermatological products. It soothes, regenerates, and protects the skin.
Allele Frequency
Allele frequency describes how often a specific variant of a gene occurs in a population. It is a key measure in population genetics and medical genomics.
Allergen Avoidance
Allergen avoidance refers to the deliberate elimination of allergy-triggering substances from a person´s environment or diet. It is a key strategy in managing allergic conditions.
Allergen Characterization
Allergen characterization is the scientific analysis and classification of allergens to determine their structure, properties, and allergy-triggering potential.
Allergen Exposure
Allergen exposure refers to contact between the body and an allergen capable of triggering an allergic reaction. It is a key factor in the development and progression of allergies.
Allergen Extract
An allergen extract is a medically prepared solution derived from allergy-triggering substances, used in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic conditions.
Allergen Immunotherapy
Allergen immunotherapy is a causal treatment for allergies that gradually trains the immune system to tolerate specific allergens, providing long-term relief from allergic symptoms.
Allergen Test
An allergen test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify substances that trigger allergic reactions in a person, enabling targeted treatment decisions.
Allergen Tolerance
Allergen tolerance is the ability of the immune system to not overreact to harmless substances. It forms the basis of modern treatments such as allergen immunotherapy.
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Allergic conjunctivitis is an inflammatory reaction of the eye´s conjunctiva triggered by allergens such as pollen or pet dander. It causes redness, itching, and watery eyes.
Allergic Rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa triggered by allergens such as pollen or house dust. It causes sneezing, a runny nose, and itching.
Allergisches Asthma
Allergisches Asthma ist eine Form von Asthma bronchiale, bei der die Atemwege überempfindlich auf allergieauslösende Stoffe reagieren.
Allergy Diagnostics
Allergy diagnostics includes medical tests used to detect and confirm allergies. It helps identify specific triggers of allergic reactions and guides appropriate treatment decisions.
Allergy Immunotherapy
Allergy immunotherapy (desensitization) gradually trains the immune system to tolerate specific allergens, providing long-term relief from allergic symptoms.
Allergy Medical History
An allergy medical history is a structured patient interview conducted to identify allergic conditions, triggers, and risk factors – a key step in allergological diagnosis.
Allopurinol
Allopurinol is a medication used to lower uric acid levels in the blood. It is primarily prescribed for gout and certain kidney conditions.
Allosteric
Allosteric describes the regulation of proteins or enzymes through the binding of a molecule at a site other than the active center, altering their activity.
Alpha Blockade
Alpha blockade refers to the inhibition of alpha-adrenergic receptors by medications, used to lower blood pressure or relieve symptoms of an enlarged prostate.
Alpha lipoic acid
Alpha-lipoic acid is a versatile sulphur-containing compound that can be produced by the body as well as absorbed through food.
Alpha-1-Fetoprotein
Alpha-1-fetoprotein (AFP) is a blood protein used as a tumor marker and in prenatal diagnostics. Elevated levels may indicate liver disease or certain types of cancer.
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a plant-based omega-3 fatty acid and one of the main sources of vegan omega-3.
Alpha-Tocopherol
Alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form of vitamin E and a key fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative stress and supports immune function.
Alport Syndrome
Alport syndrome is a rare, inherited kidney disease caused by mutations in collagen type IV genes, leading to progressive kidney failure, hearing loss, and eye abnormalities.
Alprazolam
Alprazolam is a prescription sedative belonging to the benzodiazepine class. It is primarily used to treat anxiety disorders and panic attacks.
ALS Amyotrophe Lateralsklerose
ALS ist eine unheilbare Nervenerkrankung mit Muskelschwäche und Atemproblemen. Erfahre mehr über Ursachen, Verlauf und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten.
Alternans Syndrome
Alternans syndrome is a cardiac phenomenon characterized by beat-to-beat variations in ECG signals or pulse strength, indicating an increased risk of dangerous arrhythmias.
Alternative Medicine
Alternative medicine includes healing practices outside conventional medicine. It is used alongside or instead of standard medical treatments to support health and well-being.
Alternative practitioner
Naturopaths rely on natural healing methods to promote self-healing. Find out more about training, forms of therapy and leading naturopathy schools in Germany.
Alveolar Macrophage
Alveolar macrophages are specialized immune cells residing in the lung alveoli. They act as the first line of defense, eliminating pathogens, inhaled particles, and cellular debris.
Alveolar Pressure
Alveolar pressure is the air pressure within the alveoli, the tiny air sacs of the lungs. It drives airflow during breathing and is essential for normal respiratory function.
Alveolar Septum
The alveolar septum is the thin wall separating two adjacent air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs and plays a key role in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Alveolar Space
The alveolar space is the region of the lung where gas exchange takes place. It encompasses the alveoli (air sacs) and is essential for transferring oxygen into the bloodstream.
Alveolar-Capillary
Alveolar-capillary refers to the functional unit of lung alveoli and surrounding capillaries where the vital exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood takes place.
Alveolitis
Alveolitis is an inflammation of the alveoli – the tiny air sacs in the lungs – or of the tooth socket after a dental extraction. It can be triggered by allergens, infections, or autoimmune processes.
Alzheimer's dementia
Alzheimer's is the most common form of dementia. Find out all about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and holistic treatment approaches to improve the quality of life with Alzheimer's dementia.
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects memory and other cognitive abilities.
Amaurosis Fugax
Amaurosis fugax is a sudden, temporary, and painless loss of vision in one eye, lasting seconds to minutes, and is considered an important warning sign of an impending stroke.
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring records blood pressure over 24 hours during daily life. It helps reliably detect hypertension and optimize treatment decisions.
Ameloblastoma
Ameloblastoma is a rare, benign but locally aggressive tumor of the jawbone that originates from tooth-forming (odontogenic) epithelial tissue and most commonly affects the lower jaw.
Amelogenin
Amelogenin is a structural protein that plays a central role in tooth enamel formation and is widely used in medicine and forensic science.
Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation. It can be primary or secondary and may result from hormonal, anatomical, or systemic causes.
Amenorrhea Treatment
Amenorrhea treatment covers all therapeutic approaches for absent menstruation. Treatment is tailored to the underlying cause and the individual goals of the patient.
Amino Acid Biosynthesis
Amino acid biosynthesis refers to the biochemical processes by which living organisms produce amino acids, the building blocks of all proteins. It is essential for growth, repair, and metabolism.
Amino Acid Profile
An amino acid profile describes the composition and quantity of all amino acids found in a food or in the blood. It indicates how well a protein meets the nutritional needs of the human body.
