Autoimmune disease - causes, symptoms and treatment options
An autoimmune disease occurs when the body's own immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissue instead of fighting pathogens such as viruses or bacteria.
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An autoimmune disease occurs when the body's own immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissue instead of fighting pathogens such as viruses or bacteria.
The misdirected immune response in an autoimmune disease can lead to inflammation and tissue damage. Autoimmune diseases can affect many different organs and systems, making the symptoms varied and often difficult to diagnose. The most common autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, lupus erythematosus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and coeliac disease.
The causes of autoimmune diseases are complex and not yet fully understood. Genetic factors often play a role, but environmental influences such as viral infections, hormonal changes or an unhealthy diet can also increase the risk. An imbalance in the gut flora is also increasingly being recognised as a possible trigger of autoimmune diseases, as the gut plays an important role in the immune system. Common symptoms of autoimmune diseases include chronic fatigue, pain, inflammation, skin rashes and fever. The symptoms vary greatly depending on which organ or system is affected. Rheumatoid arthritis, for example, causes joint pain and swelling, while lupus mainly affects the skin and organs such as the kidneys.
The treatment of autoimmune diseases depends on the specific disease and its severity. In many cases, immunosuppressants are used to dampen the excessive immune response and control the inflammation. Biologics, specially developed drugs that specifically block certain immune cells, can also be helpful in many autoimmune diseases. In addition, anti-inflammatory drugs such as cortisone and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help to alleviate symptoms.
In addition to drug treatment, a healthy diet plays an important role in controlling autoimmune diseases. An anti-inflammatory diet with plenty of vegetables, fruit, omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. from fish oil), turmeric, nuts and seeds can help to reduce inflammatory processes in the body. Probiotics and fibre support healthy intestinal flora, which in turn can strengthen the immune system. Lactoferrin can also have a positive effect on the immune response. As a natural protein that is mainly found in body fluids such as saliva, tears and milk, it has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties that can help regulate immune responses. In autoimmune diseases, it can help to stabilise the balance of the immune system. Lactoferrin binds iron, which is important for many pathogens and also for immune cells.
It is important to emphasise that autoimmune diseases are usually chronic and require long-term therapy. However, the course can be positively influenced by early diagnosis, personalised treatment and a healthy lifestyle.
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