Amino acids
Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins and are of fundamental importance for the human body;
Aminoaciduria
Aminoaciduria refers to the excessive excretion of amino acids in the urine. It can indicate metabolic disorders or kidney disease.
Aminocyclitol
Aminocyclitols are a class of cyclic compounds containing amino groups, serving as the core structure of important antibiotics used in the treatment of serious bacterial infections.
Aminoglycoside Antibiotic
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics used primarily to treat severe bacterial infections. They work by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, leading to bacterial cell death.
Aminopeptidase
Aminopeptidases are enzymes that break down proteins by cleaving amino acids from the free N-terminus of a peptide chain. They play a key role in digestion and cellular metabolism.
Aminotransferase
Aminotransferases are enzymes that play a key role in metabolism and serve as laboratory markers for assessing liver and heart health.
Amiodarone
Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic drug used to treat cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and other life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
Amitriptyline
Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant used to treat depression, chronic pain conditions, and sleep disorders.
Amlodipine
Amlodipine is a prescription medication used to treat high blood pressure and angina pectoris. It belongs to the class of calcium channel blockers.
Amoeba Cyst
An amoeba cyst is the resistant resting stage of the parasite Entamoeba histolytica and the primary infectious form responsible for amoebiasis in humans.
Amoeba Infestation
Amoeba infestation refers to an infection caused by single-celled parasites called amoebae. The most common form is amoebiasis, caused by Entamoeba histolytica.
Amoebiasis
Amoebiasis is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It primarily affects the intestine and can spread to internal organs in severe cases.
Amoebic Abscess
An amoebic abscess is a pus-filled cavity caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, most commonly affecting the liver. It frequently occurs in travelers returning from tropical regions.
Amoebic Dysentery
Amoebic dysentery is an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, leading to bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever.
Amoebicidal Cysticide
An amoebicidal cysticide is an agent that destroys the cyst forms of amoebae, helping to prevent or treat infections caused by these parasitic organisms.
Amoebocyte
An amoebocyte is a mobile, amoeba-like cell found in invertebrates and related cell types in humans. It plays key roles in immune defense, tissue repair, and nutrient transport.
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin is a widely used broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the penicillin class. It is prescribed to treat a range of bacterial infections.
Amphifila sp.
Amphifila sp. is a fungal genus within the Ascomycota, known as a plant endophyte or pathogen and occasionally as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals.
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B is an antifungal medication used to treat severe and life-threatening fungal infections. It is one of the most potent antifungals available and is typically reserved for serious systemic infections.
Ampicillin
Ampicillin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the aminopenicillin group, widely used to treat a range of bacterial infections.
Ampullary Stenosis
Ampullary stenosis is a narrowing of the ampulla of Vater, where the bile duct and pancreatic duct drain into the small intestine. It can cause jaundice, abdominal pain, and digestive problems.
Amputation
An amputation is the surgical or traumatic removal of a limb or body part. It is performed in cases of severe injury, circulatory disorders, or malignant disease to preserve the patient´s life.
Amputation Prosthetics
Amputation prosthetics is the medical field focused on fitting amputees with custom prosthetic limbs to restore mobility, function, and quality of life.
Amputation Stump
An amputation stump is the remaining part of a limb after surgical amputation. Proper stump care and shaping are essential for successful prosthetic fitting and rehabilitation.
Amyloid Accumulation
Amyloid accumulation refers to the pathological buildup of misfolded proteins (amyloid) in tissues and organs, which can lead to serious organ dysfunction and disease.
Amyloid Beta
Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a protein fragment naturally produced in the brain. Its abnormal accumulation forms plaques linked to Alzheimer disease and neurodegeneration.
Amyloid plaques
Amyloid plaques are protein deposits in the brain and are considered to be the main feature of Alzheimer's disease. Find out all about their development, diagnostic methods and new therapeutic approaches here.
Amyloidosis
Amyloidosis is a rare disease in which abnormal protein deposits called amyloids accumulate in organs and tissues, impairing their normal function.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe progressive neurological disease in which motor nerve cells gradually degenerate and die, leading to increasing muscle weakness and paralysis.
Anabolic Metabolism
Anabolic metabolism refers to the constructive processes in the body that build complex molecules such as proteins, fats, and DNA from simpler building blocks.
Anabolic Steroid Abuse
Anabolic steroid abuse refers to the non-medical use of synthetic testosterone derivatives to enhance muscle growth and athletic performance, carrying serious health risks.
Anabolic Window
The anabolic window refers to a short period after exercise during which the body is thought to use nutrients especially efficiently for muscle building and recovery.
Anaesthesia
Anaesthesia is the medical suppression of pain and consciousness during surgical procedures. It is achieved through anaesthetic agents and administered by specialist physicians.
Anaesthesiology
Anaesthesiology is the medical specialty concerned with pain elimination, sedation, and patient monitoring during surgical procedures and critical care.
Anal Fibrosis
Anal fibrosis is a condition characterized by abnormal growth of scar and connective tissue in the anal canal, leading to narrowing, stiffening, and functional impairment.
Anal Fissure
An anal fissure is a small tear in the lining of the anal canal. It causes intense pain during bowel movements and can be either acute or chronic.
Anal Fistula
An anal fistula is a small tunnel that forms between the inside of the anal canal and the skin around the anus. It usually develops after an abscess and causes pain, swelling, and discharge.
Anal Fistula Closure
Anal fistula closure refers to surgical procedures used to permanently seal an anal fistula, an abnormal channel between the anal canal and the surrounding skin.
Anal Fistula Seton
An anal fistula seton is a surgical technique for treating anal fistulas, in which a thread or suture is passed through the fistula tract to promote gradual healing.
Anal Reflex
The anal reflex is a neurological protective reflex in which the external anal sphincter contracts in response to perianal skin stimulation. It is used to assess the integrity of the sacral spinal cord.
Anal Vein Thrombosis
Anal vein thrombosis is a painful condition caused by a blood clot forming in the veins around the anus, resulting in a visible swelling and acute pain.
Analgesic Poisoning
Analgesic poisoning occurs when too high a dose of painkillers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen is taken. It can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
Analgesic Therapy
Analgesic therapy refers to the targeted use of pain-relieving medications for the treatment of acute and chronic pain conditions.
Anaphylactic Shock
Anaphylactic shock is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction affecting the whole body. Immediate medical treatment is critical for survival.
Androgen Deficiency
Androgen deficiency refers to abnormally low levels of male sex hormones in the body. It can cause fatigue, loss of libido, and muscle loss, and affects both men and women.
Androgen Receptor
The androgen receptor is an intracellular protein that binds androgens such as testosterone and regulates the expression of numerous genes throughout the body.
Androgen Status
Androgen status describes the concentration of male sex hormones in the blood. It is used to diagnose hormonal disorders in both men and women.
Andropause
Andropause refers to the age-related decline in testosterone levels in men, typically beginning around age 40. It can cause symptoms such as fatigue, reduced libido, and mood changes.
Anemia (Blood Deficiency)
Anemia is a condition in which the blood lacks enough red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry sufficient oxygen. Common symptoms include fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath.
Aneurysm Clipping
Aneurysm clipping is a neurosurgical procedure in which a metal clip is placed at the base of a brain aneurysm to seal it off and prevent rupture or life-threatening bleeding.
Aneurysm Rupture
An aneurysm rupture occurs when a pathologically weakened and bulging blood vessel wall tears or bursts. It is a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate medical intervention.
aneurysm symptoms
Aneurysm symptoms are often silent until a dangerous rupture occurs. Learn which warning signs may indicate an aneurysm and when to seek immediate medical care.
Aneurysm Treatment
Aneurysm treatment includes all medical procedures to manage an abnormal bulge in an artery wall. The primary goal is to prevent rupture and life-threatening bleeding.
Angelman Syndrome
Angelman syndrome is a rare genetic neurological disorder causing severe intellectual disability, movement problems, and characteristic behavioral features such as frequent laughter.
Angina pectoris
Angina pectoris is the term for pain or tightness in the chest caused by insufficient oxygen supply to the heart muscle.
angina symptoms
Angina symptoms typically include chest pain, pressure, and tightness caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle during physical or emotional stress.
Angioedema
Angioedema is a sudden, deep swelling of the skin and mucous membranes, often affecting the face, lips, or throat. It can be allergic, hereditary, or medication-induced.
Angioedema Prophylaxis
Angioedema prophylaxis includes medicinal and non-medicinal strategies to prevent recurrent episodes of angioedema, especially in hereditary angioedema (HAE).
Angioedema Therapy
Angioedema therapy covers all treatments for angioedema – a sudden, deep swelling of the skin and mucous membranes. Depending on the underlying cause, different medications and emergency measures are used.
Angiogenesis
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels - central to healing, but also to tumour growth. Find out more about physiological functions, pathological processes and therapeutic approaches.
Angiogenesis Inhibition
Angiogenesis inhibition refers to the targeted suppression of new blood vessel formation. It is primarily used in cancer therapy to cut off the blood supply to tumors.
Angiography
Die Angiographie ist ein bildgebendes Verfahren, mit dem Blutgefäße sichtbar gemacht werden,
Angiomyolipoma
An angiomyolipoma is a benign kidney tumor composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle cells, and fat tissue. It is often found incidentally and may require treatment depending on its size.
Angiopathy
Angiopathy refers to a disease of the blood vessels in which arteries, veins, or capillaries are damaged. It commonly occurs as a complication of diabetes or high blood pressure.
Angioplasty
Angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure used to widen narrowed or blocked blood vessels. It is most commonly performed on the coronary arteries of the heart.
Angioplasty Balloon Catheter
An angioplasty balloon catheter is a minimally invasive medical device used to widen narrowed or blocked blood vessels. It is a key tool in interventional cardiology and vascular medicine.
Angulus subpubicus
The angulus subpubicus is the bony angle beneath the pubic symphysis in the female pelvis. It is a key anatomical measurement in obstetrics and gynecology.
Anhidrosis
Anhidrosis is a condition in which the sweat glands produce little or no sweat, impairing the body's ability to regulate temperature and increasing the risk of overheating.
Animal hair allergy
Animal hair allergy is an allergic reaction to proteins from animal dander, saliva or urine - not to the hair itself.
Anisaldehyde
Anisaldehyde is an aromatic compound with a characteristic anise-like scent, widely used in food flavoring, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical research.
Anisocytosis
Anisocytosis refers to the presence of red blood cells of unequal size in a blood sample. It is a common indicator of underlying blood disorders such as anemia.
Ankle Mortise
The ankle mortise is the fork-shaped bony structure of the upper ankle joint, formed by the medial and lateral malleoli. It cradles the talus and provides essential joint stability.
Ankyloblepharon
Ankyloblepharon refers to the partial or complete fusion of the upper and lower eyelids. This congenital or acquired condition can impair vision and often requires surgical treatment.
annual mugwort effects
Annual mugwort (Artemisia annua) is a medicinal plant with potent antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory properties. Learn about its effects and medical uses.
annual mugwort side effects
Annual mugwort (Artemisia annua) can cause side effects such as nausea, dizziness, and allergic reactions. Learn what to watch out for before use.
Annular Pancreas
Annular pancreas is a rare congenital anomaly in which a ring of pancreatic tissue surrounds the duodenum, potentially causing a partial or complete intestinal obstruction.
Annuloplasty
Annuloplasty is a cardiac surgical procedure used to repair the valve ring (annulus) of a heart valve, restoring its proper function and preventing blood backflow.
Anorectal Function
Anorectal function describes the coordinated interaction of the rectum and anal canal in controlling bowel movements. Disorders can cause incontinence or constipation.
Anorectal Manometry
Anorectal manometry is a diagnostic procedure that measures pressure within the rectum and anal sphincter. It is used to evaluate fecal incontinence, chronic constipation, and other pelvic floor disorders.
Anorexia nervosa
Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder characterized by extreme underweight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image.
Anorexia Treatment
Anorexia treatment combines medical, psychotherapeutic, and nutritional interventions to address anorexia nervosa. The primary goals are physical stabilization and long-term psychological recovery.
Anorganische Verbindung
Eine anorganische Verbindung ist eine chemische Substanz, die in der Regel keine Kohlenstoff-Wasserstoff-Bindungen enthält.
Anovulation
Anovulation refers to the absence of ovulation during the female menstrual cycle. It is a leading cause of female infertility and irregular periods.
Antacid Therapy
Antacid therapy neutralizes excess stomach acid, providing fast relief from heartburn, acid reflux, and stomach discomfort.
Antagonist Inhibition
Antagonist inhibition is a neurological principle in which opposing muscles are coordinately suppressed to allow smooth, controlled movement.
Antecurvation
Antecurvation refers to an anterior (forward) bending or angular deformity of a bone or body segment, commonly occurring after fractures or as a congenital condition.
Anterior carpal region
The anterior carpal region is the flexor (palmar) side of the wrist. It contains key tendons, blood vessels, and nerves, making it clinically relevant in injuries and conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome.
Anterior sacroiliac ligament
The anterior sacroiliac ligament is a key stabilizing structure on the front of the sacroiliac joint, connecting the sacrum and ilium to maintain pelvic stability and support weight transfer.
Anthelmintic
Anthelmintics are medications used to treat parasitic worm infections, known as helminthiasis. They target and eliminate parasitic worms living inside the human body.
Anthocyanins
Anthocyanins are natural plant pigments responsible for the red, purple, and blue colors of many fruits and vegetables. They are potent antioxidants linked to numerous health benefits.
Anthropometry
Anthropometry is the science of measuring the human body. It assesses height, weight, circumferences and other dimensions to evaluate health status and nutritional condition.
Anthroposophic Medicine
Anthroposophic Medicine is a holistic medical approach that extends conventional medicine with spiritual and natural scientific insights. It was founded by Rudolf Steiner.
Anthroposophic Remedies
Anthroposophic remedies are medicinal products used in anthroposophic medicine, a holistic healing system developed by Rudolf Steiner that draws on minerals, plants, and animal substances.
Anti-infective
Anti-infectives are substances that combat pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. They form a core group of modern medicine used in the treatment of infectious diseases.
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory refers to substances, measures, or therapies that inhibit or reduce inflammatory responses in the body. They play a central role in medicine and nutrition.
Anti-inflammatory
Inflammation inhibitors - also called anti-inflammatory drugs - are substances that dampen acute or chronic inflammatory processes in the body.
Anti-Inflammatory Foods
Entzündungshemmende Lebensmittel unterstützen den Körper dabei, chronische Entzündungsprozesse zu regulieren und das Immunsystem ins Gleichgewicht zu bringen.
Anti-Inflammatory Proteins
Anti-inflammatory proteins are endogenous or therapeutically used proteins that regulate and suppress inflammatory responses. They play a key role in immune defense and the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Anti-inflammatory Suppression
Inflammation suppression refers to the targeted inhibition or reduction of inflammatory processes in the body through medications, therapies, or natural mechanisms.
Anti-Obesity
Anti-obesity refers to medical strategies aimed at treating obesity, including dietary therapy, physical activity, medications, and surgical interventions.
Antiandrogen
Antiandrogens are substances that block or reduce the effects of male sex hormones (androgens). They are used to treat prostate cancer, acne, hirsutism, and more.
Antibiogram
An antibiogram is a laboratory test that shows which antibiotics are effective against a specific pathogen. It helps doctors select the most targeted antibiotic therapy.
Antibiotic Dosage
Antibiotic dosage defines how much of an antibiotic is taken and at what intervals. Correct dosing is essential for treatment success and for preventing the development of antibiotic resistance.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Antibiotic prophylaxis is the preventive use of antibiotics to reduce the risk of bacterial infections. It is commonly used before surgery or in patients with elevated infection risk.
Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria develop the ability to survive exposure to antibiotics. It is considered one of the most serious global public health threats of our time.
Antibiotic Therapy
Antibiotic therapy is the targeted treatment of bacterial infections using antibiotics. It inhibits bacterial growth or kills bacteria directly.
Antibody Deficiency
Antibody deficiency is a condition in which the immune system produces insufficient antibodies, increasing susceptibility to recurrent infections. It can be inherited or acquired.
Antibody Formation
Antibody formation is the process by which the immune system produces specific proteins to fight pathogens. It is central to the body's immune defense.
Antibody Profile
An antibody profile is a laboratory test that measures multiple antibodies in the blood to help diagnose autoimmune diseases, infections, or allergic conditions.
Anticoagulant Therapy
Anticoagulant therapy is a medical treatment that reduces the blood´s ability to clot. It is used to prevent or treat conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and stroke.
Anticoagulants
Anticoagulants are medications that inhibit blood clotting and help prevent dangerous blood clots. They are used in conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation.
Anticoagulation
Anticoagulation refers to the medical inhibition of blood clotting to prevent thrombosis and embolism. It is achieved using anticoagulant drugs or antiplatelet agents.
Anticoagulation
Anticoagulation refers to the use of medications that inhibit blood clotting to prevent and treat thrombosis and embolism.
Antidepressants
Antidepressants are medications used to treat depression and related mental health conditions such as anxiety disordersor obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Antiemetic
An antiemetic is a medication used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting. It is commonly used for motion sickness, chemotherapy side effects, or postoperative nausea.
Antiepileptic Drug
Antiepileptic drugs are medications used to prevent and treat epilepsy and epileptic seizures. They act on the central nervous system to stabilize the excitability of nerve cells.
Antifibrillatory
Antifibrillatory refers to measures or substances that prevent or terminate cardiac fibrillation. They are a key component of modern cardiology.
Antifibrinolytic Agent
An antifibrinolytic agent is a drug that inhibits the breakdown of blood clots, helping to stop or prevent excessive bleeding. It is commonly used in surgery, childbirth, and bleeding disorders.
Antifibrotic
Antifibrotic refers to substances or therapies that counteract the pathological formation of excess connective tissue (fibrosis). They are used in conditions such as liver cirrhosis or pulmonary fibrosis.
Antifungal Agent
An antifungal agent is a medication used to treat fungal infections. It acts specifically against fungi and can be applied both locally and systemically.
Antigen Avoidance
Antigen avoidance refers to the deliberate elimination of exposure to a specific antigen in order to prevent allergic or immunological reactions. It is a core principle in allergology and immunology.
Antihistamine
An antihistamine is a medication that blocks the effects of histamine in the body. It is commonly used to treat allergies, hay fever, and skin reactions.
Antihistamines
Antihistamines are drugs that block the effect of the body's own messenger substance histamine, which plays a central role in allergic reactions.
Antihypertensive
An antihypertensive is a medication used to lower high blood pressure. It is prescribed to treat hypertension and reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage.
Antihypertensive Agents
Antihypertensive agents are medications used to lower elevated blood pressure, thereby protecting the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys.
Antikörper
Antikörper sind zentrale Proteine der Immunabwehr. Erfahre, wie sie aufgebaut sind, wie sie wirken und warum sie Immunität ermöglichen.
Antileukotrienes
Antileukotrienes are medications that block the effects of leukotrienes and are primarily used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Antimetabolite
Antimetabolites are substances that inhibit cellular metabolism by mimicking natural metabolites. They are primarily used in cancer therapy and immunosuppression.
Antimicrobial Proteins
Antimicrobial proteins are naturally produced defense molecules that fight bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They form a key part of the innate immune system.
Antinociceptive
Antinociceptive refers to substances or mechanisms that inhibit the perception of pain. They act on the nervous system to reduce the transmission of pain signals.
Antinuclear Antibodies
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are autoantibodies directed against components of the cell nucleus. Their detection in the blood is an important indicator of autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus.
Antioxidant Activity
Antioxidant activity describes the ability of substances to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in the body, helping to protect cells from damage.
Antioxidant Capacity
Antioxidant capacity describes the ability of a substance or food to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in the body.
Antioxidant Enzyme
Antioxidant enzymes are proteins produced by the body that protect cells from harmful free radicals. They form a key part of the body´s natural defense against oxidative stress.
Antioxidants
Antioxidants are compounds that help to neutralise free radicals in the body and prevent cell damage.
Antiparasitic
An antiparasitic is a medication used to treat infections caused by parasites such as worms, protozoa, or ectoparasites. It works by killing or inhibiting the growth of the parasite.
Antiparasitic
Antiparasitic refers to substances, medications, or measures that act against parasites such as worms, protozoa, or ectoparasites to treat or prevent infections.
Antiparasitic
Antiparasitic refers to substances or measures that kill parasites in the human body or inhibit their reproduction. They are used for the treatment and prevention of parasitic infections.
Antiphlogistic
An antiphlogistic is an anti-inflammatory drug that reduces inflammation in the body. It is used to relieve pain, swelling, and inflammatory conditions.
Antiplatelet
Antiplatelet refers to substances or therapies that inhibit the activation and clumping of platelets (thrombocytes), thereby preventing the formation of dangerous blood clots.
Antipyretic
An antipyretic is a medication used to reduce fever and lower elevated body temperature. Common examples include paracetamol and ibuprofen.
Antiretroviral
Antiretroviral drugs are medications that act against retroviruses such as HIV. They suppress viral replication and form the basis of modern HIV/AIDS treatment.
Antirheumatic
Antirheumatic refers to substances, therapies, or measures used to treat rheumatic diseases, helping to reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and slow disease progression.
Antiseptic
An antiseptic is a chemical agent that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms on living tissue such as skin, mucous membranes, or wounds to prevent infection.
Antithrombotic Agent
Antithrombotic agents are medications that inhibit or prevent the formation of blood clots. They are used to treat or prevent conditions such as thrombosis, heart attack, and stroke.
Antithyroid Drug
An antithyroid drug is a medication that reduces the excessive production of thyroid hormones. It is primarily used to treat hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid gland).
Antitumor Protein
Antitumor proteins are naturally occurring or artificially produced proteins that can inhibit tumor cell growth or trigger programmed cell death in cancer cells.
Antiviral Agent
An antiviral agent is a medication that inhibits the replication of viruses in the body. It is used to treat and prevent a wide range of viral infections.
Antiviral Agent
An antiviral agent is a medication that inhibits the replication of viruses. It is used to treat and prevent viral infectious diseases.
Anxiety Disorder
Eine Angststörung ist eine psychische Erkrankung, bei der übermäßige, anhaltende Angst oder Sorgen auftreten, die nicht in einem angemessenen Verhältnis zur tatsächlichen Situation stehen.
Anxiolytic
An anxiolytic is a medication used to reduce anxiety, tension, and fear. These drugs act on the central nervous system and are prescribed for anxiety disorders.
AOK 66 Tage Challenge
Die AOK 66-Tage-Challenge begleitet Sie mit Impulsen und praktischen Aufgaben, um gesunde Gewohnheiten nachhaltig in Alltag zu integrieren.
Aortic Arch Anomaly
An aortic arch anomaly is a congenital malformation of the aortic arch that can affect the heart, vessels, and surrounding structures such as the airway.
Aortic Dissection
Aortic dissection is a life-threatening tear in the inner layer of the aorta, the body´s main artery. Immediate emergency medical care is essential for survival.
Aortic Stenosis
Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve of the heart that restricts blood flow. It is one of the most common heart valve diseases and primarily affects older adults.
Aortic Valve
The aortic valve is one of the four heart valves and controls blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta. It plays a vital role in the cardiovascular system.
Aortic Valve Replacement
Aortic valve replacement is a cardiac surgical procedure in which a diseased aortic valve is replaced with an artificial or biological prosthetic valve.
Aortic Wall Changes
Aortic wall changes refer to structural alterations of the aortic wall, such as those caused by atherosclerosis or inflammation. Early diagnosis is essential for prevention of complications.
Aortocoronary
Aortocoronary refers to the connection between the aorta and the coronary arteries, especially in the context of aortocoronary bypass surgery.
Aortography
Aortography is an imaging procedure that uses X-rays and contrast dye to visualize the aorta. It helps diagnose diseases of the main artery of the body.
Apgar Score
The Apgar Score is a standardized assessment tool used immediately after birth to quickly evaluate the health and condition of a newborn.
Aphrodisiac
An aphrodisiac is a substance believed to increase sexual desire, arousal, or performance. Aphrodisiacs can be of plant, animal, or synthetic origin.
Aphthous Ulcer Ointment
Aphthous ulcer ointment is a topical medication used to relieve pain and promote healing of painful mouth ulcers. It protects the affected oral mucosa and supports recovery.
Apicoectomy
An apicoectomy is a minor surgical dental procedure in which the tip of a tooth root is removed. It is used to treat persistent infections or inflammation that cannot be resolved through conventional root canal treatment.
Apicoectomy
An apicoectomy is a minor surgical dental procedure in which the tip of a tooth root is removed to treat persistent infection or inflammation that cannot be resolved by root canal treatment alone.
Aplanochytrium sp.
Aplanochytrium sp. is a genus of marine, unicellular microorganisms belonging to the Labyrinthulomycetes, found in ocean ecosystems and increasingly studied for medical and biotechnological relevance.
Apnea Screening
Apnea screening is a diagnostic procedure used to detect sleep apnea by identifying breathing pauses during sleep. It helps recognize at-risk patients at an early stage.
Apo-Lactoferrin
Apo-Lactoferrin is lactoferrin from which iron has been removed, i.e. with a low iron saturation, usually below 15 % iron saturation.
Apoferritin
Apoferritin is the iron-free protein shell of the storage protein ferritin. It plays a central role in iron metabolism in the human body.
Apolipoprotein A
Apolipoprotein A is a key protein in lipid metabolism, serving as the main component of HDL cholesterol and playing a vital role in protecting blood vessels against atherosclerosis.
Apolipoprotein A1
Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is the primary structural protein of HDL cholesterol and plays a key role in removing excess cholesterol from blood vessel walls.
Apolipoprotein B
Apolipoprotein B is a key transport protein in the blood that carries fats and cholesterol to body cells and is considered a central risk marker for cardiovascular disease.
Aponeurosis
An aponeurosis is a flat, sheet-like tendinous connective tissue structure that connects muscles to bones or other tissues, playing a key mechanical role in the musculoskeletal system.
Apophysiolysis
Apophysiolysis is an injury in which a bony protrusion called an apophysis is pulled away from the bone by muscle or tendon forces. It most commonly affects young athletes.
Apophysitis
Apophysitis is a painful overuse condition affecting the apophysis, a bony growth area in children and adolescents, commonly caused by repetitive physical stress.
Apoptosis Induction
Apoptosis induction refers to the process by which a cell is triggered to undergo programmed cell death. It plays a key role in cancer therapy and normal tissue development.
Apoptosis Inhibition
Apoptosis inhibition refers to the suppression of programmed cell death. It plays a key role in cancer development and is a major target in modern oncological therapies.
Apoptosis Markers
Apoptosis markers are biological indicators used to detect programmed cell death. They play a key role in diagnostics and research, helping identify cell death in diseases such as cancer.
Apoptosis Pathway
The apoptosis pathway describes the molecular signaling cascades that lead to programmed cell death. It plays a key role in development, immune defense, and cancer biology.
Apoptosis Protein
Apoptosis proteins are molecules that regulate programmed cell death. They play a central role in development, immune defense, and the formation of cancer.
Apoptosis Regulation
Apoptosis regulation refers to the cellular mechanisms that control and govern programmed cell death. It is essential for tissue homeostasis and plays a central role in cancer, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegeneration.
Apparatus-based
Apparatus-based refers to all medical examinations and treatments carried out using technical devices or equipment, such as ultrasound, ECG, or X-ray.
Appendectomy
An appendectomy is the surgical removal of the appendix. It is the standard treatment for acute appendicitis and is most commonly performed as a minimally invasive laparoscopic procedure.
Appendicitis
Irritation of the appendix causes mild discomfort in the lower right abdomen and can be a harbinger of appendicitis. Find out here which symptoms are typical and which measures can help.
Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix)
Appendicitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the appendix, a small appendage of the appendix.
Appendicitis Signs
Appendicitis signs are clinical examination findings that indicate inflammation of the appendix. They help physicians quickly identify and diagnose appendicitis.
Appetite Regulation
Appetite regulation describes the complex mechanisms by which the body controls hunger and satiety. Hormones, nerve signals, and brain regions work closely together in this process.
Appetite Suppression
Appetite suppression refers to methods or substances that reduce feelings of hunger and decrease food intake. It is commonly used for weight management and in the treatment of obesity.
Apple cider vinegar
Apple cider vinegar is a fermented natural product that is created by the double fermentation of sugary apple juice: First, sugar is converted into alcohol, then acetic acid bacteria convert the alcohol into acetic acid.
Apple Polyphenols
Apple polyphenols are bioactive plant compounds found in apples with antioxidant properties. They support heart health, gut microbiota, and cellular protection.
Approximal Surface
The approximal surface is the side of a tooth that faces an adjacent tooth. It is a key area in dental hygiene and cavity prevention.
Aquaponic Vegetables
Aquaponic vegetables are grown in a closed-loop system combining fish farming and plant cultivation – soil-free, resource-efficient, and rich in nutrients.
Aqueductus mesencephali
The aqueductus mesencephali is a narrow canal in the midbrain connecting the third and fourth ventricles, playing a key role in cerebrospinal fluid circulation.
Aqueous Humor
Aqueous humor is the clear fluid inside the eye that nourishes the cornea and lens. Impaired drainage can raise intraocular pressure and lead to glaucoma.
Arachidonic Acid
Arachidonsäure ist eine mehrfach ungesättigte Omega-6-Fettsäure, die im Körper als wichtiger Bestandteil von Zellmembranen fungiert.
Arachidonic Acid Cascade
The arachidonic acid cascade is a key biochemical signaling pathway that regulates inflammatory responses in the body and plays a central role in many diseases.
Arachnoid Cyst
An arachnoid cyst is a benign, fluid-filled sac that forms between the layers of the brain membranes. Most are congenital and cause no symptoms.
Arcus pubis
The arcus pubis, or pubic arch, is the bony arch beneath the pubic symphysis forming the lower boundary of the pelvic outlet, with key relevance in obstetrics.
Arcus venae azygos
The arcus venae azygos is the arch-shaped segment of the azygos vein that curves over the right main bronchus and drains into the superior vena cava.
Arginine Synthesis
Arginine synthesis describes the biochemical process by which the human body produces the amino acid arginine, primarily in the liver and kidneys.
Arithmetic Mean
The arithmetic mean is a fundamental statistical measure that represents the average of a data set. It is calculated by adding all values and dividing by the number of values.
Aroma Compound
Aroma compounds are chemical substances that give foods, cosmetics, or pharmaceuticals their characteristic scent and flavor. They may be naturally derived or synthetically produced.
Aromatherapy
Die Aromatherapie ist eine alternativmedizinische Methode, bei der ätherische Öle aus Pflanzen zur Förderung von Wohlbefinden, Gesundheit und Heilung eingesetzt werden.
Aromatolysis
Aromatolysis is a complementary therapy method that uses essential oils to help release physical and emotional blockages and promote overall well-being.
Arrhythmia Treatment
Arrhythmia treatment includes all medical measures used to manage irregular heart rhythms. The goal is to restore a normal heartbeat and prevent serious complications.
Artemisia annua
Artemisia annua ist eine Heilpflanze mit stark antiparasitärer und antiviraler Wirkung. Besonders bekannt ist sie für Artemisinin – den Hauptwirkstoff gegen Malaria und mögliche Begleiter bei Infektionen.
Artemisia annua Cancer
Artemisia annua is a medicinal plant whose active compound artemisinin is being studied in cancer research. Early studies suggest potential anti-tumor properties.
Artemisinin
Artemisinin is a natural compound derived from the plant Artemisia annua and is considered one of the most potent antimalarial agents in modern medicine.
Arteria Lusoria
Arteria lusoria is a rare congenital vascular anomaly in which the right subclavian artery takes an abnormal course behind the esophagus, potentially causing swallowing difficulties.
Arterial Blood Pressure
Arterial blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on artery walls. Measured in mmHg, it is a key vital sign reflecting cardiovascular health.
Arterial Calcification
Arterial calcification is the buildup of calcium salts in artery walls, reducing their elasticity. It is a key risk marker for heart attack and stroke and is closely linked to cardiovascular disease.
Arterial Calcification
Arterial calcification refers to calcium deposits in artery walls, a hallmark of atherosclerosis that significantly increases the risk of heart attack and stroke.
Arterial Occlusion
An arterial occlusion is a complete or partial blockage of an artery that disrupts blood supply to tissues. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment to prevent permanent damage.
Arterial Stiffness
Arterial stiffness refers to the reduced elasticity of blood vessel walls, particularly the large arteries. It is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Arterial Wall Stiffness
Arterial wall stiffness refers to the loss of elasticity in the walls of arteries. It is a key marker of cardiovascular health and increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, and organ damage.
Arteriography
Arteriography is an imaging procedure used to visualize arteries by injecting contrast dye and taking X-ray images. It helps diagnose a range of vascular conditions.
Arteriosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis is a disease in which the walls of the blood vessels thicken and harden due to deposits of fats, cholesterol and other substances.
Arteriosclerosis Prevention
Arteriosclerosis prevention includes all measures that help prevent the hardening and narrowing of arteries. A healthy diet, regular exercise, and not smoking are key pillars of prevention.
Arteriovenous
Arteriovenous refers to a connection or relationship between arteries and veins. The term is central to vascular medicine and cardiology.
artesunate clinical
Artesunate is clinically used primarily to treat severe malaria. It is a highly effective drug derived from artemisinin and is considered the first-line therapy by the WHO.
arthritis symptoms
Arthritis symptoms include joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. Learn which signs are typical and when it is time to see a doctor.
Arthrography
Arthrography is an imaging procedure used to examine joints in detail using contrast material. It helps visualize internal joint structures such as cartilage, ligaments, and the joint capsule.
Arthroplasty
Arthroplasty is a surgical procedure to restore or replace a damaged joint, aiming to relieve pain, improve mobility, and enhance the quality of life for patients.
Arthroscope
An arthroscope is a medical instrument used for minimally invasive examination and treatment of joints. It is a key tool in orthopedic surgery.
Arthrotomy
An arthrotomy is a surgical procedure in which a joint is opened operatively. It is used to diagnose and treat joint diseases or injuries.
Articular Disc
The articular disc is a fibrocartilaginous structure found in certain joints that distributes pressure, protects joint surfaces, and enhances range of motion.
Articular Fracture
An articular fracture is a bone break that extends into a joint. It typically requires targeted treatment to preserve long-term joint function and mobility.
Articular Mobilisation
Articular mobilisation is a manual therapy technique used to improve joint mobility, reduce pain, and restore normal joint function in restricted or painful joints.
Articulatio costochondralis
The articulatio costochondralis is the junction between the bony part of a rib and its costal cartilage. It provides stability and flexibility to the thoracic cage.
Articulatio dentoalveolaris
The articulatio dentoalveolaris refers to the joint connecting the tooth root to the alveolar bone of the jaw, mediated by the periodontal ligament and supporting structures.
Asafoetida
Asafoetida ist ein aus dem Milchsaft verschiedener Ferula-Arten gewonnenes Harz, das traditionell sowohl als Gewürz als auch in der Naturheilkunde Verwendung findet.
Ascorbic Acid
Ascorbic acid is the chemical name for Vitamin C, an essential water-soluble vitamin with powerful antioxidant properties vital to human health.
Ascorbinsäure (Vitamin C)
Ascorbinsäure ist die chemische Bezeichnung für Vitamin C, ein wasserlösliches Vitamin, das im menschlichen Körper viele zentrale Aufgaben erfüllt.
Ashwagandha
Ashwagandha is an adaptogenic herb traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine to reduce stress and promote general well-being.
Aspartate Aminotransferase
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found mainly in the liver, heart, and muscles. Elevated AST levels in the blood can indicate tissue damage in these organs.
Asperger Syndrom
Das Asperger Syndrom ist eine Form der Autismus-Spektrum-Störung, die durch Besonderheiten in sozialer Interaktion, Kommunikation und Wahrnehmung gekennzeichnet ist.
Aspiration
Aspiration bezeichnet das unbeabsichtigte Eindringen von Flüssigkeiten, Speichel, Nahrung oder Fremdkörpern in die Atemwege.
Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant that occurs naturally in algae, shellfish and fish. It protects cells from damage, promotes metabolic health and could contribute to longevity.
Astaxanthin Powder
Astaxanthin powder is a concentrated form of the natural carotenoid astaxanthin, known as a powerful antioxidant widely used in dietary supplements.
Asteroid Bodies
Asteroid bodies are star-shaped inclusion bodies found within giant cells, most commonly associated with sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases.
Asthma Attack
An asthma attack is a sudden worsening of airway function causing shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. Triggers include allergens, infections, and physical exertion.
Astigmatism
Eine Hornhautverkrümmung ist eine Fehlsichtigkeit, bei der die Hornhaut des Auges ungleichmäßig gekrümmt ist und dadurch verzerrtes Sehen entsteht.
Astragalus
Astragalus is a traditional medicinal plant used in Chinese medicine to strengthen the immune system and promote vitality. Root extracts are widely used today as dietary supplements worldwide.
Astrocytoma
An astrocytoma is a brain tumor arising from astrocytes, the star-shaped support cells of the brain. It belongs to the glioma group and ranges from benign to highly malignant.
aszpaganda
The term aszpaganda is not a recognized medical, scientific, or culinary term. Please check the spelling or clarify your query for accurate information.
Atelectasis
Atelectasis is a condition in which part of the lung collapses and is no longer filled with air, impairing gas exchange and potentially causing shortness of breath.
Atherogenesis
Atherogenesis is the process by which atherosclerosis develops – a chronic condition in which fatty plaques build up inside artery walls, narrowing blood vessels and raising cardiovascular risk.
Atherosclerosis Prevention
Atherosclerosis prevention includes all measures to prevent arterial plaque buildup. Lifestyle changes and medications protect the heart and blood vessels long-term.
Atherosclerosis Risk
Atherosclerosis risk refers to the likelihood of developing a hardening and narrowing of the arteries. Key risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, and elevated cholesterol levels.
Athlete’s Foot
Fußpilz (medizinisch: Tinea pedis) ist eine der häufigsten Pilzinfektionen der Haut.
Atlantoaxial
The atlantoaxial joint connects the first and second cervical vertebrae (atlas and axis) and enables rotational movement of the head. Disorders of this joint can lead to instability, pain, and neurological complications.
Atlantooccipital
The atlantooccipital joint connects the first cervical vertebra (atlas) to the occipital bone of the skull, enabling nodding movements of the head.
Atlas Assimilation
Atlas assimilation is a congenital skeletal anomaly in which the first cervical vertebra (atlas) fuses with the occipital bone. It can cause neck pain and neurological symptoms.
Atomic Core
The atomic core refers to the part of an atom consisting of the nucleus and the inner electron shells that do not participate in chemical bonding.
Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by intense itching, dry skin, and recurring eczematous lesions. It is one of the most common skin disorders worldwide.
Atorvastatin
Atorvastatin is a prescription medication used to lower elevated cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. It belongs to the statin drug class.
ATP Synthase
ATP synthase is a vital enzyme located in mitochondria that produces energy in the form of ATP. It is considered the molecular machine of cellular metabolism.
ATP Synthesis
ATP synthesis is the central biochemical process by which cells produce energy in the form of ATP. It takes place in the mitochondria and ensures the energy supply of the entire organism.
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. The heart's upper chambers beat chaotically and irregularly, significantly increasing the risk of stroke.
Atrioventricular
Atrioventricular refers to the connection between the atria and ventricles of the heart. It is a key concept in understanding cardiac conduction and heart-related conditions.
Atrophic Gastritis
Atrophic gastritis is a chronic inflammation of the stomach lining in which the gastric tissue is progressively damaged and lost. It can lead to digestive problems and nutritional deficiencies.
Aurantiochytrium sp.
Aurantiochytrium sp. is a marine microorganism from the thraustochytrid group, widely used in biotechnology to produce DHA-rich algal oil as a sustainable omega-3 source.
Auricular Dysmorphia
Auricular dysmorphia refers to a malformation or shape abnormality of the outer ear, which can be congenital or acquired and may affect both the appearance and function of the ear.
Auricular Medicine
Auricular medicine is a branch of complementary medicine that uses the outer ear as a diagnostic surface and treatment site. Specific ear points are stimulated to relieve physical and psychological complaints.
Autogenes Training
Autogenes Training ist ein anerkanntes Entspannungsverfahren, das über autosuggestive Formeln körperliche und mentale Ruhe fördert.
Autoimmune disease
An autoimmune disease occurs when the body's own immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissue instead of fighting pathogens such as viruses or bacteria.
Autoimmune Disease SLE
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks healthy tissues, causing inflammation in multiple organs throughout the body.
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a condition in which the immune system mistakenly destroys the body's own red blood cells, leading to anemia with symptoms such as fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath.
Autoimmune Hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver inflammation in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body´s own liver tissue. It can occur at any age and typically requires lifelong treatment.
Autoimmune Markers
Autoimmune markers are blood test values that indicate autoimmune diseases. They help doctors detect misdirected immune responses early and initiate targeted treatment.
Autoimmune Process
An autoimmune process is a malfunction of the immune system in which the body mistakenly identifies its own tissues as foreign and attacks them, potentially leading to chronic inflammation and organ damage.
Autoimmune Reaction
An autoimmune reaction occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body´s own tissues. It is the underlying mechanism of many autoimmune diseases.
Autoimmune Therapy
Autoimmune therapy refers to medical treatments designed to regulate the misdirected immune response in autoimmune diseases. The goal is to reduce inflammation and prevent organ damage.
Autologous Blood Plasma
Autologous blood plasma is a concentrate derived from a patient´s own blood, rich in growth factors, and used in medicine to promote natural healing and tissue regeneration.
Autologous Blood Transfusion
An autologous blood transfusion is a procedure in which a patient's own blood is collected and reinfused when needed, helping to avoid the use of donor blood.
Autologous Fat Therapy
Autologous fat therapy is a medical procedure in which the body's own fat tissue is harvested and re-injected to restore volume or treat specific conditions.
Axial Deviation
Axial deviation refers to the misalignment of a body axis, most commonly affecting the legs or spine. It can be congenital or acquired and may lead to pain and joint damage.
Axillary Dissection
Axillary dissection is a surgical procedure to remove lymph nodes from the armpit, most commonly performed in breast cancer treatment for staging and therapy.
Axillary Space
The axillary space, commonly known as the armpit, is an anatomical region located beneath the shoulder joint. It contains major blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes.
Axillary Temperature
Axillary temperature is the body temperature measured in the armpit. It is a widely used, non-invasive method for basic fever monitoring in both adults and children.
Axon Regeneration
Axon regeneration refers to the ability of nerve fibers to regrow and restore lost connections following injury or damage to the nervous system.
Axonal Degeneration
Axonal degeneration refers to the structural breakdown of nerve fibers (axons). It occurs in various neurological conditions and can lead to permanent loss of function.
Axonal Growth
Axonal growth is the biological process by which nerve fibers (axons) extend and form new connections. It is essential for nervous system development and regeneration after injury.
Ayurvedic Herbs
Ayurvedic herbs are plant-based remedies from traditional Indian medicine. They have been used for thousands of years to promote health and overall well-being.
Azithromycin
Azithromycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the macrolide class, used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.
Die neusten Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryFree Radical Scavengers
Free radical scavengers are substances that neutralize harmful free radicals in the body, protecting cells from oxidative stress. They play a key role in preventing chronic diseases.
Xenobiotic Protection
Xenobiotic protection refers to the body´s ability to detect, metabolize, and eliminate foreign chemical substances – known as xenobiotics – in order to protect cells and organs from damage.
Cold Therapy
Cold therapy is the targeted use of cold to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and support recovery from injuries. It is widely used in medicine, rehabilitation, and sports.
Die meistgelesenen Einträge
3 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryMagnesiumcarbonat
Magnesiumcarbonat ist eine anorganische Magnesiumverbindung mit säure-neutralisierender (antazidischer) Wirkung. Erfahre mehr über Vorteile, Einsatzgebiete und Unterschiede zu besser resorbierbaren Magnesiumformen.
Cologne list
The Cologne List ® is an important initiative in competitive sports that offers athletes guidance in the selection of nutritional supplements.
Calorie content
The choice of food influences our energy intake. The calorie content varies greatly - some provide little energy, others a lot.